| 1. |
- Bernfort, Lars, et al.
(författare)
-
Disease Burden and Healthcare Costs for T2D Patients With and Without Established Cardiovascular Disease in Sweden: A Retrospective Cohort Study
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Diabetes Therapy. - : SPRINGER HEIDELBERG. - 1869-6953 .- 1869-6961. ; 11:7, s. 1537-1549
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IntroductionType 2 diabetes (T2D) is a complex chronic disease with an increasing prevalence worldwide. It is commonly associated with complications, such as cardiovascular disease (CVD). Patients with both T2D and established CVD are exposed to increased risk of further cardiovascular events, which means increased healthcare costs and impairments to quality of life and survival. To determine the added burden of CVD for T2D patients, we have analyzed the consumption and costs of healthcare and mortality in two T2D patient cohorts, with and without established CVD, respectively, during a 5-year follow-up in a Swedish region.MethodsPatients with T2D on 1 January 2012 were identified using the administrative database of Region ostergotland and the Swedish National Diabetes Register. Established CVD was defined as the presence of a CVD-related healthcare visit in the period 2002-2011. Identified T2D patients were then followed retrospectively for 5 years (2012-2016) and data collected on utilization of healthcare resources, healthcare costs, and survival. Data pertinent to the study were retrieved from regional databases and national registries.ResultsOn the index date (1 January 2012) there were 19,731 patients with T2D (prevalence 4.5%) in Region ostergotland, of whom 5490 had established CVD. Those patients with established CVD were older, more often men, and had longer diabetes duration and worse kidney function than those without. Compared to T2D patients without CVD, those with CVD had a significantly higher healthcare consumption, experienced higher costs, and had lower survival during the follow-up.ConclusionThis study confirms that established CVD is common among patients with T2D (approximately 30%). Established CVD has negative effects on the utilization of healthcare resources, healthcare costs, and mortality. It is therefore very important to improve the treatment strategy of this patient group.
|
|
| 2. |
- Bernfort, Lars, et al.
(författare)
-
Implementation of Empagliflozin in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 and Established Cardiovascular Disease : Estimation of 5-Year Survival and Costs in Sweden
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Diabetes Therapy. - : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 1869-6953 .- 1869-6961. ; 11, s. 2921-2930
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IntroductionCardiovascular disease (CVD) affects approximately 30% of patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2D) and leads to increased morbidity, decreased survival and increased healthcare utilization. The aim of this study was to estimate the impact of treating these patients with the sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor empagliflozin on survival and healthcare utilization.MethodsActual survival and healthcare utilization data from a 5-year retrospective cohort study on patients with T2D and CVD in the Region of Östergötland, Sweden were used as a starting point. Actual data were adjusted in accordance with risk reductions for mortality and CV events related to empagliflozin treatment as reported in the EMPA-REG OUTCOME study.ResultsApplying the risk reductions related to empagliflozin treatment on the cohort of patients with T2D and CVD in Östergötland resulted in an increase in 5-year survival of 96 days per patient and reduced costs for healthcare and drugs other than empagliflozin. Including the cost of empagliflozin, treatment led to an increased net cost per patient of approximately SEK 18,000 over 5 years.ConclusionEmpagliflozin treatment would reduce mortality and healthcare utilization in the patient group. The treatment strategy should be considered cost-effective, supporting a broad implementation of empagliflozin for patients with T2D and established CVD, in line with current national and international guidelines.
