| 1. |
- Björkander, Janne, et al.
(författare)
-
Intravenous immunoglobulin and hepatitis C virus: the Scandinavian experience
- 1996
-
Ingår i: Clinical Therapeutics. - 0149-2918. ; 18:Suppl 2, s. 73-82
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Sweden, 44 patients were reported to have contracted hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections from treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin. Gammagard was the product implicated in HCV transmission in 12 patients; 8 of these 12 patients were HCV ribonucleic acid (RNA)-negative during the 2 years before Gammagard was administered and 10 showed clustering by sequencing of the HCV core gene. Further studies are being conducted to correlate the sequenced HCV RNA with specific batches of Gammagard. Nine patients who received Gammonativ in 1983 and 1984 had a strong time-related possibility of HCV infection. Sequencing analyses are being performed in these patients as is being done for the patients who received Gammagard. Another 21 patients who received Gammonativ from 1982 to 1985 are probably infected with HCV, but confirmation of implicated batches is lacking. The association between Sandoglobulin and HCV is questionable in two patients, although plausible because of a time relationship. In Norway, relationships between Gammonativ and the incidence of HCV infection are similar to those in the 21 sporadic cases in Sweden. Also in Denmark and Finland, HCV infection appears to be related to the lack of additional viral inactivation steps used in the preparation of intravenous immunoglobulin. Clearly, there is a need for increased antiviral inactivation and antiviral screening in the production of intravenous immunoglobulin products.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Hahn-Zoric, M, et al.
(författare)
-
Variable increases of IgG and IgM antibodies in milk of IgA deficient women.
- 1997
-
Ingår i: Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology. - 0905-6157. ; 8:3, s. 127-33
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Serum, milk and saliva from seven IgA deficient mothers were studied for the presence of IgA, IgG and IgM antibodies to Escherichia coli and poliovirus antigens. Different variable patterns were obtained. One mother had very much increased IgM and IgG antibodies in milk and saliva against both antigens; the milk IgG antibodies were 11-14 times higher than the reference milk pool. Another mother showed also striking increases of both IgM and IgG antibodies in milk, as well as in saliva where the increases were much higher for the poliovirus than the E. coli antibodies. Yet another mother showed a certain increase of IgM but not of IgG antibodies in the milk. The uneven appearance of IgG and IgM antibodies in serum and secretions suggests local production. So do the differences of antibody avidities, the variations in IgG subclass distribution of antibodies and different patterns after isoelectric focusing (IEF)/immunoblotting analysis of antibody spectrotypes in secretions and serum. The study illustrates the variable patterns of compensatory increases of IgG and IgM antibodies which may occur in IgA deficiency. It also shows that the milk from IgA deficient mothers can still be rich in antibodies, in spite of the lack of secretory IgA.
|
|
