| 1. |
- Andersson, Petra, et al.
(författare)
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Using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to determine toxic gases in fires with lithium-ion batteries
- 2016
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Ingår i: Fire and Materials. - : Wiley. - 0308-0501 .- 1099-1018. ; 40:8, s. 999-1015
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Batteries, in particular lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries, are seen as an alternative to fossil fuels in the automotive sector. Li-ion batteries, however, have some safety issues including possible emissions of toxic fluorine-containing compounds during fire and other abuse situations. This paper demonstrates the possibilities to use the Fourier transform infrared technique to assess some of the most important compounds, including hydrogen fluoride and the far less often measured POF3 and PF5. The study is conducted in the cone calorimeter with different solvents used in Li-ion batteries. The measurements show that, in addition to hydrogen fluoride, with a known high toxicity, POF3 is emitted and can be quantified using Fourier transform infrared.
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| 2. |
- Blomqvist, Fredrik Lennart Rune, 1947, et al.
(författare)
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Platelet aggregation in healthy women during normal pregnancy - a longitudinal study.
- 2019
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Ingår i: Platelets. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1369-1635 .- 0953-7104. ; 30:4, s. 438-444
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Increased platelet activation is involved in obstetric complications such as preeclampsia and intrauterine growth retardation. It is of interest to study platelet aggregation during pregnancy, since increased aggregation theoretically could be a mechanism associated with placenta-mediated complications, which possibly could be prevented by drugs inhibiting platelet aggregation. There are, however, few robust studies describing platelet aggregation during normal pregnancy. The present longitudinal study was performed in order to study platelet aggregation during normal pregnancy resulting in a healthy child, during the puerperium and in nonpregnant, fertile women. Healthy, nonsmoking, pregnant women (n=104), aged under 39years and with BMI <35, were followed during pregnancy and postpartum. Twenty-seven nonpregnant, non-puerperal, fertile women were studied for comparison. Platelet aggregation was determined with multiple electrode impedance aggregometry and analyzed at inclusion, 4 times during pregnancy and after at least 3 months postpartum. Platelet aggregation postpartum was compared with gestational weeks 8-15 and 37-40, respectively, and with nonpregnant, fertile women. Hemoglobin, leucocyte count, platelet count, prothrombin time, and activated partial thromboplastin time were determined at inclusion in order to verify normal hemostasis. Activation of platelets by arachidonic acid, adenosine diphosphate (ADP), and thrombin receptor activating peptide (trap-6) resulted in less aggregation during pregnancy, compared with postpartum (p<0.03-<0.001). Platelet aggregation following activation by collagen was unchanged. A minor increase in aggregation as pregnancy continued was found related to ADP (p<0.021). Positive correlations were found between platelet counts and platelet aggregation. Postpartum platelet aggregation after activation with arachidonic acid, collagen, and trap-6 was lower than in the non-puerperal fertile state. Other hemostatic analyses were normal. In conclusion, there is a minor decrease in platelet aggregation after activation with arachidonic acid, trap-6, and ADP, measured with multiple electrode impedance aggregometry during normal pregnancy resulting in healthy babies, compared with the postpartum period. The small changes in platelet aggregation may be a consequence of a minor decrease in platelet count and probably lack clinical significance under normal conditions. Interindividual variations at certain time-points are substantial, which limits the usefulness of the multiple electrode impedance aggregometry for determining minor changes in platelet function.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Borgquist, Signe, et al.
