| 1. |
- Lembrechts, Jonas J., et al.
(författare)
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Global maps of soil temperature
- 2022
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Ingår i: Global Change Biology. - : Wiley. - 1354-1013 .- 1365-2486. ; 28:9, s. 3110-3144
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at a 1-km2 resolution for 0–5 and 5–15cm soil depth. These maps were created by calculating the difference (i.e. offset) between in situ soil temperature measurements, based on time series from over 1200 1-km2 pixels (summarized from 8519 unique temperature sensors) across all the world's major terrestrial biomes, and coarse-grained air temperature estimates from ERA5-Land (an atmospheric reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). We show that mean annual soil temperature differs markedly from the corresponding gridded air temperature, by up to 10°C (mean=3.0±2.1°C), with substantial variation across biomes and seasons. Over the year, soils in cold and/or dry biomes are substantially warmer (+3.6±2.3°C) than gridded air temperature, whereas soils in warm and humid environments are on average slightly cooler (−0.7±2.3°C). The observed substantial and biome-specific offsets emphasize that the projected impacts of climate and climate change on near-surface biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are inaccurately assessed when air rather than soil temperature is used, especially in cold environments. The global soil-related bioclimatic variables provided here are an important step forward for any application in ecology and related disciplines. Nevertheless, we highlight the need to fill remaining geographic gaps by collecting more in situ measurements of microclimate conditions to further enhance the spatiotemporal resolution of global soil temperature products for ecological applications.
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| 2. |
- Lembrechts, Jonas J., et al.
(författare)
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SoilTemp : A global database of near-surface temperature
- 2020
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Ingår i: Global Change Biology. - : Wiley. - 1354-1013 .- 1365-2486. ; 26:11, s. 6616-6629
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Current analyses and predictions of spatially explicit patterns and processes in ecology most often rely on climate data interpolated from standardized weather stations. This interpolated climate data represents long-term average thermal conditions at coarse spatial resolutions only. Hence, many climate-forcing factors that operate at fine spatiotemporal resolutions are overlooked. This is particularly important in relation to effects of observation height (e.g. vegetation, snow and soil characteristics) and in habitats varying in their exposure to radiation, moisture and wind (e.g. topography, radiative forcing or cold-air pooling). Since organisms living close to the ground relate more strongly to these microclimatic conditions than to free-air temperatures, microclimatic ground and near-surface data are needed to provide realistic forecasts of the fate of such organisms under anthropogenic climate change, as well as of the functioning of the ecosystems they live in. To fill this critical gap, we highlight a call for temperature time series submissions to SoilTemp, a geospatial database initiative compiling soil and near-surface temperature data from all over the world. Currently, this database contains time series from 7,538 temperature sensors from 51 countries across all key biomes. The database will pave the way toward an improved global understanding of microclimate and bridge the gap between the available climate data and the climate at fine spatiotemporal resolutions relevant to most organisms and ecosystem processes.
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| 3. |
- Axberg Pålsson, Sandra, et al.
(författare)
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Single-Stranded Oligonucleotide-Mediated Inhibition of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection
- 2020
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Immunology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-3224. ; 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of acute lower respiratory tract infections in young children. Currently, there is no RSV vaccine or universally accessible antiviral treatment available. Addressing the urgent need for new antiviral agents, we have investigated the capacity of a non-coding single-stranded oligonucleotide (ssON) to inhibit RSV infection. By utilizing a GFP-expressing RSV, we demonstrate that the ssON significantly reduced the proportion of RSV infected A549 cells (lung epithelial cells). Furthermore, we show that ssON's antiviral activity was length dependent and that both RNA and DNA of this class of oligonucleotides have antiviral activity. We reveal that ssON inhibited RSV infection by competing with the virus for binding to the cellular receptor nucleolin in vitro. Additionally, using a recombinant RSV that expresses luciferase we show that ssON effectively blocked RSV infection in mice. Treatment with ssON in vivo resulted in the upregulation of RSV-induced interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) such as Stat1, Stat2, Cxcl10, and Ccl2. This study highlights the possibility of using oligonucleotides as therapeutic agents against RSV infection. We demonstrate that the mechanism of action of ssON is the inhibition of viral entry in vitro, likely through the binding of the receptor, nucleolin and that ssON treatment against RSV infection in vivo additionally results in the upregulation of ISGs.
