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- Berntorp, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Consensus perspectives on prophylactic therapy for haemophilia: summary statement.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Haemophilia. - : Wiley. - 1351-8216. ; 9:Suppl 1, s. 41278-41278
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Participants in an international conference on prophylactic therapy for severe haemophilia developed a consensus summary of the findings and conclusions of the conference. In the consensus, participants agreed upon revised definitions for primary and secondary prophylaxis and also made recommendations concerning the need for an international system of pharmacovigilance. Considerations on starting prophylaxis, monitoring outcomes, and individualizing treatment regimens were discussed. Several research questions were identified as needing further investigation, including when to start and when to stop prophylaxis, optimal dosing and dose interval, and methods for assessment of long-term treatment effects. Such studies should include carefully defined cohorts, validated orthopaedic and quality-of-life assessment instruments, and cost-benefit analyses.
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| 6. |
- Bernsten, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Improving the well-being of elderly patients via community pharmacy-based provision of pharmaceutical care : a multicentre study in seven European countries
- 2001
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Ingår i: Drugs & Aging. - 1170-229X .- 1179-1969. ; 18:1, s. 63-77
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: This study aimed to measure the outcomes of a harmonised, structured pharmaceutical care programme provided to elderly patients: (greater than or equal to 65 years of age) by community pharmacists in a multicentre international study performed in 7 European countries. Design and setting: The study was a randomised, controlled. longitudinal, clinical trial with repeated measures performed over an Is-month period. A total of 104 intervention and 86 control pharmacy sites participated in the research and 1290 intervention patients and 1164 control patients were recruited into the study. Main outcome measures and results: A general decline in health-related quality of lift: over time was observed in the pooled data; however, significant improvements were achieved in patients involved in the pharmaceutical care programme in some countries. Intervention patients reported better control of their medical conditions as a result of the study and cost savings associated with pharmaceutical care provision were observed in most countries. The new structured service was well accepted by intervention patients and patient satisfaction with the services improved during the study. The pharmacists involved in providing pharmaceutical care had a positive opinion on the new approach, as did the majority of general practitioners surveyed. The positive effects appear to have been achieved via social and psychosocial aspects of the intervention, such as the increased support provided by community pharmacists, rather than via biomedical mechanisms. Conclusions: This study is the first large-scale, multicentre study to investigate the effects of pharmaceutical care provision by community pharmacists to elderly patients. Future research methodology and implementation will be informed by the experience gained from this challenging trial.
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| 8. |
- Björkman, Leif, et al.
(författare)
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Late-Glacial and Holocene forest dynamics at Steregoiu in the Gutaiului Mountains, Northwest Romania
- 2003
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Ingår i: Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. - 0034-6667 .- 1879-0615. ; 124:1-2, s. 79-79
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pollen analyses and AMS C-14 measurements were performed on lacustrine sediments and peat deposits from the former crater lake Steregoiu in a mid-altitude area in the Gutaiului Mountains in NW Romania in order to provide a detailed reconstruction of the vegetational development of the area during the Late-Glacial and Holocene. The bottom sediments are siliciclastic and were deposited probably during the Full Glacial, which is characterised by open patchy vegetation consisting of a mosaic of shrubs, herbs, and ungrown grounds. Around 14 700 cal yr BP an open Pinus-Betula forest expanded, at the same time as organic-rich lake sediments started to be deposited. This change was likely a response to the first deglacial warming phase at the beginning of the Boiling period, or GI-1e, in the GRIP event stratigraphy. Between 13 750 and 12 950 cal yr BP an open forest dominated by Betula, Picea, Pinus, and Ulmus developed in the area. The forest composition implies rather warm climatic conditions, which may correspond to the Allerod, or GI-1c-GI-1a. Around 12950 cal yr BP the forest retracted, and at 12600 cal yr BP open patchy vegetation became re-established. These changes imply a return to significantly colder conditions, which may correspond to the Younger Dryas, or GS-1. At 11500 cal yr BP Betula, Pinus, and Alnus quickly responded to the temperature rise, characterising the beginning of the Holocene. Within a few hundred years, around 11300 cal yr BP, Ulmus and Picea became re-established and a mixed forest type expanded. Quercus, Tilia, and Fraxinus likely arrived at around 10 750 cal yr BP, and from about this time Betula, and Pinus started to diminish. Around 10 500 cal yr BP a dense mixed forest dominated by Ulmus, Picea, Quercus, Tilia, and Fraxinus had developed in the area. Corylus probably became locally established around 10 500 cal yr BP, but it did not expand until 10 200 cal yr BP. Tilia and Fraxinus were locally important until 8600 cal yr BP, when Picea gained renewed importance and the lake became completely overgrown. Picea was probably an important constituent in the carr forest at the site as well as in the upland forest. Around 4800 cal yr BP Fagus and Carpinus became important in the local stand, apparently without any major disturbance of the forest. Until around 3400 cal yr BP the forest was highly diverse, but when Fagus eventually expanded, Ulmus, Tilia, Picea, and Corylus diminished. From about 2200 cal yr BP onwards Fagus has been the local forest dominant, but some Quercus and Carpinus individuals have been present as well. Pollen evidence for human influence on the local vegetation is comparatively scant. The area may have been used for forest grazing from about 1050 cal yr BP, but the grazing pressure was probably low until ca. 300 cal yr BP. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 9. |
- Björkman, Leif, et al.
