| 1. |
- Dunnett, S. B, et al.
(författare)
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Mechanisms and use of neural transplants for brain repair
- 2017
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Ingår i: Functional Neural Transplantation IV Translation to Clinical Application, Part A. - : Elsevier. - 9780128117385 ; 230, s. 1-51
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Under appropriate conditions, neural tissues transplanted into the adult mammalian brain can survive, integrate, and function so as to influence the behavior of the host, opening the prospect of repairing neuronal damage, and alleviating symptoms associated with neuronal injury or neurodegenerative disease. Alternative mechanisms of action have been postulated: nonspecific effects of surgery; neurotrophic and neuroprotective influences on disease progression and host plasticity; diffuse or locally regulated pharmacological delivery of deficient neurochemicals, neurotransmitters, or neurohormones; restitution of the neuronal and glial environment necessary for proper host neuronal support and processing; promoting local and long-distance host and graft axon growth; formation of reciprocal connections and reconstruction of local circuits within the host brain; and up to full integration and reconstruction of fully functional host neuronal networks. Analysis of neural transplants in a broad range of anatomical systems and disease models, on simple and complex classes of behavioral function and information processing, have indicated that all of these alternative mechanisms are likely to contribute in different circumstances. Thus, there is not a single or typical mode of graft function; rather grafts can and do function in multiple ways, specific to each particular context. Consequently, to develop an effective cell-based therapy, multiple dimensions must be considered: the target disease pathogenesis; the neurodegenerative basis of each type of physiological dysfunction or behavioral symptom; the nature of the repair required to alleviate or remediate the functional impairments of particular clinical relevance; and identification of a suitable cell source or delivery system, along with the site and method of implantation, that can achieve the sought for repair and recovery.
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| 2. |
- Babst, F., et al.
(författare)
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When tree rings go global: Challenges and opportunities for retro- and prospective insight
- 2018
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Ingår i: Quaternary Science Reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 0277-3791. ; 197, s. 1-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The demand for large-scale and long-term information on tree growth is increasing rapidly as environmental change research strives to quantify and forecast the impacts of continued warming on forest ecosystems. This demand, combined with the now quasi-global availability of tree-ring observations, has inspired researchers to compile large tree-ring networks to address continental or even global-scale research questions. However, these emergent spatial objectives contrast with paleo-oriented research ideas that have guided the development of many existing records. A series of challenges related to how, where, and when samples have been collected is complicating the transition of tree rings from a local to a global resource on the question of tree growth. Herein, we review possibilities to scale tree-ring data (A) from the sample to the whole tree, (B) from the tree to the site, and (C) from the site to larger spatial domains. Representative tree-ring sampling supported by creative statistical approaches is thereby key to robustly capture the heterogeneity of climate-growth responses across forested landscapes. We highlight the benefits of combining the temporal information embedded in tree rings with the spatial information offered by forest inventories and earth observations to quantify tree growth and its drivers. In addition, we show how the continued development of mechanistic tree-ring models can help address some of the non-linearities and feedbacks that complicate making inference from tree-ring data. By embracing scaling issues, the discipline of dendrochronology will greatly increase its contributions to assessing climate impacts on forests and support the development of adaptation strategies. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd
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| 3. |
- Ganvir, Ashish, 1991-, et al.
(författare)
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A Facile Approach to Deposit Graphenaceous Composite Coatings by Suspension Plasma Spraying
- 2019
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Ingår i: Coatings. - : MDPI AG. - 2079-6412. ; 9:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper demonstrates, for the first time ever, the deposition of graphenaceous composite coatings using an easy, yet robust, suspension plasma spraying (SPS) process. As a case study, a composite coating comprising 8 wt.% of yttria-stabilized-zirconia (8YSZ) and reinforced with graphene oxide (GO) was deposited on a steel substrate. The coatings were sprayed using an 8YSZ-GO mixed suspension with varied plasma spray parameters. Establishing the possibility of retaining the graphene in a ceramic matrix using SPS was of specific interest. Electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy confirmed the presence of graphenaceous material distributed throughout the coating in the 8YSZ matrix. The experimental results discussed in this work confirm that SPS is an immensely attractive pathway to incorporate a graphenaceous material into virtually any matrix material and can potentially have major implications in enabling the deposition of large-area graphene-containing coatings for diverse functional applications.
