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- Bernfort, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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ADHD from a socio-economic perspective
- 2008
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 97:2, s. 239-245
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and related disorders affect children's ability to function in school and other environments. Awareness has increased in recent years that the same problems often persist in adulthood. Based on previous studies, we aimed to outline and discuss a descriptive model for calculation of the societal costs associated with ADHD and related disorders. Methods: Following a literature review including childhood and adult studies, long-term outcomes of ADHD and associated societal costs were outlined in a simple model. Results: The literature concerning long-term consequences of ADHD and related disorders is scarce. There is some evidence regarding educational level, psychosocial problems, substance abuse, psychiatric problems and risky behaviour. The problems are likely to affect employment status, healthcare consumption, traffic and other accidents and criminality. A proposed model structure includes persisting problems in adulthood, possible undesirable outcomes (and their probabilities) and (lifetime) costs associated with these outcomes. Conclusions: Existing literature supports the conclusion that ADHD and related disorders are associated with a considerable societal burden. To estimate that burden with any accuracy, more detailed long-term data are needed. © 2007 The Author(s).
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- Bernfort, Lars
(författare)
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Hälsoekonomiska utvärderingar : Vad menas och hur gör man?
- 2009
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Health economic assessment is a tool for estimating cost-effectiveness ofresource uses in health care. Information on cost-effectiveness constitutes onepart of the foundation on which priority setting decisions are made, in order tomake the best possible use of available resources.The aim of this report is to describe the methods, meaning, and implications ofhealth economic assessments. Methodological issues are discussed, and thereport is formulated to reflect the standpoints of health economists working at CMT.The theoretical foundation of health economic assessments is in welfare theory,prescribing a societal perspective of the analyses. A societal perspectiveprescribes that all relevant costs and effects are to be included in the analysis.Direct costs are dominated by the use of health care resources and indirect costsmainly consist of production losses, due to the fact that unhealthy people areunable to perform their work. The theory also prescribes that resourcesconsumed are to be valued according to the opportunity cost approach, i.e. thevalue of a resource in its best alternative use. In practice health economicassessments contain some deviations from what is prescribed by welfare theory,for instance when it comes to costing it is often necessary to settle with rougherestimates.Below are examples of questions that are dealt with in this report:What theoretical foundation should form the basis of our analyses?What perspective should be taken in the analysis, that of the society orthat of the health care sector?Should costs associated with informal care be included in the analysis,and if so how should they be valued?How should costs associated with production losses be valued?Should costs of added life years be included in the analysis?What alternative ways are there for measuring quality of life (QALYweights),and which of these is the most appropriate?Which level of discount rate should be used in analyses stretching overlonger times than one year?Further questions related to the analysis are described, such as the appropriatetime-frame of the analysis, simulation of future costs and consequences, andsensitivity analyses.
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- Nordfeldt, Sam, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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Sjukvårdens och skolans insatser för barn med AD/HD - föräldrars erfarenheter. : En intervjustudie
- 2006
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna rapport är framtagen i ett samarbete mellan CMT, avdelningen för Barnoch ungdomspsykiatri vid IMK, Hälsouniversitetet i Linköping och Elevhälsan inom Specialverksamheter i Linköpings kommun. Tidigare har AD/HD och relaterade tillstånd belysts vad gäller epidemiologi, behandling och hälsoeffekter i CMT-rapport 2003:4. Nyligen har området studerats mer från ett samhällsperspektiv i CMT-rapport 2005:3. I denna tredje rapport tillförs ett anhörigperspektiv från intervjuer med anhöriga i Östergötland.I litteraturen har få utvärderingar från ett anhörigperspektiv av insatser vid AD/HD och relaterade tillstånd kunnat återfinnas. Det är vår förhoppning att denna rapport kan bidra till ett bredare perspektiv.Vi vill rikta ett varmt tack till alla deltagande familjer. Vi tackar även skolpsykiater Ann Fristedt och Elevhälsan i Linköpings kommun, docent Per Gustafsson och avdelningen för Barn- och Ungdomspsykiatri vid Hälsouniversitetet i Linköping, samt Landstinget i Östergötland som på olika sätt stöttat arbetet.
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- Persson, Jan, 1941-, et al.
(författare)
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Cost-effectiveness in rehabilitation of hearing impaired people.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Assistive Technology. - : IOS Press. - 1586035436 - 9781586035433 ; , s. 750-754
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The title of this book points towards the difficulty encountered in research and development carried out by laboratories to reach the users. From Virtuality to Reality aims at alerting developers so that they pay a particular attention to the outcome of their work. Inventive research as well as new technologies which have a very high potential in the field of assistive technology are described in this publication. Despite the fact that recent products take more and more frequently into account the specific needs of the handicapped people, there remains a long road ahead until these products become available to everyone. Assistive technology has to adapt to today’s fast technological developments. Because new technologies are developing too rapidly, there is no choice but to adapt to this ceaseless evolution. The elderly or handicapped people are facing more and more difficulties in interacting with the assistive technology experts. Technology is an essential component of the activity but it is even more important to take into account the human factor if the aim is to enable users to benefit from assistive technologies. As a consequence, developers must work with a unique objective based on a user-centered approach. This requires a multidisciplinary collaboration which is one of the prime movers of their research and also one of the keys of success.
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