(författare)
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The prognostic role of HER2 expression in ductal breast carcinoma in situ (DCIS); a population-based cohort study
- 2015
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Ingår i: BMC Cancer. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1471-2407 .- 1471-2407. ; 15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: HER2 is a well-established prognostic and predictive factor in invasive breast cancer. The role of HER2 in ductal breast carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is debated and recent data have suggested that HER2 is mainly related to in situ recurrences. Our aim was to study HER2 as a prognostic factor in a large population based cohort of DCIS with long-term follow-up. Methods: All 458 patients diagnosed with a primary DCIS 1986-2004 in two Swedish counties were included. Silver-enhanced in situ hybridisation (SISH) was used for detection of HER2 gene amplification and protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in tissue microarrays. HER2 positivity was defined as amplified HER2 gene and/or HER2 3+ by IHC. HER2 status in relation to new ipsilateral events (IBE) and Invasive Breast Cancer Recurrences, local or distant (IBCR) was assessed by Kaplan-Meier survival analyses and Cox proportional hazards regression models. Results: Primary DCIS was screening-detected in 75.5 % of cases. Breast conserving surgery (BCS) was performed in 78.6 % of whom 44.0 % received postoperative radiotherapy. No patients received adjuvant endocrine-or chemotherapy. The majority of DCIS could be HER2 classified (N = 420 (91.7 %)); 132 HER2 positive (31 %) and 288 HER2 negative (69 %)). HER2 positivity was related to large tumor size (P = 0.002), high grade (P < 0.001) and ER-and PR negativity (P < 0.001 for both). During follow-up (mean 184 months), 106 IBCRs and 105 IBEs were identified among all 458 cases corresponding to 54 in situ and 51 invasive recurrences. Eighteen women died from breast cancer and another 114 had died from other causes. The risk of IBCR was statistically significantly lower subsequent to a HER2 positive DCIS compared to a HER2 negative DCIS, (Log-Rank P = 0.03, (HR) 0.60 (95 % CI 0.38-0.94)). Remarkably, the curves did not separate until after 10 years. In ER-stratified analyses, HER2 positive DCIS was associated with lower risk of IBCR among women with ER negative DCIS (Log-Rank P = 0.003), but not for women with ER positive DCIS. Conclusions: Improved prognostic tools for DCIS patients are warranted to tailor adjuvant therapy. Here, we demonstrate that HER2 positive disease in the primary DCIS is associated with lower risk of recurrent invasive breast cancer.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Bratt, Ola, et al.
(författare)
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Satsa på MRT för diagnostik av prostatacancer.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - : Läkartidningen Förlag. - 1652-7518 .- 0023-7205. ; 112:Apr 20, s. DFZ3-
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 7. |
- Haglöf, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental study of carbides in the Ti-Cr-C system
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Science. - : Springer. - 0022-2461 .- 1573-4803. ; 54:19, s. 12358-12370
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Ti-Cr-C system has been studied by producing samples within the MC-M3C2-M7C3 (M=Ti, Cr) and MC-M3C2-graphite equilibria. The main purpose was to determine the solubility of Cr in MC; however, the solubility of Ti in M3C2 and M7C3 was also of interest, as well as the C content in MC. Heat treatments have been performed at 1673 and 1773 K for 300 h. Thereafter, the phase compositions have been measured with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDS). X-ray diffraction (XRD), in combination with Rietveld refinement, has been used to determine the lattice parameter for MC. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to estimate the lattice parameter for MC as a function of composition, and the Rietveld refined lattice parameters for MC have then been recalculated to compositions in order to verify the EDS measurements. The results show that the EDS and XRD measurements give equal results. One conclusion is that, with the current conditions, 300 h is a sufficient heat treatment time in order to reach thermodynamic equilibrium. The other main conclusion is that the solubility of Cr in MC, in general, was overestimated by previous studies due to too short heat treatment times, but also that the solubility is very temperature dependent, especially for the MC-M3C2-graphite equilibrium. This clear temperature dependence was not taken into account in the existing thermodynamic description found in the literature.
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| 8. |
- Hellman, Fredrik, 1967-
(författare)
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Orsaker till halka på cykelvägar och beläggningens inverkan : en beskrivning av kunskapsläget
- 2019
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- En littereratursammanställning av kunskapsläget har gjorts för att förstå orsaker till halka på cykelbanor. Inverkan av textur på friktion och halkrisk samt omgivnings inverkan beskrivs. Ett huvudsyfte med rapporten är att utifrån kunskapsläget identifiera kunskapsbehovet om olika beläggningstypers friktion och halkbenägenhet under olika förhållanden i cykelhastigheter upp till 40 km/h. Halkrisken bestäms bland annat av friktionen mellan däcket och vägbanan. Det finns många faktorer som påverkar halkrisken till exempel vägytans geometri och ytegenskaper, fordonets hastighet, hjulens egenskaper, temperatur och omgivningens miljö (t.ex. vegetation och nedsmutsningsrisk). Denna rapport fokuserar på vägytans egenskaper och meteorologiska faktorer (främst temperatur och fukt) och inte på cykeln eller dess komponenters egenskaper. Texturen på vägytan är en viktig parameter när det gäller halka. Texturen delas upp i tre våglängdsområden: mikro-, makro- och megatextur. Främst är det mikrotextur och makrotextur som påverkar friktionen för cyklar. I praktiken utgör däcket och cykelbanan sällan två rena ytor som möts. Ofta uppstår också halka då ytan är nedsmutsad, vatten, snö och is agerar då som ett friktionssänkande skikt mellan hjulen och ytan. Även rullgrus ger upphov till halkrisk.Det finns friktionskrav för gång- och cykelvägar även om det sällan utförs friktionsmätningar. Befintliga krav i Sverige för belagda vägar inklusive gångoch cykelvägar är att medeltalet för friktionstalet inte får understiga 0,50 över en 20 meter lång sträcka. Friktionsmätning kan göras med PFT (Portable Friction Tester) då detta handhållna instrument enligt preliminära resultat korrelerar med standardmetoden Road Friction Tester (SAAB Friction Tester) som inte kan användas på cykelvägar.
