| 1. |
- Björnstig, Ulf, 1943-, et al.
(författare)
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Flying roadside stones - a deadly risk in a crash
- 2021
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Ingår i: Traffic Safety Research. - : Lund University. - 2004-3082. ; 1
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The crash of a coach with 58 occupants at 100 kmph revealed the danger of covering ditch areas with sharp stones 5–20 cm in size. Stones and dirt were sprayed into the coach compartment resulting in serious injuries and death. Road safety works need to address this factor in the future.
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| 2. |
- Hylander, Johan, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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Senior ambulance officers in Swedish emergency medical services : a qualitative study of perceptions and experiences of a new management role in challenging incidents
- 2020
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2044-6055. ; 10:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: Increased demands are placed on emergency services and their role and ability to act in incidents in challenging environments, for example, road tunnels. Collaboration between officers from emergency services (fire brigade, police and ambulance services) is important for an effective rescue effort. In Gothenburg, Sweden, a position as a senior ambulance officer (SAO) within the emergency medical services (EMS) has been introduced to support the regular force during major incidents. The aim of this paper was to explore the perceptions and experiences of the SAO's new management role in challenging incidents, such as those occurring in road tunnels.DESIGN: A qualitative interview study.SETTING: The study was carried out from February to June 2019 in Gothenburg, Sweden, which is a municipality with several road tunnels and a population of approximately 580 000 people. SAOs collaborate with the corresponding function within the police and fire brigade, both having senior officers at major incident sites.PARTICIPANTS: Twelve SAOs.METHODS: The study used semistructured interviews. The collected data were analysed using qualitative content analysis.RESULTS: According to SAOs' experience, prehospital medical management included not only leadership, but also planning, training and indepth knowledge of, for example, tunnel environments. Furthermore, SAOs adopted an encouraging and teaching role for their colleagues. SAOs' responsibilities also included proactive planning together with the fire brigade and police, which was regarded as enhancing interorganisational collaboration. An overall theme emerged which the SAOs described as 'A new holistic approach to EMS leadership and management'.CONCLUSIONS: The participants considered that the new SAO role not only seems to improve the prehospital medical management, but also makes the EMS command structure during challenging incidents symmetrical with the fire brigade and police command structure. The implementation of national guidelines is desirable and is requested by the SAOs.
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| 3. |
- Hylander, Johan, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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Time-efficiency factors in road tunnel rescue as perceived by Swedish operative personnel – an interview study
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Emergency Services. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 2047-0894 .- 2047-0908. ; 11:2, s. 312-324
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Purpose: Major incidents in road tunnels remain a collaborative challenge for the emergency services (fire and rescue service, police and ambulance), emergency dispatch centres (EDCs) and infrastructure owners. The aim of this paper is to investigate how collaborative partners to the ambulance services perceive the rescue effort and to identify factors that may influence its efficiency.Design/methodology/approach: Focus group and individual interviews were conducted with 19 participants who were infrastructure owners or had operational or tactical responsibilities with the emergency services or EDCs in two regions in Sweden with multiple road tunnels. The collected data were analysed using qualitative content analysis.Findings: Three main categories described efficiency factors during and after an incident: (1) coordinating the initial information (using a shared terminology), (2) achieving situational awareness (identifying those persons in need) and (3) lessons (not) learnt (lack of joint tactical plans and exercises). The emerging theme was access, assess and evaluate.Practical implications: The findings suggest that establishing national policies and collaborative forums might yield more efficiently managed rescue efforts in road tunnel incidents in Sweden and other countries with similar organisational structures.Originality/value: This study offers new insights on interoperability during responses to complex underground incidents.
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| 4. |
- Karlsson, Sofia, et al.
(författare)
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Preparedness for peer first response to mining emergencies resulting in injuries: a cross-sectional study
- 2020
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2044-6055. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Identify factors of preparedness for peer first response to underground mining emergencies with injured victims.Design: Cross-sectional questionnaire study of Swedish underground mineworkers.Setting: Seven out of nine Swedish underground mines.Participants: A total of 741 mineworkers out of 1022 (73%) participated in this study.Interventions: None.Outcome measures: Level of preparedness for emergencies with injuries in underground mines.Results: Three factors influenced the preparedness of mineworkers for a peer first response: (1) familiarity with rescue procedures during emergencies with injuries; (2) risk perception of emergencies with injuries and (3) experience of using self-protective and first aid equipment. Mineworkers who believed that they knew how to handle emergencies with injuries (OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.22 to 1.38) and those who were trained in the use of self-protective and first aid equipment (OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.32) considered themselves to be better prepared for a peer first response than those who were unfamiliar with the rescue procedures or who had not used self-protective and first aid equipment. However, mineworkers who rated the risk for emergencies with injuries as high considered themselves to be less prepared than those who rated the risk as low (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.91 to 0.98).Conclusion: This study identified three factors that were important for the peer-support preparedness of underground mineworkers. More research is needed to adapt and contextualise first aid courses to the needs of underground peer responders.
