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- Genevskiy, Vladislav, et al.
(författare)
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Water sorption properties and nanostructures of airway mucus in patients with COPD and cystic fibrosis
- 2022
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Ingår i: European Respiratory Journal. - : EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY SOC JOURNALS LTD. - 0903-1936 .- 1399-3003. ; 60:Suppl 66
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Muco-obstructive diseases lead to hypersecretion, changing the airway mucus properties, and impairing mucociliary transport, resulting in mucostasis, and increasing infection likelihood. Mucin structure may determine the water sorption properties of mucus and play a role in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cystic fibrosis (CF).Objectives: Investigate the sorption properties and mucin nanostructures in mucus collected from healthy, COPD and CF airways.Methods: To investigate mucin nanostructures, small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used. Sorption properties were determined by quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D). Cell-culture (cc) samples from healthy airway mucus (HAM), COPD and CF cultures, and patient HAM from endotracheal tubes and COPD from bronchoscopy were used. Patient mucus was oven-dried at 80°C for the solids content.Results: SAXS and AFM revealed mucin monomers with typical dumbbell structures and varying chain lengths, CF mucins having the shortest chain lengths. Dry-weight solids reached 11wt% in COPD mucus. From QCM-D analysis, cc-COPD and COPD mucus had the highest water content (67 and 75%) during sorption at 99% humidity compared with cc-HAM and HAM (63 and 56%). The overall sorption isotherm for cc-CF mucus was notably lower than HAM and COPD. In low-humidity environments, no hydration-induced glass transition was observed, suggesting mucus remains in a rubbery state.Conclusions: Mucin nanostructures observed in disease could explain the sorption properties where mucin chains affect water content in high humidity environments, which may play a role in protecting the epithelium.
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- Adli, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Progress Of The Ess Proton Beam Imaging Systems
- 2022
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Ingår i: LINAC2022. - : ACoW Publishing. ; , s. 395-398
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ESS Target Proton Beam Imaging Systems has the objective to image the 5 MW ESS proton beam as it entersthe spallation target. The imaging systems has to operate in a harsh radiation environment, leading to a number of challenges : development of radiation hard photon sources, long and aperture-restricted optical paths and fast electronics required to provide rapid information in case of beam anomalies. This paper outlines how main challenges of the imaging systems have been addressed, and the status of deployment as ESS gets closer to beam.
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- Aronsson, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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Health and motivation as mediators of the effects of job demands, job control, job support, and role conflicts at work and home on sickness presenteeism and absenteeism
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health. - : Springer Nature. - 0340-0131 .- 1432-1246. ; 94:3, s. 409-418
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The first objective was to contribute to a better understanding of the contrasting and paradoxical results in studies of work environment factors and sickness presence and sickness absence. A second objective was to examine if, and under what conditions, employees choose to replace sickness absence with sickness presence, i.e., so-called substitution.Methods: The study utilizes a large body of cross-sectional questionnaire data (n = 130,161) gathered in Sweden from 2002 to 2007 in connection with a comprehensive health promotion initiative. Health and motivation were analyzed as mediators of the effects of five job factors, job control, job support, job demand, role conflict and “work to family conflict” on sickness presence and absence.Results: The results concerning job demands indicate substitution in that increased job demands are associated with increased presenteeism and reduced absenteeism. The direct effect of higher job support was increased absenteeism, but via the health and motivation paths, the total effect of more social support was health-promoting and associated with a reduction in sickness absence and sickness presence. High job control emerged as the most pronounced health-promoting factor, reducing sickness presenteeism as well as absenteeism. More role conflicts and work-to-family conflicts were directly and indirectly associated with decreased health and increased absenteeism as well as presenteeism. earlier research.Conclusion: The mediation analyzes shed light on some of the paradoxes in research on sickness presenteeism and sickness absenteeism, especially regarding job demands and job support. The substitution effect is important for workplace policy and occupational health practice.
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- Barker, Roger A., et al.
(författare)
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GDNF and Parkinson's Disease : Where Next? A Summary from a Recent Workshop
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Parkinson's Disease. - 1877-7171. ; 10:3, s. 875-891
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The concept of repairing the brain with growth factors has been pursued for many years in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases including primarily Parkinson's disease (PD) using glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). This neurotrophic factor was discovered in 1993 and shown to have selective effects on promoting survival and regeneration of certain populations of neurons including the dopaminergic nigrostriatal pathway. These observations led to a series of clinical trials in PD patients including using infusions or gene delivery of GDNF or the related growth factor, neurturin (NRTN). Initial studies, some of which were open label, suggested that this approach could be of value in PD when the agent was injected into the putamen rather than the cerebral ventricles. In subsequent double-blind, placebo-controlled trials, the most recent reporting in 2019, treatment with GDNF did not achieve its primary end point. As a result, there has been uncertainty as to whether GDNF (and by extrapolation, related GDNF family neurotrophic factors) has merit in the future treatment of PD. To critically appraise the existing work and its future, a special workshop was held to discuss and debate this issue. This paper is a summary of that meeting with recommendations on whether there is a future for this therapeutic approach and also what any future PD trial involving GDNF and other GDNF family neurotrophic factors should consider in its design.
