| 1. |
- Brandhagen, Martin, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Alcohol and macronutrient intake patterns are related to general and central adiposity.
- 2012
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Ingår i: European journal of clinical nutrition. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-5640 .- 0954-3007. ; 66, s. 305-313
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/Objectives:Alcohol and dietary fat have high energy densities and may therefore be related to body weight and fat deposition. We studied associations between alcohol and macronutrient intake patterns and general and central adiposity.Subjects/Methods:A population-based cross-sectional study of 524 men and 611 women. The participants answered a dietary questionnaire describing habitual food consumption including intake of alcoholic beverages. Macronutrient intake was analysed in relation to anthropometric measures and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry determined body fat.Results:In women, total alcohol intake was negatively associated with body fat percentage (β:-0.67, P<0.01). In men, total alcohol intake was positively associated with sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD) (β: 0.28, P=0.01). In addition, positive associations were found between intake of alcohol from spirits and body fat percentage (β: 1.17, P<0.05), SAD (β: 0.52, P<0.05) and waist circumference (β: 2.29, P=0.01). In men, protein intake was positively associated with body mass index (BMI) (β: 0.03, P=0.001), body fat percentage (β: 0.04, P<0.05), SAD (β: 0.02, P=0.01) and waist circumference (β: 0.09, P<0.01). Also in men only, negative associations between fat intake and BMI (β: -0.03, P<0.01), SAD (β: -0.02, P<0.05) and waist circumference (β: -0.05, P<0.05) were found.Conclusions:Alcohol intake was inversely associated to relative body fat in women whereas spirits consumption was positively related to central and general obesity in men. Macronutrient intakes, particularly protein and fat, were differently associated with obesity indicators in men versus women. This may reflect a differential effect by gender, or differential obesity related reporting errors in men and women.European Journal of Clinical Nutrition advance online publication, 16 November 2011; doi:10.1038/ejcn.2011.189.
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| 2. |
- Hellgren, Margareta, 1955, et al.
(författare)
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Feasibility of a randomized controlled intervention with physical activity in participants with impaired glucose tolerance recruited by FINDRISC: A pilot study
- 2014
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 42:5, s. 463-470
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: This study aimed to explore the feasibility and effect of an intervention in clinical practice with isolated physical activity in individuals with IGT, recruited by the FINDRISC questionnaire. Methods: The questionnaire was sent to a population of 9734 individuals, 35-75 years old, in Sweden. Those with a risk score >= 15 were encouraged to perform an oral glucose tolerance test. Individuals with IGT were invited to participate in a randomized controlled trial with a focus on physical activity. The participants were allocated to one of three arms; basic intervention, intensive intervention or to care as usual. A total of 52 individuals were carefully examined and questionnaires about diet and lifestyle were completed at baseline and after one year. All analyses were adjusted for differences in age and sex, and calorie intake when relevant. Results: The prevalence of chronic diseases in the study population was high, creating considerable difficulties in conducting a standardized test for fitness. Waist circumference (p=0.020), sagittal diameter (p=0.035), body weight (p=0.038) and BMI (p=0.043) decreased significantly more in the intensive care group than in care as usual and the basic care group. However, the significance was abolished when differences in energy intake were accounted for. Conclusions: In an intention to treat, prospective lifestyle interventions with physical activity are feasible, but a high prevalence of comorbidities needs to be considered. Also, an intervention focused on isolated physical activity inevitably led to changes in diet with weight loss and significant improvement of essential risk factors in spite of the participants' burden of chronic diseases.
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| 4. |
- Kim, Jeong-Lim, et al.
(författare)
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Trends in the prevalence of asthma, rhinitis, and eczema in 15 year old adolescents over an 8 year period
- 2014
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Ingår i: Respiratory Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0954-6111. ; 108:5, s. 701-708
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Trends in prevalence of asthma and allergic diseases are still controversial, and rarely studied among adolescents at midpoint of puberty. Methods: In 2000, a questionnaire was mailed to adolescents (n = 18,158) attending 9th grade at school and living in Vastra Gotaland County, Sweden. Eight years later, the same questionnaire was mailed to adolescents (n = 21,651), using identical inclusion criteria as previously. Altogether, 10,837 adolescents completed the questionnaire in 2000 and 11,754 in 2008. Differences in prevalence of physician diagnosed asthma, asthma symptoms, rhinitis, and eczema between the periods were analyzed by Chi-square test. Multiple logistic regression models were performed to test for trends in prevalence of these diseases, adjusting for potential con-founders. Results: Physician diagnosed asthma and lifetime and current rhinitis were increased in 2008, while wheeze decreased (p < 0.05). Taking sex, foreign descent, body mass index, and parents' education into account, the prevalence of physician diagnosed asthma (OR 1.3 [95% CI 1.2-1.4]) and lifetime (1.7 [1.6-1.8]) and current rhinitis (1.5 [1.4-1.6]) had increased. Eczema had decreased (0.9 [0.8-0.98]). These trends were consistent in boys and girls, but more prominent in those with obesity. In physician diagnosed asthmatics, there was no change in wheeze, asthma symptoms, or asthma medication. Conclusions: The prevalence of physician diagnosed asthma has increased over the last decade, maybe due to combinations of changes in diagnostics and increased general awareness, rather than a real increase. Results showed an increase in rhinitis and a decrease in eczema. Obesity seems to have a modifying effect, which calls for further investigation. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 5. |
- Laurenius, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Changes in eating behaviour and meal pattern following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.
