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- Berggren, Anna M., et al.
(författare)
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Short‐chain fatty acid content and pH in caecum of rats fed various sources of starch
- 1995
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Ingår i: Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. - : Wiley. - 0022-5142 .- 1097-0010. ; 68:2, s. 241-248
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Caecal pH and contents of short‐chain fatty acids (SCFA) were registered in rats fed three potential sources of resistant starch (RS); raw pea starch, raw potato starch, and an RS‐enriched preparation obtained from wheat starch by autoclaving and enzymatic incubation. Small intestinal digestibility and delivery of RS to the hind‐gut in the case of raw starches were determined by analysis of faecal starch in animals treated with antibiotics to prevent hind‐gut fermentation. RS content in the RS‐enriched preparation was determined as total starch remaining in an enzymatic gravimetric dietary fibre residue. The fermentability of RS was estimated from the faecal recovery of starch in normal animals with intact hind‐gut microflora. Approximately 35 g per 100 g and 32 g per 100 g were RS in the case of raw potato starch and the RS‐enriched preparation, respectively, versus only 1 g per 100 g in the case of raw pea starch. The caecal pH decreased with all test diets, being most significant with raw potato starch. SCFA production and faecal bulking were negligible with raw pea starch, whereas both raw potato starch and the RS‐enriched preparation significantly increased these parameters. The fermentability of RS in raw potato starch and the RS‐enriched preparation was similar, or about 60–70%. If calculated on basis of fermented amount, RS in raw potato starch was more potent in generating SCFA (49 μmol g−1) than in the RS‐enriched preparation (19 μmol g−1). RS in raw potato starch also displayed the highest faecal bulking capacity. In fact, the faecal dry weight increased more than expected merely from delivery of RS. The relative proportion in caecal contents of acetic‐, propionic‐ and butyric acid was 70, 17 and 8%, respectively, with no significant differences between the three sources of RS.
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| 2. |
- Berggren, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Short-chain fatty acid content and pH in caecum of rats given various sources of carbohydrates
- 1993
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Ingår i: Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. - : Wiley. - 0022-5142 .- 1097-0010. ; 63:4, s. 397-406
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The caecal content of short‐chain fatty acids (SCFA; acetic, propionic and butyric acid), caecal pH, fermentability and dry matter digestibility (DMD) were examined through balance experiments in rats fed 11 various indigestible carbohydrates. The following carbohydrate sources were incorporated into test diets: cellulose, oat husk, wheat bran, oat bran, pea fibre, linseed fibre, low methoxylated (LM)‐pectin, guargum, β‐glucans, neosugar and raffinose. The indigestible carbohydrates, except for those in wheat bran, oat husk and cellulose, were highly fermented, ie > 90%. Caecal pH varied between 5·6 and 7·8, with neosugar and raffinose causing the lowest pH and the fibre‐free diet and the diet with oat husk the highest. The caecal pool sizes of SCFA were highest with raffinose, β‐glucans, LM‐pectin, guargum and linseed fibre (335‐400 μmol) while pea fibre, wheat bran, oat bran and neosugar gave intermediate levels (137–227 μmol). The pool size with oat husk and cellulose was similar as with the basal diet (45–64 μmol). A high proportion of propionic acid was obtained with guargum and linseed fibre, whereas acetic acid was the predominant product in case of LM‐pectin. On the other hand, linseed fibre gave a remarkably low proportion of butyric acid. The quantity fermented and caecal pH correlated well to the amount of SCFA with most materials (r = 0·96 and r = −0·87, respectively), an exception was neosugar and in case of fermentability also oat bran. DMD values with most of the easily fermented carbohydrates were high (>96%). Exceptions were diets with β‐glucans and oat bran which caused low DMD values, about 93%. It is concluded that indigestible carbohydrates may differ in ability to lower caecal pH and to form SCFA during fermentation.
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| 3. |
- Björn, Inger, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Drug related negative side effects is a common reason for poor compliance in hormone replacement therapy
- 1999
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Ingår i: Maturitas. - : Elsevier. - 0378-5122 .- 1873-4111. ; 32:2, s. 77-86
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: The reasons for poor compliance with hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and, in particular drug-related reasons, have not yet been fully elucidated. In this study, a cohort of peri- or postmenopausal women—mainly workers from a small town and surrounding rural area—was studied. The aim of the study was to investigate why some women never start or discontinue HRT, even when great effort has been made to inform and fulfill the demands of the patient. Methods: All women who were given a HRT prescription at a gynecological practice between September 1991 and December 1992 participated in a longitudinal study. A written questionnaire was mailed to these patients in 1996. Data from the questionnaire was supplemented with information from the medical records. Care of patients included initial information, follow-up within 4 months, yearly visits supplemented with contacts on demand. Results: 356 women received the questionnaire, among which 92% replied. A total of 2% never started HRT. Seventy-five percent continued the therapy for more than 3 years. Reasons for discontinuing HRT were negative side-effects (35%), desire to find out if climacteric symptoms had ended (26%), fear of cancer and thrombosis (25%), weariness of bleeding (19%) and a wish to deal with the problems ‘naturally’ (15%). Conclusions: Compliance with HRT can be high if adequate information is given and follow-ups are made. The main reason for poor compliance was negative side-effects, most likely progestin-related. The results of this study suggest that the future challenge will be to minimize negative side-effects of HRT.
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| 4. |
- Ekman, Inger, 1952, et al.
(författare)
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Feasibility of a nurse-monitored, outpatient-care programme for elderly patients with moderate-to-severe, chronic heart failure
- 1998
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Ingår i: European Heart Journal. - London, United Kingdom : W. B. Saunders Co. Ltd.. - 0195-668X .- 1522-9645. ; 19:8, s. 1254-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: To evaluate the feasibility of a nurse-monitored, outpatient-care program for elderly patients previously hospitalized with chronic heart failure.Methods and results: Patients with chronic heart failure hospitalized in the medical wards were screened to find those eligible for a randomized study to compare the effect of a nurse-monitored, outpatient-care programme aiming at symptom management, with conventional care. The inclusion criteria were patients classified in New York Heart Association classes III-IV, age 65 years, and eligibility for an outpatient follow-up programme. The total in-hospital population of patients discharged with a heart-failure diagnosis was surveyed. Eighty-nine per cent of all the hospitalized patients (n=1541) were 65 years old. Of these, 69% (n=1058) were treated in the medical wards which were screened. The study criteria were met by 158 patients (15%). No visits to the nurse occurred in 23 cases among the 79 patients randomized to the structured-care group (29%), mainly on account of death or fatigue. The numbers of hospitalizations and hospital days did not differ between the structured-care and the usual-care groups.Conclusions: Given the selection criteria and the outline of the interventions, the outpatient, nurse-monitored, symptom-management programme was not feasible for the majority of these elderly patients with moderate-to-severe, chronic heart failure, mainly because of the small proportion of eligible patients and the high drop-out rate. Management of these patients would have to be more adjusted to their home situation.
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