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| 4. |
- B Jensen, Irene, et al.
(författare)
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Promoting Evidence-Based Practice for Improved Occupational Safety and Health at Workplaces in Sweden. Report on a Practice-Based Research Network Approach.
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 17:15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite the rapid growth in research and R&D expenditures, the translation of research into practice is limited. One approach to increase the translation and utilization of research is practice based research networks. With the aim of strengthening evidence-based practice (EBP) within occupational health services in Sweden (OH-Services), a practice-based research network (PBRN-OSH) was developed. The PBRN-OSH includes researchers and representatives from end-users. This paper reports on the development, outputs and lessons learned in the PBRN-OSH. The PBRN-OSH resulted in several practice-based research projects as well as different measures to ensure EBP in OSH such as the governmentally sanctioned national guidelines for the OH-services. Moreover, results show that the competence in EBP increased among practitioners at the OH-services. Conducting research in a PBRN is more resource demanding; however, this does not imply that it is less cost effective. To succeed in increasing the utility of research findings via PBRN, resources must be invested into an infrastructure that supports collaboration in the PBRN, including costs for a variety of means of dissemination. Further, translation activities need to be included in academic career paths and reward systems if a major improvement in the impact and return of investments from research is to be expected.
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| 5. |
- Ballin, Marcel, et al.
(författare)
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Digital exercise interventions for improving measures of central obesity : a systematic review
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Public Health. - : Springer Nature. - 1661-8556 .- 1661-8564. ; 65:5, s. 593-605
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: We aimed to systematically review the potential benefits of digital exercise interventions for improving measures of central obesity including visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and anthropometric surrogates for VAT in overweight or centrally obese adults aged 18 or over.Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in three databases up until March 2020 (PROSPERO registration nr CRD42019126764).Results: N = 5 studies including 438 participants (age 48–80) with body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2 met the eligibility criteria and were included. The duration of the interventions ranged from 8 to 24 weeks. No study measured the primary outcome VAT, although in N = 4 studies, waist circumference (WC) decreased by between 1.3 and 5.6 cm in the intervention groups.Conclusions: This systematic review shows that there is no evidence for the effects of digital exercise on VAT, although digital exercise may decrease WC. These findings highlight the need for additional randomized controlled trials to confirm the findings with respect to WC, and to further investigate the effects of digital exercise on VAT. Together, this may have important implications for reducing the burden of physical inactivity and obesity.
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| 6. |
- Ballin, Marcel, et al.
(författare)
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Web-based exercise versus supervised exercise for decreasing visceral adipose tissue in older adults with central obesity : a randomized controlled trial
- 2020
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Ingår i: BMC Geriatrics. - : BioMed Central. - 1471-2318. ; 20:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is a strong risk factor for cardiovascular disease and increases with age. While supervised exercise (SE) may be an effective approach, web-based exercise (WE) have other advantages such as being more readily accessible. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of WE on VAT, body composition and cardiometabolic risk markers in centrally obese older adults and compared the effects of WE to SE. We also explored the feasibility of WE.METHODS: In a randomized controlled trial conducted in Umeå, Sweden during January 2018 - November 2018, N = 77, 70-year-old men and women with central obesity (> 1 kg VAT for women, > 2 kg for men) were randomized to an intervention group (n = 38) and a wait-list control group (n = 39). The intervention group received 10 weeks of SE while the wait-list control group lived as usual. Following a 10-week wash-out-period, the wait-list control group received 10 weeks of WE. The primary outcome was changes in VAT. Secondary outcomes included changes in fat mass (FM), lean body mass (LBM), blood lipids, fasting blood glucose. Additionally, we explored the feasibility of WE defined as adherence and participant experiences.RESULTS: WE had no significant effect on VAT (P = 0.5), although it decreased FM by 450 g (95% confidence interval [CI], 37 to 836, P < 0.05). The adherence to WE was 85% and 87-97% of the participants rated aspects of the WE intervention > 4 on a scale of 1-5. Comparing SE to WE, there was no significant difference in decrease of VAT (Cohen's δ effect size [ES], 0.5, 95% CI, - 24 to 223, P = 0.11), although SE decreased FM by 619 g (ES, 0.5, 95% CI, 22 to 1215, P < 0.05) compared to WE.CONCLUSIONS: Ten weeks of vigorous WE is insufficient to decrease VAT in centrally obese older adults, but sufficient to decrease FM while preserving LBM. The high adherence and positive experiences of the WE intervention implies that it could serve as an alternative exercise strategy for older adults with central obesity, with increased availability for a larger population.TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03450655), retrospectively registered February 28, 2018.