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| 9. |
- Jäderling, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Accuracy in local staging of prostate cancer by adding a three-dimensional T2-weighted sequence with radial reconstructions in magnetic resonance imaging
- 2018
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Ingår i: Acta Radiologica Open. - : Sage Publications. - 2058-4601. ; 7:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The evidence supporting the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in prostate cancer detection has been established, but its accuracy in local staging is questioned. Purpose: To investigate the additional value of multi-planar radial reconstructions of a three-dimensional (3D) T2-weighted (T2W) MRI sequence, intercepting the prostate capsule perpendicularly, for improving local staging of prostate cancer. Material and Methods: Preoperative, bi-parametric prostate MRI examinations in 94 patients operated between June 2014 and January 2015 where retrospectively reviewed by two experienced abdominal radiologists. Each patient was presented in two separate sets including diffusion-weighted imaging, without and with the 3D T2W set that included radial reconstructions. Each set was read at least two months apart. Extraprostatic tumor extension (EPE) was assessed according to a 5-point grading scale. Sensitivity and specificity for EPE was calculated and presented as receiver operating characteristics (ROC) with area under the curve (AUC), using histology from whole-mount prostate specimen as gold standard. Inter-rater agreement was calculated for the two different reading modes using Cohen's kappa. Results: The AUC for detection of EPE for Readers 1 and 2 in the two-dimensional (2D) set was 0.70 and 0.68, respectively, and for the 2D+3D set 0.62 and 0.65, respectively. Inter-rater agreement (Reader 1 vs. Reader 2) on EPE using Cohen's kappa for the 2D and 2D+3D set, respectively, was 0.42 and 0.17 (i.e. moderate and poor agreement, respectively). Conclusion: The addition of 3D T2W MRI with radial reconstructions did not improve local staging in prostate cancer.
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| 10. |
- Jäderling, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Preoperative staging using magnetic resonance imaging and risk of positive surgical margins after prostate-cancer surgery
- 2019
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Ingår i: Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1365-7852 .- 1476-5608. ; 22:3, s. 391-398
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: It is unclear whether preoperative staging using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) reduces the risk of positive margins in prostate cancer. We aimed to assess the effect on surgical margins and degree of nerve sparing of a pelvic MRI presented at a preoperative MRI conference. Methods: Single institution, observational cohort study including 1037 men that underwent robot assisted radical prostatectomy between October 2013 and June 2015. Of these, 557 underwent a preoperative MRI combined with a preoperative MRI conference and 410 did not. With whole-mount prostate specimen histopathology as gold standard we assessed the ability of MRI in finding the index tumor and the sensitivity and specificity for extra prostatic extension. We calculated relative risks for positive surgical margins and non-nerve sparing procedure, adjusting for preoperative risk factors using stabilized inverse-probability weighting. Results: MRI detected the index tumor in 80% of the cases. Non-organ confined disease (pT3) at histology was present in the MRI and the non-MRI group in 42% and 24%, respectively. Rate of positive surgical margins comparing the MRI and non-MRI groups was 26.7% and 33.7%, respectively, relative risk 0.79 [95% CI 0.65-0.96], weighted relative risk (wRR) 0.69 [95% CI 0.55-0.86]. The wRR of extensive positive surgical margins was 0.45 [95% CI 0.31-0.67]. Undergoing MRI was also associated with an increased risk of being operated with a non-nerve sparing technique (wRR, 1.84 [95% CI 1.11-3.03]). Conclusions: Our study suggests that preoperative prostate MRI in combination with a preoperative MRI conference affects the degree of nerve-sparing surgery and reduces positive surgical margins.
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