- 2012
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Ingår i: International journal of obesity. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-5497 .- 0307-0565. ; 36:3, s. 348-355
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background:Little is known about eating behaviour and meal pattern subsequent to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), knowledge important for the nutritional care process. The objective of the study was to obtain basic information of how meal size, eating rate, meal frequency and eating behaviour change upon the RYGB surgery.Materials and methods:Voluntary chosen meal size and eating rate were measured in a longitudinal, within subject, cohort study of 43 patients, 31 women and 12 men, age 42.6 (s.d. 9.7) years, body mass index (BMI) 44.5 (4.9) kgm(-2). Thirty-one non-obese subjects, 37.8 (13.6) years, BMI 23.7 (2.7) kgm(-2) served as a reference group. All subjects completed a meal pattern questionnaire and the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ-R21).Results:Six weeks postoperatively meal size was 42% of the preoperative meal size, (P<0.001). After 1 and 2 years, meal size increased but was still lower than preoperative size 57% (P<0.001) and 66% (P<0.001), respectively. Mean meal duration was constant before and after surgery. Mean eating rate measured as amount consumed food per minute was 45% of preoperative eating rate 6 weeks postoperatively (P<0.001). After 1 and 2 years, eating rate increased to 65% (P<0.001) and 72% (P<0.001), respectively, of preoperative rate. Number of meals per day increased from 4.9 (95% confidence interval, 4.4,5.4) preoperatively to 6 weeks: 5.2 (4.9,5.6), (not significant), 1 year 5.8 (5.5,6.1), (P=0.003), and 2 years 5.4 (5.1,5.7), (not significant). Emotional and uncontrolled eating were significantly decreased postoperatively, (both P<0.001 at all-time points), while cognitive restraint was only transiently increased 6 weeks postoperatively (P=0.011).Conclusions:Subsequent to RYGB, patients display markedly changed eating behaviour and meal patterns, which may lead to sustained weight loss.International Journal of Obesity advance online publication, 29 November 2011; doi:10.1038/ijo.2011.217.
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| 7. |
- Philipson, Henriette, 1953, et al.
(författare)
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Salt and fluid restriction is effective in patients with chronic heart failure
- 2013
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Ingår i: European Journal of Heart Failure. - : Wiley. - 1388-9842 .- 1879-0844. ; 15:11, s. 1304-1310
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: European and American guidelines have recommended salt and fluid restriction for patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) despite scarce scientific evidence. Therefore, we investigated the effects of salt and fluid restriction in patients with CHF. METHODS AND RESULTS: Ninety-seven stable patients in NYHA class II-IV, on optimal medication, with previous signs of fluid retention, treated with either >40 mg (NYHA III-IV) or >80 mg (NYHA II-IV) of furosemide daily were randomized to either individualized salt and fluid restriction or information given by the nurse-led heart failure clinics, e.g. be aware not to drink too much and use salt with caution, and followed for 12 weeks. Fluid was restricted to 1.5 L and salt to 5 g daily, and individualized dietary advice and support was given. The 24 h dietary recall procedure, urine collection on three consecutive days, and para-aminobenzoic acid 80 mg t.i.d. was used to assess adherence to diet and completeness of urine collection. The primary endpoint was a composite variable consisting of NYHA class, hospitalization, weight, peripheral oedema, quality of life (QoL), thirst, and diuretics.ResultsAfter 12 weeks, significantly more patients in the intervention than in the control group improved on the composite endpoint (51% vs. 16%; P < 0.001), mostly owing to improved NYHA class and leg oedema. No negative effects were seen on thirst, appetite, or QoL. CONCLUSION: Individualized salt and fluid restriction can improve signs and symptoms of CHF with no negative effects on thirst, appetite, or QoL in patients with moderate to severe CHF and previous signs of fluid retention.
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| 8. |
- Silander, Ewa M, 1952, et al.
(författare)
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Energy intake and sources of nutritional support in patients with head and neck cancer-a randomised longitudinal study.
- 2013
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Ingår i: European journal of clinical nutrition. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-5640 .- 0954-3007. ; 67, s. 47-52
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/objectives:Malnutrition decreases the cancer patient's ability to manage treatment, affects quality of life and survival, and is common among head and neck (HN) cancer patients due to the tumour location and the treatment received. In this study, advanced HN cancer patients were included and followed during 2 years in order to measure their energy intake, choice of energy sources and to assess problems with dysphagia. The main purpose was to explore when and for how long the patients had dysphagia and lost weight due to insufficient intake and if having a PEG (percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy) in place for enteral nutrition made a difference.Subjects/methods:One hundred thirty-four patients were included and randomised to either a prophylactic PEG for early enteral feeding or nutritional care according to clinical praxis. At seven time points weight, dysphagia and energy intake (assessed as oral, nutritional supplements, enteral and parenteral) were measured.Results:Both groups lost weight the first six months due to insufficient energy intake and used enteral nutrition as their main intake source; no significant differences between groups were found. Problems with dysphagia were vast during the 6 months. At the 6-, 12- and 24-month follow-ups both groups reached estimated energy requirements and weight loss ceased. Oral intake was the major energy source after 1 year.Conclusions:HN cancer patients need nutritional support and enteral feeding for a long time period during and after treatment due to insufficient energy intake. A prophylactic PEG did not significantly improve the enteral intake probably due to treatment side effects.European Journal of Clinical Nutrition advance online publication, 21 November 2012; doi:10.1038/ejcn.2012.172.
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