| 1. |
- Adrian-Martinez, S., et al.
(författare)
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A first search for coincident gravitational waves and high energy neutrinos using LIGO, Virgo and ANTARES data from 2007
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics. - : IOP Publishing. - 1475-7516. ; :6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present the results of the first search for gravitational wave bursts associated with high energy neutrinos. Together, these messengers could reveal new, hidden sources that are not observed by conventional photon astronomy, particularly at high energy. Our search uses neutrinos detected by the underwater neutrino telescope ANTARES in its 5 line configuration during the period January - September 2007, which coincided with the fifth and first science runs of LIGO and Virgo, respectively. The LIGO-Virgo data were analysed for candidate gravitational-wave signals coincident in time and direction with the neutrino events. No significant coincident events were observed. We place limits on the density of joint high energy neutrino - gravitational wave emission events in the local universe, and compare them with densities of merger and core-collapse events.
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| 2. |
- Beecham, Ashley H, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of immune-related loci identifies 48 new susceptibility variants for multiple sclerosis.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Nature genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 45:11, s. 1353-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using the ImmunoChip custom genotyping array, we analyzed 14,498 subjects with multiple sclerosis and 24,091 healthy controls for 161,311 autosomal variants and identified 135 potentially associated regions (P < 1.0 × 10(-4)). In a replication phase, we combined these data with previous genome-wide association study (GWAS) data from an independent 14,802 subjects with multiple sclerosis and 26,703 healthy controls. In these 80,094 individuals of European ancestry, we identified 48 new susceptibility variants (P < 5.0 × 10(-8)), 3 of which we found after conditioning on previously identified variants. Thus, there are now 110 established multiple sclerosis risk variants at 103 discrete loci outside of the major histocompatibility complex. With high-resolution Bayesian fine mapping, we identified five regions where one variant accounted for more than 50% of the posterior probability of association. This study enhances the catalog of multiple sclerosis risk variants and illustrates the value of fine mapping in the resolution of GWAS signals.
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| 5. |
- Gabrielsson, Jonas, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Entrepreneurship and technological innovation : The influence of uncertainty and entrepreneurial ability on innovation speed in new technology start-ups
- 2014
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Ingår i: Entrepreneurship, People and Organisations. - Cheltenham : Edward Elgar Publishing. - 9781783478767 - 9781783478774 ; , s. 116-135, s. 116-135
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the study we develop and test a novel theoretical framework that examine how innovation speed in technology start-ups are influenced by the uncertain character of the technologies and markets that underlie patented inventions. We rely in our framework on previous conceptual and empirical work to distinguish between perceived state, effect and response uncertainty and to hypothesize about their potential differential impact on innovation speed. In addition, our framework also seeks to explain how the ability of the technology entrepreneur to spot and seize new business opportunities influences the uncertainty-speed relationship in start-up settings. We tested our framework and hypotheses on a unique and comprehensive dataset with detailed information about patented inventions commercialized in start-ups by independent technology entrepreneurs in Sweden. Overall, our results show the value and importance of distinguishing between different kinds of perceived uncertainty when theorizing about the process of developing and commercializing patented inventions in new technology start-ups. Moreover, our empirical findings suggest that the ability to spot and seize new business opportunities can be both an asset and a liability in this process.
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| 6. |
- Kuura, Arvi, et al.
(författare)
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Entrepreneurship and projects—Linking segregated communities
- 2014
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0956-5221 .- 1873-3387. ; 30:2, s. 214-230
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research in the areas of entrepreneurship and project work management hasfollowed parallel but separate paths. However, in real practice, the connections betweenentrepreneurship and project practice appear stronger. Thus, there are potential research linksto be exploited and the view taken in this article is that there are gains in finding conceptualconnections between the two areas.The rationale for this article is that in terms of knowledge building, there is a damagingfragmentation and separation of the two areas. In research there is an emphasis in publishing inniche journals and that emphasis has contributed to a separation of the communities and thefragmentation of knowledge. Similar fragmenting mechanisms can also be found on the practicalside where there is a reliance on 'experts' and on practice specialties.In this article we seek to combat this trend and want to contribute to integration anddefragmentation by referring to the development paths of the two areas, by describing existinglinkages and by pointing to the conceptual and practitioner gains to be accrued from linking thetwo areas.
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| 7. |
- Sawcer, Stephen, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic risk and a primary role for cell-mediated immune mechanisms in multiple sclerosis
- 2011
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 476:7359, s. 214-219
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multiple sclerosis is a common disease of the central nervous system in which the interplay between inflammatory and neurodegenerative processes typically results in intermittent neurological disturbance followed by progressive accumulation of disability. Epidemiological studies have shown that genetic factors are primarily responsible for the substantially increased frequency of the disease seen in the relatives of affected individuals, and systematic attempts to identify linkage in multiplex families have confirmed that variation within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) exerts the greatest individual effect on risk. Modestly powered genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have enabled more than 20 additional risk loci to be identified and have shown that multiple variants exerting modest individual effects have a key role in disease susceptibility. Most of the genetic architecture underlying susceptibility to the disease remains to be defined and is anticipated to require the analysis of sample sizes that are beyond the numbers currently available to individual research groups. In a collaborative GWAS involving 9,772 cases of European descent collected by 23 research groups working in 15 different countries, we have replicated almost all of the previously suggested associations and identified at least a further 29 novel susceptibility loci. Within the MHC we have refined the identity of the HLA-DRB1 risk alleles and confirmed that variation in the HLA-A gene underlies the independent protective effect attributable to the class I region. Immunologically relevant genes are significantly overrepresented among those mapping close to the identified loci and particularly implicate T-helper-cell differentiation in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis.
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| 8. |
- Vanyushyn, Vladimir, 1979-
(författare)
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Innovative Behaviour of Small Firms : Essays on Small Firms' Internationalisation and Use of Online Channels
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The spread of information technology and the dissolution of international borders have had a significant impact on the challenges and opportunities faced by today's small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Innovative behaviour on the part of SMEs is a prerequisite for a successful transformation of the opportunities offered by these structural changes into growth and profitability. Thus, the overall aim of this thesis is to advance the understanding of small firms' innovative behaviour as manifested in the adoption of online channels and internationalisation. This doctoral thesis consists of an introductory chapter and six self-contained essays. The introductory section develops a general analytical framework for the thesis by reviewing the literature on innovation and organisational innovativeness and identifying key determinants and processes. The first four essays seek to explain a firm's propensity to adopt online channels and suggest that firm size and a firm's willingness to cannibalise, i.e. a firm's readiness to reduce the actual or potential value of its earlier investments, differentiate between adopters and non-adopters of online channels. Expectations of alienating resellers through online channel adoption may prevent a firm from adopting. Customers' pull, competitors' push and previous use of the Internet turned out to be strong drivers of online channel use. The fourth essay employs a two-wave research design and highlights that changes that occur in the technological and economic environment in which firms operate can, over time, change a firm's pattern of decision-making from innovation adoption to conventional cost-benefit approach. Essays five and six focus on the internationalisation of SMEs. In particular, essay five focuses on the process aspects of internationalisation and suggests that early importing has a modest direct influence on exporting, and that early importing activity indirectly enhances a firm's international experience and capabilities. Essay six investigates how competitive interactions affect internationalisation and suggests that cooperation with competitors, or coopetition, is a noteworthy internationalisation motive. This thesis contributes to the literature on innovation, internationalisation, electronic marketing and small business management and demonstrates that the dynamic forces associated with innovative behaviour affect SMEs adoption of online channels and how they work with customers and suppliers abroad.
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