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| 7. |
- Björk, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Incidence of diabetes mellitus and effect on mortality in adults with congenital heart disease
- 2024
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Ingår i: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY. - 0167-5273 .- 1874-1754. ; 401
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Worldwide, 1-2% of children are born with congenital heart disease (CHD) with 97% reaching adulthood. Objectives: This study aims to demonstrate the risk of diabetes in patients with CHD, and the influence of incident diabetes on mortality in CHD patients and controls. Methods: By combining data from patient registries, the incidence of adult -onset diabetes registered at age 35 or older, and subsequent mortality risk were analysed in two successive birth cohorts (born in 1930-1959 and 1960-1983), by type of CHD lesion and sex, compared with population -based controls matched for sex and year of birth and followed until a maximum of 87 years of age. Results: Out of 24,699 patients with CHD and 270,961 controls, 8.4% and 5.6%, respectively, were registered with a diagnosis of diabetes at the age of 35 or older, hazard ratio (HR) 1.47 (95% CI 1.40-1.54). The risk of diabetes was higher in the second birth cohort (HR of 1.74, 95% CI 1.54-1.95) and increased with complexity of CHD. After onset of DM, the total mortality among patients with CHD was 475 compared to 411/ 10,000 personyears among controls (HR 1.16, 95% CI 1.07-1.25). Conclusions: In this nationwide cohort of patients with CHD and controls, the incidence of diabetes was almost 50% higher in patients with CHD, with higher risk in the most recent birth cohort and in those with conotruncal defects, with the combination of CHD and diabetes associated with a significantly increased mortality compared to diabetic controls.
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| 8. |
- Björk, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Incidence of Type 1 diabetes mellitus and effect on mortality in young patients with congenital heart defect – A nationwide cohort study
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-5273. ; 310, s. 58-63
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: 1% of all live born children are born with a congenital heart defect (CHD) and currently 95% reach adulthood. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disease that can develop due to i.e. heredity, exposure to infections and stress-strain. The incidence of T1DM in patients with CHD is unknown and we analysed the risk of developing T1DM for patients with CHD, and how this influences mortality. Methods: By combining registries, the incidence of T1DM and the mortality was analysed in patients with CHD by birth cohort (1970–1993, 1970–1984 and 1984–1993) matched with population-based controls matched for sex, county and year of birth without CHD and followed from birth until a maximum of 42 years. Results: 221 patients with T1DM among 21,982 patients with CHD and 1553 patients with T1DM among 219,816 matched controls were identified. The hazard ratio (HR) for developing T1DM was 1.50 (95%, CI 1.31–1.73) in patients with CHD compared to the controls and the first birth cohort (1970–1984) had the highest risk for T1DM, HR 1.87 (95%, CI 1.56–2.24). After onset, mortality risk was 4.21 times higher (95%, CI 2.40–7.37) in patients with CHD and T1DM compared to controls with T1DM. Conclusion: From a nationwide cohort of patients with CHD and controls, the incidence of developing T1DM was 50% higher in patients with CHD, showing a significant increase in risk among birth cohort 1970–1984. The combination of CHD and T1DM was associated with a 4-fold increase in mortality compared to controls with only T1DM. © 2020
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| 9. |
- Björk, Folke, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
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Uppdrag byggskador:Riskbedömning för att undvika problem i byggprojekt : Slutrapport av ett uppdrag från Boverket