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| 4. |
- Hansen, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Animal manure separation technologies diminish the environmental burden of steroid hormones
- 2015
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Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology Letters. - : American Chemical Society. - 2328-8930. ; 2:4, s. 133-137
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Newly developed treatment technologies are capable of separating livestock manure into a liquid fraction and a solid fraction using sedimentation, mechanical, and/or chemical methods. These technologies offer a potential means of distributing nutrients to agricultural lands without the unwanted environmental risks associated with the release of steroid hormones to adjacent waterways. To assess the potential benefit of these technologies in reducing the level of release of steroid hormones to adjacent waterways, distribution profiles of nine steroid hormones (pregnenolone, progesterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, androstenedione, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, estrone, 17α-estradiol, and 17β-estradiol) were determined in raw swine manure, and in solid and liquid fractions separated from ten full-scale manure separation systems. Steroid hormone concentrations, normalized for nitrogen content, were significantly higher in separated solids than in liquids. If separated liquids are applied instead of raw manure, steroid hormone loading can be reduced by a factor of 2 at a constant nitrogen fertilization level.
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| 5. |
- Kaiser, A., et al.
(författare)
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Pharmaceutical consumption patterns in four coastal regions of the South Baltic Sea : Germany, Sweden, Poland and Lithuania
- 2019
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This report of MORPHEUS Project Partners documents the outcome of WP3 – consumption patterns. Herein, the project aims to identify and quantify the emission of selected pharmaceuticals especially discharged via wastewater of WWTP. A comprehensive data research was performed and prioritized pharmaceutical consumption loads have been calculated for the model areas in Lithuania, Poland, Sweden and Germany. The outcome of this report can be summarized in the following key facts: 1. Consumption data is based on either sales data of wholesalers/pharmacies or data from health care institutions. The unit of consumption is number of reimbursed packages andDDD, respectively. 2. The resolution and data coverage (only partly including OTC, hospital etc.) is country- specific: The best time-resolution was found in Poland (monthly), the best spatial resolution in Lithuania (population group <3000). 3. Country-specific consumption was comparable by a developed value intake load per inhabitant per year. 4. For Swedish and German data, a comparison of different distributing sites of pharmaceuticals was possible (over the counter sales, application in hospitals, prescriptions/pharmacies). 5. For Lithuanian data, the high spatial resolution enabled a potential correlation with the local demographic data in regard of consumption of beta blocking pharmaceuticals. 6. For Polish data, a seasonal variation can be clearly shown for antibiotics. 7. For German data, an accumulation within the river catchment shows that a complete picture of the whole system is essential to understand the actual burden of pharmaceuticals in the environment. 8. Comparing the model areas, all results have been in the same order of magnitude more or less depending on consumption and doses. Metformin and diverse analgesics revealed high intake loads. In general, mostlyGerman intake loads exceed the others which may lies in the fact that the selection of pharmaceuticals is mostly based on German literature and statistics due to availability/accessibility. An adjustment to each country-specific list may lead to other results. 9. Some substances remain unclear: Contrast media and hormones are still a matter of burden to the environment but caused some difficulties during data collection andresearch.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Kotur, M, et al.
(författare)
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PHOTOCATHODE LASER PULSE SHAPING FOR IMPROVED EMITTANCE
- 2018
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 29th Linear Accelerator Conference, LINAC 2018. - 9783954501946 ; , s. 84-86
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a setup for producing and characterizing picosecond ultraviolet laser pulses for use in the MAX IV photocathode electron gun preinjector. Frequency-tripled laser pulses from a commercial laser system are shaped directly in the ultraviolet domain using a Fourier-domain pulse shaper. The pulses were characterized using a transient grating FROG. We discuss a proposed upgrade of the pulse shaper, as well as its limitations.