|
|
| 3. |
- Bernfort, Lars, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
-
Obstecares AFL-metod för mätning av laktatkoncentration vid avstannat värkarbete : en kostnadsanalys
- 2020
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Ett vanligt problem i samband med förlossningar, inte minst bland förstagångsföderskor, är att värkarbetet avstannar och förlossningen riskerar att dra ut på tiden. Värksvaghet ökar risken för födsel genom instrumentell förlossning eller med akut kejsarsnitt vilket i sin tur ökar risken för komplikationer (t.ex. blödningar).Den vedertagna behandlingen av en värksvaghet är ett användande av Oxytocin, som dock riskerar att överstimulera livmodermuskeln och istället förlänga förlossningstiden. Obstecare har tagit framen smidig, pålitlig och icke-invasiv metod för mätning av laktatnivåer i fostervatten. Med ledning av dessa mätningar kan välgrundade beslut fattas om huruvida oxytocin ska sättas in eller inte vid värksvaghet. Att undvika insättning av oxytocin vid redan höga laktatnivåer skulle leda till färre onödigt långa förlossningar och färre akuta kejsarsnitt och instrumentella förlossningar.För att undersöka huruvida kostnaden för användning av Obstecares AFL-metod uppvägs av inbesparade kostnader till följd av förändringar i förlossningsutfall genomfördes en hälsoekonomisk (kostnads)analys av att använda denna metod på förstföderskor jämfört med att inte göra det. Analysen är begränsad till den vårdepisod då förlossningen sker och till kostnader.De mest framträdande resultaten av analysen var att antalet akuta kejsarsnitt beräknades minska med cirka 30% och instrumentella förlossningar med cirka 12%. Hälso- och sjukvårdens kostnader beräknades minska med 1 662 kronor (-4%) per förlossning med avstannat värkarbete (inräknat kostnad för laktatmätning).Resultatet av denna analys tyder på att mätning av laktatnivåer vid värksvaghet hos förstföderskor är kostnadsbesparande. Tillgänglig evidens tyder på att strategin borde införas i svensk hälso- och sjukvård.
|
|
| 4. |
- Dong, Huan-Ji, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
-
Factors Associated with Life Satisfaction in Older Adults with Chronic Pain (PainS65+)
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Journal of Pain Research. - Macclesfield, United Kingdom : DOVE MEDICAL PRESS LTD. - 1178-7090. ; 13, s. 475-489
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Chronic pain in later life is a worldwide problem. In younger patients, chronic pain affects life satisfaction negatively; however, it is unknown whether this outcome will extend into old age.Objective: This study examines which factors determine life satisfaction in older adults who suffer from chronic pain with respect to socio-demographics, lifestyle behaviors, pain, and comorbidities.Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited a random sample of people ≥ 65 years old living in south-eastern Sweden (N= 6611). A postal survey addressed pain aspects and health experiences. Three domains from the Life Satisfaction Questionnaire (LiSat-11) were used to capture the individual’s estimations of overall satisfaction (LiSat-life), somatic health (LiSat-somhealth), and psychological health (LiSat-psychhealth).Results: Respondents with chronic pain (2790, 76.2± 7.4 years old) rated lower on life satisfaction than those without chronic pain, with medium effect size (ES) on LiSat-somhealth (r = 0.38, P < 0.001) and small ES on the other two domains (r < 0.3). Among the respondents with chronic pain, severe pain (OR 0.29– 0.59) and pain spreading (OR 0.87– 0.95) were inversely associated with all three domains of the LiSat-11. Current smoking, alcohol overconsumption, and obesity negatively affected one or more domains of the LiSat-11. Most comorbidities were negatively related to LiSat-somhealth, and some comorbidities affected the other two domains. For example, having tumour or cancer negatively affected both LiSat-life (OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.44– 0.88) and LiSat-somhealth (OR 0.42, 95% CI 0.24– 0.74). Anxiety or depression disorders had a negative relationship both for LiSat-life (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.38– 0.78) and LiSat-psychhealth (OR 0.10, 95% CI 0.06– 0.14).Conclusion: Older adults with chronic pain reported lower life satisfaction but the difference from their peers without chronic pain was trivial, except for satisfaction with somatic health. Pain management in old age needs to consider comorbidities and severe pain to improve patients’ life satisfaction.
|
|
| 5. |
- Dong, Huan-Ji, et al.