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sammanfattningsvis kan det sägas att det är nödvändigt att samla in erfarenheter av fel och misslyckanden för att risker ska kunna bedömas. Det behövs också människor med rika erfarenheter och stort engagemang för att arbetet ska kunna gå vidare med värdering av riskerna och förslag på metoder för att undvika olyckor och skador. Detta är också resurskrävande. I avsnitt 10 presenteras ett försök till riskanalys för vattenskador med hjälp av en Feleffektanalys.Det finns i vissa fall motiv för samhällets företrädare att begära kontroller för att säkerställa att en byggnad uppfyller samhällskraven. Det finns också många sammanhang som i och för sig ger skador och olyckor men där byggherrar och fastighetsägare inte kan förvänta sig att samhället ska efterfråga kontroller. En tanke i sammanhanget är att eftersom brukare av byggnader kan medverka till att skador uppkommer genom att vara nonchalera varningstecken och att hantera byggnaden vårdslöst så är det klokt att utforma kritiska delar av byggnaden så att de är robusta och tål att behandlas även på ett klumpigt sätt. Vår reflektion efter att ha gått igenom vittnesmål om skador och olyckor i byggandet är att fel kan uppkomma under alla faser av en byggprocess, men det kan dröja innan de blir upptäckta. Felet eller misslyckandet kan hända under projektering och upptäckas genast eller under byggprocess, garantitid eller förvaltningsskede. Felet eller misslyckandet kan också hända under byggprocessen och kan upptäckas genast eller under garantitid eller förvaltningsskede. Kontroller bör göras på ett sätt så att skador och olyckor inte inträffar.Givet att det övergripande målet är att undvika byggskador tror vi att coachande frågor är en användbar arbetsmodell. Rätt utformade skulle sådana frågor kunna läsas av aktörer på flera olika nivåer och i olika roller. Tanken är att frågorna skall leda till reflektion och på så sätt vara till hjälp för att få exempelvis en byggherre med bristande erfarenhet att undvika misstag.Vi tror att feleffektanalys är ett användbart hjälpmedel för att sortera tankarna kring vad som en byggnadsnämnd ska ha fokus på. Eftersom antalet kontroller här är begränsat så gäller det att skilja mellan det som är mycket viktigt och det som är mindre viktigt. Att ta fram ett riskprioriteringstal är då nyttigt.En byggnadsnämnd kan samla in information som visar om det finns särskilda risker anknutna till en byggherre. Detta kräver dock resurserByggnader kännetecknas av att vara komplexa objekt som varar under lång tid. Vanligen längre än en människas livslängd. De kommer också att påverka samhället, särskilt om de inte fungerar som avsett. Därför är det viktigt att samhället gör kontroller av byggandet.
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| 10. |
- Björk, Linnea, et al.
(författare)
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Amino-Acid Side-Chain Nanoarchitectonics for Tuning the Chiroptical Properties and Supramolecular Structure of Pentameric Oligothiophenes
- 2024
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Ingår i: ChemPhotoChem. - : WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH. - 2367-0932.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Oligothiophenes with specific photophysical properties and molecular organization are of great interest, since this class of materials are used in organic electronics and bioelectronics, as well as biosensing. Herein, 8 different pentameric oligothiophenes, denoted proteophenes, with different amino acid substitution patterns at distinct positions along the thiophene backbone were investigated. Spectroscopic and microscopic studies of the ligands revealed the formation of optically active self-assembled materials under acidic or basic conditions. The distinct photophysical characteristics, including induced circular dichroism, as well as the supramolecular structures of the assemblies deduced from light scattering and transmission electron microscopy, were highly influenced by the positioning of distinct amino acid moieties along the thiophene backbone. Proteophenes functionalized with only glutamate residues or these functionalities in combination with hydrophobic valine moieties formed fibrillar structures with excellent chiroptical properties under acidic conditions. In addition, the amino acid functionality at the beta-position of distinct thiophene moieties influenced the induced circular dichroism pattern observed from the proteophenes. Overall, the obtained results demonstrate how changes in the position of various amino acid functionalities, as well as the chemical nature of the amino acid side chain functionality greatly affect the optical properties as well as the architecture of the self-assembled materials. Self-assembled Proteophenes. Oligothiophenes with distinct amino acid side-chain functionalities along the conjugated backbone displayed distinct chiroptical and structural properties in acidic or alkaline solutions. The distinct photophysical characteristics, as well as the supramolecular structures of the assemblies were highly influenced by the chemical nature of the amino acid, as well as the positioning of distinct amino acid moieties along the thiophene backbone.image
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