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| 2. |
- Boström, R., Eriksson, A.I., Åhlén, L., Blomberg, L., Gustafsson, G., Holback, B., Holmgren, G., Holtet, J., Jansson, S.E., Lindqvist, P.A., Lybekk, B., Mälkki, A., Riihelä, P. and Wahlund, J.E.
(författare)
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The Rosetta Dual Langmuir Probe Instrument for Measurements of Plasma Density, Temperature and Flow Velocity.
- 2001
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Ingår i: ESA SP-1165.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 3. |
- Cumnock, J. A., et al.
(författare)
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Interplanetary magnetic field control of theta aurora development
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Geophysical Research. - : American Geophysical Union (AGU). - 0148-0227 .- 2156-2202. ; 107:A7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- [1] We ascertain the influence of the B-y component of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) on theta aurora evolution. During most cases where a transpolar arc is observed to move across the polar region, and form a theta aurora, there are brief (minutes) southward excursions of IMF B-z, however northward IMF is required prior to theta aurora formation. Observations show that theta aurora can form during strictly northward IMF with its motion consistent with a change in sign of IMF B-y. It is important to note that since transpolar arcs can persist for 20-30 min after the IMF turns southward, errors will occur in assigning instantaneous IMF conditions to snapshots'' of particular auroral patterns. We consider the entire evolution of the theta aurora and the changing IMF conditions. The influence of IMF B-y is best illustrated by examples which occur during steady northward IMF as compared to times when the IMF is northward on average. We show examples, provided by the Polar UV imager, when the IMF is steady northward. For one case, DMSP F13 and F14 provide in situ measurements of precipitating particles, ionospheric plasma flows and ion density. This unique data set enables us to analyze in detail the evolution of a theta aurora, in one case crossing the entire polar region. No sign change in B-z is needed for theta aurora formation.
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| 4. |
- Naver, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Broad spectrum of time of detection, primary symptoms and disease progression in infants with HIV-1 infection
- 2001
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Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0934-9723 .- 1435-4373. ; 20:3, s. 159-166
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The relationship between time of HIV-1 detection, appearance of symptoms and disease progression was studied in all 24 HIV-1-infected infants from a cohort of 117 children who were born to HIV-1-infected mothers and monitored from birth. HIV isolation from plasma and mononuclear cells, HIV-1 DNA PCR (polymerase chain reaction) and, retrospectively, a quantitative assay for HIV-1 RNA were used for virus detection. Two infants possibly exhibited a symptomatic primary HIV infection. More children with than without symptoms during the first year of life progressed to immunological class 3 (P=0.013) and to AIDS or death (P=0.003) during follow-up. HIV-1 was detected within 4 days of age in 4 of 16 infants: 3 of them became symptomatic within 1 year, as did 6 of the remaining 12 infants (not statistically significant). All four infants in whom virus was detected within 4 days of age progressed to severe immunosuppression, compared to 6 of 14 in whom the virus detection test was initially negative prior to the first positive result (n.s.). Two children with previous repeatedly negative HIV detection tests were diagnosed with HIV-1 infection at 8 and 9 months, respectively. Repeated blood sampling is needed for the diagnosis of HIV-1 infection in perinatally exposed infants, and virus detection tests for exclusion of HIV-1 infection must be used with caution.
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| 5. |
- Blomberg, Lars G., et al.
(författare)
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The martian plasma environment : Electric field and Langmuir probe diagnostics
- 2003
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 0093-3813 .- 1939-9375. ; 31:6, s. 1232-1236
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The plasma environment of Mars has been studied by a small handful of spacecraft. From the sparse observations that exist, one may conclude that the solar wind-Martian magnetosphere interaction is different in significant ways from the solar wind's interaction with Earth's magnetosphere. Mars offers an opportunity to make significant advances in our understanding of the fundamentals of the solar wind's interaction with cold celestial bodies, with suitable plasma instrumentation orbiting the planet. We briefly review what is known about Mars' plasma environment and address some scientific topics that can be studied by proper plasma instrumentation in Mars' vicinity, in particular the scientific potential of Langmuir probe measurements. Finally, we exemplify how the studies may contribute to an enhanced understanding not only of the plasma surrounding Mars, but also of the planet itself and its neutral atmosphere.
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| 7. |
- Blomberg, Stina, et al.
(författare)
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Anti-SSA/Ro antibody determination by enzyme-linked immunosorbent a supplement to standard immunofluorescence in antinuclear antibody screening
- 2000
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology. - : Wiley. - 0300-9475 .- 1365-3083. ; 51:6, s. 612-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency and possible clinical relevance of SSA/Ro antibodies, as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), in patient sera not exhibiting a concomitant positive reaction by the standard immunofluorescence (IF) test using HEP-2 cells as substrate. SSA/Ro reactivity, as shown by ELISA, was found in 285 (7%) of 4025 serum samples consecutively remitted for antinuclear antibody (ANA) screening. Seventy-five of these serum samples (26%), derived from 64 patients, were negative by the IF-ANA screening test. Serum samples from all 64 patients exhibiting SSA/Ro reactivity by ELISA without concomitant positivity by IF-ANA were further investigated by IF using transfected HEP-2 cells hyperexpressing the 60,000 MW SSA/Ro antigen (HEP-2000(R)) and by immunodiffusion (ID) and Western blot. In 55 of these 64 patients, SSA/Ro reactivity could be verified by one or more of the other techniques investigated. Twelve of these patients fulfilled four or more American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and another five patients exhibited a histologically confirmed cutaneous lupus erythematosus (LE). In four of the 12 IF-ANA-negative patients with a diagnosis of SLE, the SSA/Ro reactivity was only detectable by ELISA and Western blot. In conclusion, the use of a sensitive ELISA assay could provide a clinically important supplement to the routine ANA screening by IF, which does not detect certain anti-SSA/Ro-containing sera among patients with relevant autoimmune diagnoses. Detection of anti-SSA/Ro antibodies, however, does not alone signify cutaneous LE or SLE but adds weight to these diagnoses that should rely heavily on other clinical information.
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| 9. |
- Himo, Fahmi, et al.
(författare)
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Substituent effects on OH bond strength and hyperfine properties of phenol, as model for modified tyrosyl radicals in proteins
- 2000
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Ingår i: International Journal of Quantum Chemistry. - 0020-7608 .- 1097-461X. ; 76:6, s. 714-723
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Density functional theory is used to investigate the effects of a variety of substituents (CH3, OH, OCH3, SH, SCH3, NH2, NMe2, NO2, F, Cl, CN, and imidazole) on the phenol O-H bond dissociation energy (BDE) and phenoxyl radical hyperfine properties. Substitutions are made at the ortho position to model modified tyrosine residues found in enzymes. The calculations show that besides the electronic effects of the substituents, intramolecular hydrogen bonds between OH and the substituents will contribute considerably to stabilize the parent species. Substituent effects on anisole O-Me bond strengths can thus not correctly describe the effects on ortho-substituted phenol O-H bond strengths, as previously proposed. This fact is supported by a series of calculations on o-substituted anisoles. The odd-alternant spin pattern of the phenoxyl radical is conserved for most of the substitutions. In particular, it is predicted that the cysteine crosslink to tyrosine, present in the radical enzyme galactose oxidase, and the histidine crosslink, present in cytochrome-c oxidase, will only have minor effects on the BDE and the radical hyperfine coupling constants and spin distribution of the tyrosyl radical.
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