(författare)
-
Pain Catastrophizing in Older Adults with Chronic Pain: The Mediator Effect of Mood Using a Path Analysis Approach
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Medicine. - : MDPI. - 2077-0383. ; 9:7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cognitive models of pain propose that catastrophic thinking is negatively associated with chronic pain. However, pain catastrophizing is a complex phenomenon requiring a multivariate examination. This study estimates the effects of mood variables (anxiety and depression) on pain catastrophizing in older adults with chronic pain. A postal survey addressing pain aspects was sent to 6611 people >= 65 years old living in south-eastern Sweden. Pain catastrophizing was measured using the pain catastrophizing scale. Anxiety and depression were assessed using two subscales of the general well-being schedule. Data were analysed using a path analysis approach. A total of 2790 respondents (76.2 +/- 7.4 years old) reported chronic pain (>= three months). The mediation model accounted for 16.3% of anxiety, 17.1% of depression, and 30.9% of pain catastrophizing variances. Pain intensity, insomnia, number of comorbidities, and lifestyle factors (smoking, alcohol consumption, and weight) significantly affected both pain catastrophizing and mood. Anxiety (standardized path coefficient (b(std)) = 0.324,p< 0.001) in comparison to depression (b(std)= 0.125,p< 0.001) had a greater effect on pain catastrophizing. Mood mediated the relationship between pain catastrophizing and pain-related factors accounting for lifestyle and sociodemographic factors.
|
|
| 6. |
- Dragioti, Elena, et al.
(författare)
-
Association between Participation Activities, Pain Severity, and Psychological Distress in Old Age : A Population-Based Study of Swedish Older Adults
- 2021
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 18:6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although chronic pain is common in old age, previous studies on participation activities in old age seldom consider pain aspects and its related consequences. This study analyses associations between participation activities, pain severity, and psychological distress in an aging population of Swedish older adults (N = 6611). We examined older adults participation in five common leisure activities using the Multidimensional Pain Inventory (MPI), sociodemographic factors, pain severity, weight status, comorbidities, and pain-related psychological distress (anxiety, depression, insomnia severity, and pain catastrophising). We found that gender, body mass index (BMI) levels, and psychological distress factors significantly affected older adults participation in leisure activities. Pain severity and multimorbidity were not significantly associated with older adults participation in leisure activities nor with gender stratification in generalised linear regression models. The potentially modifiable factors, such as high levels of BMI and psychological distress, affected activity participation in men and women differently. Health professionals and social workers should consider gender and target potentially modifiable factors such as weight status and psychological distress to increase older adults participation in leisure activities.
|
|
| 7. |
- Kjellström, Barbro, et al.
(författare)
-
Societal costs associated to chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension : A study utilizing linked national registries
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Pulmonary Circulation. - : WILEY. - 2045-8932 .- 2045-8940. ; 13:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a rare but serious complication after a pulmonary embolism. Healthcare resource utilization (HCRU; hospitalization, outpatient visits, and drug utilization) as well as productivity loss (sick leave and disability pension) before and after the CTEPH diagnosis is sparsely studied. By linking several Swedish national databases, this study estimated the societal costs in a national CTEPH cohort (n = 369, diagnosed with CTEPH in 2008−2019) 5 years before and 5 years after diagnosis (index date) and compared to an age, sex, and geographically matched control group (n = 1845, 1:5 match). HCRU and productivity loss were estimated per patient per year. Patients were stratified as operated with pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA group) or not operated (non-PEA group). Direct and indirect societal costs were 2.1 times higher before, and 8.1 times higher after the index date for patients with CTEPH compared to the matched control groups. The higher costs were evident already several years preceding the index date. The main cost driver before the index date in both the PEA and the non-PEA groups was productivity loss. The productivity loss remained high for both groups in the 5-year period following the index date, but the main cost drivers were prescribed drugs and hospitalizations for patients that underwent PEA and prescribed drugs in the non-PEA group. In conclusion, CTEPH was associated with large societal costs related to healthcare consumption and productivity loss, both before and after diagnosis.
