| 1. |
- Cintas Sanchez, Olivia, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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THE CLIMATE BENEFITS OF INCREASED FOREST BIOENERGY USE IN SWEDEN: EVALUATION AT DIFFERENT SCALES
- 2014
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Ingår i: World Bioenergy 2014 Proceedings. ; , s. 133-139
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Forest bioenergy has gained attention as an alternative to replace fossil fuels and mitigate climate change; however, in recent years its climate benefit has been questioned. The aim of this paper is to (i) present results from an assessment of the carbon (C) balance for Swedish bioenergy systems that use forest biomass from long-rotation forestry as feedstock; (ii) show how methodological choices and assumptions influence the outcome of the assessment; and (iii) discuss the climate effect of increasing forest harvest for energy use in Sweden. To achieve this purpose, an assessment framework is developed which consists of two linked models: the first one is the Q model, used to quantify the biogenic C balances associated with forest management and the second one is the CAfBio, used to account for forest product flows up to the point when the C is released into the atmosphere. Modeling results depend on many factors, with some important ones being harvest intensity, changes in forest management and the emissions intensity of the baseline scenario, which determines the C savings from using forest products. However, the results of the study support the conclusion that increased use of forest biomass for bioenergy can deliver substantial C savings.
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| 2. |
- Amatayakul, Wathanyu, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Determining factor for the development of CDM biomass power projects
- 2012
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Ingår i: Energy for Sustainable Development. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-4669 .- 0973-0826. ; 16:2, s. 197-203
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, a hypothesis that government's guarantee of power purchase rather than guarantee of carbon credit purchase determines the development of CDM biomass power projects in developing countries is tested by an empirical analysis using objective indicators and by an econometric analysis. The empirical analysis shows that there are indications that guarantee of power purchase rather than guarantee of access to sell carbon credits or guarantee of carbon credit purchase determines the development of a large percentage of registered CDM bagasse power projects in Brazil, India and Thailand. The result from the econometric analysis supports the hypothesis. The result also suggests that power purchase guarantee significantly determines whether or not there is development of a CDM biomass power project based on agricultural residues in a country. This suggests that implementing policies and regulations that guarantee an access for biomass power developers to sell electricity to the grid at an attractive price could lead to the development of biomass power projects in a larger number of developing countries.
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| 3. |
- Axelsson, Lisa, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Jatropha cultivation in southern India: assessing farmers experiences
- 2012
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Ingår i: Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining. - : John Wiley and Sons. - 1932-104X .- 1932-1031. ; 6:3, s. 246-256
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Together with 106 farmers who started growing Jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.) in 20042006, this research sought to increase the knowledge around the real-life experience of Jatropha farming in the southern India states of Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh. Launched as an alternative for diesel in India, Jatropha has been promoted as a non-edible plant that could grow on poor soils, yield oil-rich seeds for production of bio-diesel, and not compete directly with food production. Through interviews with the farmers, information was gathered regarding their socio-economic situation, the implementation and performance of their Jatropha plantations, and their reasons for continuing or discontinuing Jatropha cultivation. Results reveal that 82% of the farmers had substituted former cropland for their Jatropha cultivation. By 2010, 85% (n = 90) of the farmers who cultivated Jatropha in 2004 had stopped. Cultivating the crop did not give the economic returns the farmers anticipated, mainly due to a lack of information about the crop and its maintenance during cultivation and due to water scarcity. A majority of the farmers irrigated and applied fertilizer, and even pesticides. Many problems experienced by the farmers were due to limited knowledge about cultivating Jatropha caused by poor planning and implementation of the national Jatropha program. Extension services, subsidies, and other support were not provided as promised. The farmers who continued cultivation had means of income other than Jatropha and held hopes of a future Jatropha market. The lack of market structures, such as purchase agreements and buyers, as well as a low retail price for the seeds, were frequently stated as barriers to Jatropha cultivation. For Jatropha biodiesel to perform well, efforts are needed to improve yield levels and stability through genetic improvements and drought tolerance, as well as agriculture extension services to support adoption of the crop. Government programs will -probably be more effective if implementing biodiesel production is conjoined with stimulating the demand for Jatropha biodiesel. To avoid food-biofuel competition, additional measures may be needed such as land-use restrictions for Jatropha producers and taxes on biofuels or biofuel feedstocks to improve the competitiveness of the food sector compared to the bioenergy sector.
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| 4. |
- Axelsson, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
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Performance of Jatropha biodiesel production and its environmental and socio-economic impact – A case study in Southern India
- 2011
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Ingår i: World Renewable Energy Congress 2011. - Linköping : Linköping University Electronic Press. - 9789173930703 ; , s. 2470-2477
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In India expectations have been high on production of biodiesel from the oil-crop Jatropha. Jatropha is promoted as a drought- and pest-resistant crop, with the potential to grow on degraded soil with a low amount of inputs. These characteristics encourage hope for positive environmental and socio-economic impacts from Jatropha biodiesel production. The purpose of this study was to explore the performance of Jatropha biodiesel production in Southern India, to identify motivational factors for continued Jatropha cultivation, and to assess environmental and socio-economic impacts of the Jatropha biodiesel production. 106 farmers who have or have had Jatropha plantations were visited and interviewed regarding their opinion of Jatropha cultivation. The result indicates that 85 percent of the farmers have discontinued cultivation of Jatropha. The main barriers to continued cultivation derive from ecological problems, economic losses, and problems in the development and execution of the governmental implementation of the Jatropha programme. The Jatropha characteristics were overrated, and the plantations failed to provide income to the farmer. A common factor for the farmers who continued Jatropha cultivation was that they had the economic means to maintain non-profitable plantations. As the Jatropha programme was not as successful as expected, the expected positive environmental and socio-economic impacts have not been realized.