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| 8. |
- Kotur, M, et al.
(författare)
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Pulse shaping at the MAX IV photoelectron gun laser
- 2017
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Ingår i: IPAC 2017 - Proceedings of the 8th International Particle Accelerator Conference. - 9783954501823 - 9783954501823 ; , s. 1541-1543
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A motivation for the development of a versatile, programmable source of shaped picosecond pulses for use in photocathode electron gun preinjectors is presented. We present the experimental setup for arbitrary longitudinal pusle shaping of the MAX IV photocathode gun laser. The setup consists of a grating-based Fourier-domain shaper capable of stretching the pulses directly in the UV domain. Preliminary results are presented and discussed.
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| 9. |
- Lindau, F, et al.
(författare)
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MAX IV Photocathode Gun Laser System Specification and Diagnostics
- 2017
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Ingår i: IPAC 2017 - Proceedings of the 8th International Particle Accelerator Conference. - 9783954501823 - 9783954501823 ; , s. 1544-1546
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The MAXIV injector has two guns - a thermionic used for ring injections, and a photocathode used for short pulse facility operation. A commercial Ti:sapphire laser from KMLabs drives the copper based photocathode gun. It has been running without major issues for more than 3 years. The laser delivers up to §I{500}{\textmu J} on the cathode at the third harmonic, §I{263}{nm}, via a vacuum laser transport system. To achieve the desired pulse duration of 2–§I10{ps} the laser pulses, originally ~§I{100}{fs} long, are stretched with a prism pair and the resulting §I{1.5}{ps} pulses stacked by a series of birefringent \textalpha -BBO crystals. Diagnostics consist of photodiodes, spectrometers, and cameras. Longitudinal pulse characterization is done with a cross correlator and a UV FROG.
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| 10. |
- Rosenblad, Carl, et al.
(författare)
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Vector-mediated l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine delivery reverses motor impairments in a primate model of Parkinson's disease
- 2019
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Ingår i: Brain : a journal of neurology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1460-2156. ; , s. 2402-2416
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ever since its introduction 40 years ago l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA) therapy has retained its role as the leading standard medication for patients with Parkinson's disease. With time, however, the shortcomings of oral l-DOPA treatment have become apparent, particularly the motor fluctuations and troublesome dyskinetic side effects. These side effects, which are caused by the excessive swings in striatal dopamine caused by intermittent oral delivery, can be avoided by delivering l-DOPA in a more continuous manner. Local gene delivery of the l-DOPA synthesizing enzymes, tyrosine hydroxylase and guanosine-tri-phosphate-cyclohydrolase-1, offers a new approach to a more refined dopaminergic therapy where l-DOPA is delivered continuously at the site where it is needed i.e. the striatum. In this study we have explored the therapeutic efficacy of adeno-associated viral vector-mediated l-DOPA delivery to the putamen in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-treated rhesus monkeys, the standard non-human primate model of Parkinson's disease. Viral vector delivery of the two enzymes, tyrosine hydroxylase and guanosine-5'-tri-phosphate-cyclohydrolase-1, bilaterally into the dopamine-depleted putamen, induced a significant, dose-dependent improvement of motor behaviour up to a level identical to that obtained with the optimal dose of peripheral l-DOPA. Importantly, this improvement in motor function was obtained without any adverse dyskinetic effects. These results provide proof-of-principle for continuous vector-mediated l-DOPA synthesis as a novel therapeutic strategy for Parkinson's disease. The constant, local supply of l-DOPA obtained with this approach holds promise as an efficient one-time treatment that can provide long-lasting clinical improvement and at the same time prevent the appearance of motor fluctuations and dyskinetic side effects associated with standard oral dopaminergic medication.
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