(författare)
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Lateglacial and early Holocene vegetation development in the Gutaiului Mountains, northwestern Romania
- 2002
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Ingår i: Quaternary Science Reviews. - 0277-3791 .- 1873-457X. ; 21:8-9, s. 1039-1059
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pollen analyses and AMS C-14 measurements were performed on lacustrine sediments and peat sequences from two former crater lakes (Preluca Tiganului, Steregoiu) situated in the Gutaiului Mountains in northwestern Romania, in order to reconstruct the vegetation development during the Lateglacial and Early Holocene. Before c. 14,700 cal. years BP (GS-2) open vegetation with shrubs (Salix, Juniperus), grasses and herbs (e.g. Artemisia and Chenopodiaceae) prevailed in the area. Around c. 14,700 cal. years BP and coinciding with the beginning of GI-le, Pinus expanded, and patchy vegetation with scattered Pinus stands developed. The last 100 years of GI-le (14,150-14,050 cal. years BP) were characterised by an increase in Pinus and Betula and an expansion of open forest communities. This development was shortly interrupted between 14,050 and 13,800 cal. years BP (likely corresponding to the cold phase GI-ld), when the tree cover became reduced and open vegetation with scattered Pinus individuals became frequent. The period with a significant expansion of Betula and Picea and the formation of an open forest (including Pinus and Omits), which took place between 13,800 and c. 12,950 cal. years BP, is tentatively correlated with GI-lc-a. A renewed reduction in tree cover (decrease of Picea and Betula, disappearance of Ulms) started at similar to 12,950 cal. years BP and at 12,600 cal. years BP forest stands were rapidly replaced by open vegetation communities with low shrubs (Salix, Juniperus), grasses and herbs (e.g. Artemisia and Chenopodiaceae). The period between 12,900 and 11,500 is correlated with the cold phase GS-1. At 11,500 cal. years BP, most likely as a response to the warmer climatic conditions at the beginning of the Holocene, an expansion of Betula and Alnus and, slightly later, also of Ulmus can be observed. Between 11,500 and 11,250 cal. years BP, open forests with Betula, Pinus and Ulmus were widespread in the area. At 11,250 cal. years BP dense forests dominated by Ulmus replaced the open forest type. Around 10,700cal. years BP Quercus, Tilia and Fraxinus expanded strongly, and Acer and Corylus became established. Mixed deciduous forest with Picea dominated the upland vegetation between 10,700 and 10, 150 cal. years BP. At 10,150 cal. years BP Corylus increased significantly and between 10,150 and 8500 cal. years BP, dense mixed deciduous forests with Picea and Corylus were abundant in the area. Climatic fluctuations seem to have been the driving force behind vegetation changes during the Lateglacial period, while the forest development during the Early Holocene was mainly driven by migrational and successional processes.
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- Björkman, Per, et al.
(författare)
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A case-control study of transmission routes for GB virus C/hepatitis G virus in Swedish blood donors lacking markers for hepatitis C virus infection
- 2001
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Ingår i: Vox Sanguinis. - 1423-0410. ; 81:3, s. 148-153
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The transmission routes for GB virus-C (GBV-C)/hepatitis G virus (HGV) in blood donors unexposed to hepatitis C virus (HCV) are unknown. We performed a case-control study of risk factors for GBV-C/HGV exposure in blood donors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: After testing stored sera from 458 HCV-negative blood donors for GBV-C/HGV RNA and GBV-C/HGV E2 antibodies, 66 donors with GBV-C/HGV markers and 125 age- and gender-matched controls were interviewed regarding risk factors for viral transmission. RESULTS: Exposure to GBV-C/HGV was strongly associated with previous treatment for a sexually transmitted disease (odds ratio [OR] 4.6; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.2-9.8), with multiple sexual partners (OR 2.9; 95% CI 1.4-5.7) and with a past history of endoscopy (OR 7.0; 95% CI 3.0-16.4). CONCLUSIONS: In blood donors with GBV-C/HGV markers, sexual contacts and medical procedures appear to be the main transmission routes.
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