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| 5. |
- Otxoterena, Paul, et al.
(författare)
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Post-collision fires in road vehicles between 2002 and 2015
- 2020
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Ingår i: Fire and Materials. - : John Wiley and Sons Ltd. - 0308-0501 .- 1099-1018. ; 44:6, s. 767-775
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The loss of human lives and body injuries due to post-crash fires, either by smoke inhalation or due to burn injuries, are unfortunately not uncommon. The literature indicates that fire events related to crashes are still a significant problem. The increased combustible load in newer vehicles is an important factor to be taken into account for the fire safety, as well as their potential to release toxic fumes while burning. Trends indicate that the survivable collision energy will continue to increase, and, at the same time, the probability of post-crash fires rises with the collision energy. This means that the occupants of a vehicle may probably survive a high-energy collision but might sustain severe injuries or death due to a post-collision fire. This work reports a literature and interview study about post-crash fires including statistics on the causes and dynamics of post-crash fires in road vehicles based on the literature, crash and incident reports, as well as on interviews with medicine specialists. Results from this study indicate that fires in vehicles which originated by a collision event are a problem that remains to be solved.
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| 6. |
- Thermaenius, Filip, et al.
(författare)
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Fatalities in Swedish fire-related car crashes from a toxicologic perspective
- 2023
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Ingår i: Traffic Injury Prevention. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 1538-9588 .- 1538-957X. ; 24:1, s. 21-25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Vehicle materials developments raise concerns about new patterns of vehicle fire toxic gas emissions. This study aimed to describe toxicologic components in a recent material of fatal car crashes on Swedish roads in which the vehicle caught fire and compare the results to a previous material.Methods: Retrospective registry study. All fatal car crashes with fire in Sweden 2009–2018 were extracted from the Swedish Transport Administration’s In-Depth Studies Database and compared with an earlier study of the time period 1998–2008.Results: A total of 79 crashes and 94 fatalities were included. Carbon monoxide (COHb) blood levels >10% were found in 13 cases. Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) blood levels 0.1–1.7 µg/g were found in 10 cases. In 31 of the cases the person had a blood alcohol level (BAC) >0.2‰, which is the legal driving limit in Sweden. A total of 15 people died due to burn injuries and 2 individuals died due to toxic gas emissions without any other fatal traumatic injury. Total number of deaths in fire-related crashes halved from 181 (1998–2008) to 94 (2009–2018) but the percentage of fatalities in burning vehicles was unaltered (5% vs. 6%). The proportion of fatalities with HCN in the blood increased from 2% between 1998–2008 to 10% during 2009–2018 (p = 0.006). The age of the car involved in a crash increased by 0.26 years per calendar year (p = 0.001).Conclusions: The proportion of fatalities with measured levels of HCN in the blood has increased. Eleven of the 15 burn injury fatalities had high levels of alcohol, HCN, or COHb, possibly contributing to an inability to leave a burning vehicle. Faster rescue brought by improved specific education and training of ambulance and rescue services personnel may be of future importance, as may on-scene antidote administration and revised regulations of vehicle flammability.
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| 7. |
- Westman, Anton, et al.
(författare)
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Mobilisation of emergency services for chemical incidents in Sweden : a multi-agency focus group study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine. - : BioMed Central. - 1757-7241. ; 29:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: In chemical incidents, infrequent but potentially disastrous, the World Health Organization calls for inter-organizational coordination of actors involved. Multi-organizational studies of chemical response capacities are scarce. We aimed to describe chemical incident experiences and perceptions of Swedish fire and rescue services, emergency medical services, police services, and emergency dispatch services personnel.Methods: Eight emergency service organizations in two distinct and dissimilar regions in Sweden participated in one organization-specific focus group interview each. The total number of respondents was 25 (7 females and 18 males). A qualitative inductive content analysis was performed.Results: Three types of information processing were derived as emerging during acute-phase chemical incident mobilization: Unspecified (a caller communicating with an emergency medical dispatcher), specified (each emergency service obtaining organization-specific expert information), and aligned (continually updated information from the scene condensed and disseminated back to all parties at the scene). Improvable shortcomings were identified, e.g. randomness (unspecified information processing), inter-organizational reticence (specified information processing), and downprioritizing central information transmission while saving lives (aligned information processing).Conclusions: The flow of information may be improved by automation, public education, revised dispatcher education, and use of technical resources in the field. Future studies should independently assess these mechanism’s degree of impact on mobilisation of emergency services in chemical incidents.
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