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| 5. |
- Barretto, Agop, et al.
(författare)
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Agricultural intensification in Brazil and its effects on land-use patterns: an analysis of the 1975-2006 period
- 2013
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Ingår i: Global Change Biology. - : Wiley. - 1365-2486 .- 1354-1013. ; 19:6, s. 1804-1815
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Does agricultural intensification reduce the area used for agricultural production in Brazil? Census and other data for time periods 19751996 and 19962006 were processed and analyzed using Geographic Information System and statistical tools to investigate whether and if so, how, changes in yield and stocking rate coincide with changes in cropland and pasture area. Complementary medium-resolution data on total farmland area changes were used in a spatially explicit assessment of the land-use transitions that occurred in Brazil during 19602006. The analyses show that in agriculturally consolidated areas (mainly southern and southeastern Brazil), land-use intensification (both on cropland and pastures) coincided with either contraction of both cropland and pasture areas, or cropland expansion at the expense of pastures, both cases resulting in farmland stability or contraction. In contrast, in agricultural frontier areas (i.e., the deforestation zones in central and northern Brazil), land-use intensification coincided with expansion of agricultural lands. These observations provide support for the thesis that (i) technological improvements create incentives for expansion in agricultural frontier areas; and (ii) farmers are likely to reduce their managed acreage only if land becomes a scarce resource. The spatially explicit examination of land-use transitions since 1960 reveals an expansion and gradual movement of the agricultural frontier toward the interior (center-western Cerrado) of Brazil. It also indicates a possible initiation of a reversed trend in line with the forest transition theory, i.e., agricultural contraction and recurring forests in marginally suitable areas in southeastern Brazil, mainly within the Atlantic Forest biome. The significant reduction in deforestation that has taken place in recent years, despite rising food commodity prices, indicates that policies put in place to curb conversion of native vegetation to agriculture land might be effective. This can improve the prospects for protecting native vegetation by investing in agricultural intensification.
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| 6. |
- Berndes, Göran, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Bioenergy and land use change-state of the art
- 2013
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Ingår i: Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Energy and Environment. - : Wiley. - 2041-8396 .- 2041-840X. ; 2:3, s. 282-303
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bioenergy projects can lead to direct and indirect land use change (LUC), which can substantially affect greenhouse gas balances with both beneficial and adverse outcomes for bioenergy's contribution to climate change mitigation. The causes behind LUC are multiple, complex, interlinked, and change over time. This makes quantification uncertain and sensitive to many factors that can develop in different directions-including land use productivity, trade patterns, prices and elasticities, and use of by-products associated with biofuels production. Quantifications reported so far vary substantially and do not support the ranking of bioenergy options with regard to LUC and associated emissions. There are however several options for mitigating these emissions, which can be implemented despite the uncertainties. Long-rotation forest management is associated with carbon emissions and sequestration that are not in temporal balance with each other and this leads to mitigation trade-offs between biomass extraction for energy use and the alternative to leave the biomass in the forest. Bioenergy's contribution to climate change mitigation needs to reflect a balance between near-term targets and the long-term objective to hold the increase in global temperature below 2 degrees C (Copenhagen Accord). Although emissions from LUC can be significant in some circumstances, the reality of such emissions is not sufficient reason to exclude bioenergy from the list of worthwhile technologies for climate changemitigation. Policy measures to minimize the negative impacts of LUC should be based on a holistic perspective recognizing the multiple drivers and effects of LUC.
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| 7. |
- Berndes, Göran, 1966
(författare)
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Bioenergy and water: risks and opportunities
- 2010
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Ingår i: Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining. - : Wiley. - 1932-1031 .- 1932-104X. ; 4:5, s. 473-474
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 8. |
- Berndes, Göran, 1966
(författare)
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Bioenergy's contribution to climate change mitigation - a matter of perspectives
- 2012
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Ingår i: Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining. - : Wiley. - 1932-1031 .- 1932-104X. ; 6:3, s. 233-235
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- There are many options for expanding bioenergy that contribute positively to environmental protection. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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| 9. |
- Berndes, Göran, 1966
(författare)
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How much biomass is available?
- 2012
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Ingår i: Systems Perspectives on Biorefineries 2012. - 9789198030013 ; , s. 36-47
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 10. |
- Berndes, Göran, 1966
(författare)
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Hur mycket biomassa finns det?
- 2014
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Ingår i: Perspektiv på förädling av bioråvara 2014. - 9789198097450 ; , s. 12-13
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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