|
|
| 8. |
- Lyth, Johan, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
-
Cost-effectiveness of population screening for atrial fibrillation : the STROKESTOP study
- 2023
-
Ingår i: European Heart Journal. - : Oxford University Press. - 0195-668X .- 1522-9645. ; 3:3, s. 196-204
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims Previous studies on the cost-effectiveness of screening for atrial fibrillation (AF) are based on assumptions of long-term clinical effects. The STROKESTOP study, which randomised 27 975 persons aged 75/76 years into a screening invitation group and a control group, has a median follow-up time of 6.9 years. The aim of this study was to estimate the cost-effectiveness of population-based screening for AF using clinical outcomes. Methods and results The analysis is based on a Markov cohort model. The prevalence of AF, the use of oral anticoagulation, clinical event data, and all-cause mortality were taken from the STROKESTOP study. The cost for clinical events, age-specific utilities, utility decrement due to stroke, and stroke death was taken from the literature. Uncertainty in the model was considered in a probabilistic sensitivity analysis. Per 1000 individuals invited to the screening, there were 77 gained life years and 65 gained quality-adjusted life years. The incremental cost was euro1.77 million lower in the screening invitation group. Gained quality-adjusted life years to a lower cost means that the screening strategy was dominant. The result from 10 000 Monte Carlo simulations showed that the AF screening strategy was cost-effective in 99.2% and cost-saving in 92.7% of the simulations. In the base-case scenario, screening of 1000 individuals resulted in 10.6 [95% confidence interval (CI): -22.5 to 1.4] fewer strokes (8.4 ischaemic and 2.2 haemorrhagic strokes), 1.0 (95% CI: -1.9 to 4.1) more cases of systemic embolism, and 2.9 (95% CI: -18.2 to 13.1) fewer bleedings associated with hospitalization. Conclusion Based on the STROKESTOP study, this analysis shows that a broad AF screening strategy in an elderly population is cost-effective. Efforts should be made to increase screening participation.
|
|
| 9. |
- Runheim, Hannes, et al.
(författare)
-
Societal costs associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension : A study utilizing linked national registries
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Pulmonary Circulation. - : Wiley. - 2045-8932 .- 2045-8940. ; 13:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease with no cure. Healthcare resource utilization (HCRU; hospitalization, outpatient visits, and drug utilization) before diagnosis and productivity loss (sick leave and disability pension) before and after PAH diagnosis are not well known. By linking several Swedish national databases, this study have estimated the societal costs in a national PAH cohort (n = 749, diagnosed with PAH in 2008−2019) 5 years before and 5 years after diagnosis and compared to an age, sex, and geographically matched control group (n = 3745, 1:5 match). HCRU and productivity loss were estimated per patient per year. The PAH group had significantly higher HCRU and productivity loss compared to the control group starting already 3 and 5 years before diagnosis, respectively. HCRU peaked the year after diagnosis in the PAH group with hospitalizations (mean ± standard deviation; 2.0 ± 0.1 vs. 0.2 ± 0.0), outpatient visits (5.3 ± 0.3 vs. 0.9 ± 0.1), and days on sick leave (130 ± 10 vs. 13 ± 1) significantly higher compared to controls. Total costs during the entire 10-year period were six times higher for the PAH group than the control group. In the 5 years before diagnosis the higher costs were driven by productivity loss (76%) and hospitalizations (15%), while the 5 years after diagnosis the main cost drivers were drugs (63%), hospitalizations (16%), and productivity loss (16%). In conclusion, PAH was associated with large societal costs due to high HCRU and productivity loss, starting several years before diagnosis. The economic and clinical burden of PAH suggests that strategies for earlier diagnosis and more effective treatments are warranted.
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
