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- Bianchi, Matteo
(författare)
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A microsatellites-based survey on the genetic structure of two Italian local chicken breeds
- 2011
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Ingår i: Italian Journal of Animal Science. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1594-4077 .- 1828-051X. ; 10, s. 205-211
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The biodiversity safeguard is an important goal of poultry production in every developed country. Nowadays, the high chicken meat demand from the world market has been leading to a large spread of strongly producing commercial chicken lines. The creation of these standard types is causing a progressive loss of genetic variability. Ancona and Livorno are two Italian autochthonous chicken breeds which represent a great resource in terms of specific genetic richness. Aim of this study is to investigate the genetic diversity of these breeds as potential valuable genetic variability source. In fact, in spite of their endangered status, these chicken breeds are very appreciated for their ability to adapt themselves to extensive organic rearing systems. Blood samples from 131 individuals were collected and genotyped through a thirty microsatellites-based analysis. All the observed descriptive statistical indexes suggested a heterozygosity deficiency and an inbreeding level (mean observed heterozygosity = 0.46, mean expected heterozygosity = 0.53, F(is) in Ancona and Livorno = 0.251 and 0.086). The tree from inter-individual D(AS) distance using Neighbour-Joining algorithm and the FCA analysis showed a higher internal variability in Livorno than in Ancona. STRUCTURE analysis showed the genetic uniqueness of the breeds and the presence of sub-groups in Ancona originating from a possible genetic isolation. This research could be a suitable starting point to set up improved selection schemes and a potential preliminary genotypic test for all the cocks to be used in the selection.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Bianchi, Matteo, et al.
(författare)
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Restoration of anti-Aspergillus defense by neutrophil extracellular traps in human chronic granulomatous disease after gene therapy is calprotectin-dependent
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0091-6749 .- 1097-6825. ; 127:5, s. 1243-1252 e.7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Aspergillus spp infection is a potentially lethal disease in patients with neutropenia or impaired neutrophil function. We showed previously that Aspergillus hyphae, too large for neutrophil phagocytosis, are inhibited by reactive oxygen species-dependent neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation. This process is defective in chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) because of impaired phagocyte nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase function.OBJECTIVE: To determine the antifungal agent and mechanism responsible for reconstitution of Aspergillus growth inhibition within NETs after complementation of NADPH oxidase function by gene therapy (GT) for CGD.METHODS: Antifungal activity of free and NET-released calprotectin was assessed by incubation of Aspergillus nidulans with purified calprotectin, induced NETs from human controls, and CGD neutrophils after GT in the presence or absence of Zn(2+) or alpha-S100A9 antibody, and with induced NETs from wild-type or S100A9(-/-) mouse neutrophils.RESULTS: We identified the host Zn(2+) chelator calprotectin as a neutrophil-associated antifungal agent expressed within NETs, reversibly preventing A nidulans growth at low concentrations, and leading to irreversible fungal starvation at higher concentrations. Specific antibody-blocking and Zn(2+) addition abolished calprotectin-mediated inhibition of A nidulans proliferation in vitro. The role of calprotectin in anti-Aspergillus defense was confirmed in calprotectin knockout mice.CONCLUSION: Reconstituted NET formation by GT for human CGD was associated with rapid cure of pre-existing therapy-refractory invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in vivo, underlining the role of functional NADPH oxidase in NET formation and calprotectin release for antifungal activity. These results demonstrate the critical role of calprotectin in human innate immune defense against Aspergillus infection.
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| 4. |
- Gobbi, Emanuela, et al.
(författare)
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Electronic nose and Alicyclobacillus spp. spoilage of fruit juices: An emerging diagnostic tool
- 2010
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Ingår i: Food Control. - : Elsevier BV. - 0956-7135 .- 1873-7129. ; 21:10, s. 1374-1382
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The application of an electronic nose equipped with a Metal Oxide Semiconductor sensor array for the detection of Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris and A. acidocaldarius artificially inoculated in peach, orange and apple fruit juices is described in this study. Overall the system was able to detect the presence of Alicyclobacillus spp. in all the tested fruit juices at 24 h from inoculation. The electronic nose could detect bacterial concentration as low as <10(2) colony forming unit/ml and it was also able to classify bacterial contamination independently of the Alicyclobacillus species. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry characterization of the volatile profile of orange juices confirmed the existence of quantitatively different patterns between contaminated and uncontaminated samples.
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