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- Björklund, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of Midterm Outcomes Associated With Aspirin and Ticagrelor vs Aspirin Monotherapy After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting for Acute Coronary Syndrome.
- 2021
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Ingår i: JAMA network open. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 2574-3805. ; 4:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Guidelines recommend dual antiplatelet therapy after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) for patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). However, the evidence for these recommendations is weak.To compare midterm outcomes after CABG in patients with ACS treated postoperatively with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and ticagrelor or with ASA monotherapy.This cohort study used merged data from several national registries of Swedish patients who were diagnosed with ACS and subsequently underwent CABG. All included patients underwent isolated CABG in Sweden between 2012 and 2017 with an ACS diagnosis less than 6 weeks before the procedure, survived 14 days after discharge from hospital, and were treated postoperatively with ASA plus ticagrelor or ASA monotherapy. A multivariable Cox regression model was used for the main analysis, and propensity score-matched models were performed as sensitivity analysis. Data were analyzed between May and September 2020.Postoperative antiplatelet treatment, defined as filled prescriptions, with either ASA and ticagrelor or ASA only.Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), defined as all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction, and stroke, and major bleeding, at 12 months and at the end of follow-up.A total of 6558 patients (5281 [80.5%] men; mean [SD] age at surgery, 67.6 [9.3] years) were included; 1813 (27.6%) were treated with ASA plus ticagrelor and 4745 (72.4%) were treated with ASA monotherapy. Crude MACE rate was 3.0 per 100 person years (95% CI, 2.5-3.6 per 100 person years) in the ASA plus ticagrelor group and 3.8 per 100 person years (95% CI, 3.5-4.1 per 100 person years) in the ASA group. After adjustment, there was no significant difference in MACE risk between ASA plus ticagrelor vs ASA only, neither during the first 12 months (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.84; 95% CI, 0.58-1.21; P=.34) or during total follow-up (aHR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.71-1.11; P=.29). The use of ASA plus ticagrelor was associated with a significantly increased risk for major bleeding during the first 12 months (aHR, 1.90; 95% CI, 1.16-3.13; P=.011). Sensitivity analyses confirmed the results.In patients with ACS who survived 2 weeks after CABG, no significant difference in the risk of death or ischemic events could be demonstrated between ASA plus ticagrelor and patients treated with ASA only, while the risk for major bleeding was higher in patients treated with ASA plus ticagrelor. Sufficiently powered prospective randomized trials comparing different antiplatelet therapy strategies after CABG are warranted.
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- Björklund, Maria, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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It’s not easy becoming green – a study on paradoxes in transport buyer-supplier dyads
- 2023
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Ingår i: Presented at the 35th NOFOMA annual conference: Logistics During Global Crises, Helsinki, Finland, June 14-16, 2023. - Linköping.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- PurposeContradictory sustainability priorities and interests among supply chain actors can be challenging in the transition towards greener transportation. Several of these contradictions can be described as paradoxes, e.g., interests that are logical in themselves, but becomes irrational when perceived together. This study aims at increasing the understanding of paradoxes in transport buyers’ and suppliers’ strive towards greener transportation.Design/methodology/approachAn interview study targeting transport buyer-supplier dyads has been applied, followed by an analysis with a point of departure in the paradox theory.FindingsTensions related to performing, belonging, learning, and organizing paradoxes in the greening of transportation have been identified. The tensions arise both within individual companies and within dyads. An explanatory framework with four loci of tensions and related propositions are suggested.Research limitations/implicationsBy identifying examples through the lens of paradoxes in the particular setting, the study provides increased understanding to why the transition towards green transportation goes slow, despite involved actors’ high ambitions.Practical implicationsUnderstanding paradoxes is a necessary first step, before identifying ways to manage contradictions in the greening of transportation.Social implicationsThe study provides deep insights on the challenges regarding the greening of transportation, which is fundamental for a long-term sustainable society during global crises.Original/valueThis study is original as it applies paradox theory within the field of green transportation, and in particular as a lens in studying the interactions between different actors.
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