| 1. |
- Asp, F, et al.
(författare)
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Development of Sound Localization in Infants and Young Children with Cochlear Implants
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of clinical medicine. - : MDPI AG. - 2077-0383. ; 11:22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cochlear implantation as a treatment for severe-to-profound hearing loss allows children to develop hearing, speech, and language in many cases. However, cochlear implants are generally provided beyond the infant period and outcomes are assessed after years of implant use, making comparison with normal development difficult. The aim was to study whether the rate of improvement of horizontal localization accuracy in children with bilateral implants is similar to children with normal hearing. A convenience sample of 20 children with a median age at simultaneous bilateral implantation = 0.58 years (0.42–2.3 years) participated in this cohort study. Longitudinal follow-up of sound localization accuracy for an average of ≈1 year generated 42 observations at a mean age = 1.5 years (0.58–3.6 years). The rate of development was compared to historical control groups including children with normal hearing and with relatively late bilateral implantation (≈4 years of age). There was a significant main effect of time with bilateral implants on localization accuracy (slope = 0.21/year, R2 = 0.25, F = 13.6, p < 0.001, n = 42). No differences between slopes (F = 0.30, p = 0.58) or correlation coefficients (Cohen’s q = 0.28, p = 0.45) existed when comparing children with implants and normal hearing (slope = 0.16/year since birth, p = 0.015, n = 12). The rate of development was identical to children implanted late. Results suggest that early bilateral implantation in children with severe-to-profound hearing loss allows development of sound localization at a similar age to children with normal hearing. Similar rates in children with early and late implantation and normal hearing suggest an intrinsic mechanism for the development of horizontal sound localization abilities.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Eklof, M, et al.
(författare)
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The Development of Sound Localization Latency in Infants and Young Children with Normal Hearing
- 2022
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Ingår i: Trends in hearing. - : SAGE Publications. - 2331-2165. ; 26, s. 23312165221088398-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the advances in eye tracking, saccadic reflexes towards auditory stimuli have become an easily accessible behavioral response. The present study investigated the development of horizontal sound localization latency quantified by saccadic reflexes in infants and young children with normal hearing (0.55 to 5.6 years, n = 22). The subject was seated in front of an array of 12 loudspeaker/display-pairs arranged equidistantly in an arc from −55 to + 55° azimuth. An ongoing auditory-visual stimulus was presented at 63 dB SPL and shifted to another randomly selected pair at 24 occasions. At each shift, the visual part of the stimulus was blanked for 1.6 s providing auditory-only localization cues. A sigmoid model was fitted to the gaze samples following the azimuthal sound shifts. The overall sound localization latency (SLL) for a subject was defined as the mean of the latencies for all trials included by objective criteria. The SLL was assessed in 21 of 22 children with a mean of 6.1 valid trials. The SLL ranged 400 to 1400 ms (mean = 860 ms). An inverse model demonstrated a significant relationship between SLL and age ( R2 = 0.79, p < 0.001), reflecting a distinct reduction of latency with increasing age. No partial correlation between SLL and sound localization accuracy was found when controlling for age ( p = 0.5), suggesting that localization latency may provide diagnostic value beyond accuracy.
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| 4. |
- Johansson, M, et al.
(författare)
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A Prospective Study of Genetic Variants in Infants with Congenital Unilateral Sensorineural Hearing Loss
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of clinical medicine. - : MDPI AG. - 2077-0383. ; 12:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Children with unilateral sensorineural hearing loss (uSNHL) have a high risk of speech-language delays and academic difficulties. Still, challenges remain in the diagnosis of uSNHL. With a prospective cross-sectional design, 20 infants were consecutively recruited from a universal newborn hearing screening program and invited to genetic testing. Eighteen of the subjects agreed to genetic testing, 15 subjects with OtoSCOPE® v.9 screening 224 genes, and four subjects underwent targeted testing, screening for chromosomal abnormalities or 105–137 gene mutations. The genetic results were described together with the 20 infants’ previously published auditory profiles and imaging results. Genetic causes for the uSNHL were found in 28% of subjects (5/18) including CHARGE syndrome (CHD7), autosomal recessive non-syndromic hearing loss (GJB2), Townes–Brocks syndrome (SALL1), Pendred Syndrome (SLC26A4) and Chromosome 8P inverted duplication and deletion syndrome. In subjects with comorbidities (malformation of fingers, anus, brain, and heart), 100% were diagnosed with a genetic cause for uSNHL (3/3 subjects), while 13% (2/15 subjects) were diagnosed without comorbidities observed at birth (p = 0.002). Genetic testing for congenital uSNHL is currently efficient for alleged syndromes, whereas genetic variants for non-syndromic congenital uSNHL need further research.
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