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- Dunn, R. J. H., et al.
(författare)
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GLOBAL CLIMATE : State of the Climate in 2020
- 2021
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Ingår i: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. - : American Meteorological Society. - 0003-0007 .- 1520-0477. ; 102:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 4. |
- Gustavsson, P., et al.
(författare)
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Time trends in occupational exposure to chemicals in Sweden: proportion exposed, distribution across demographic and labor market strata, and exposure levels
- 2022
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. - : Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. - 0355-3140 .- 1795-990X. ; 48:6, s. 479-489
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective This study investigated time trends in occupational exposure to various chemicals in Sweden and the distribution across demographic and labor market sectors. Methods Exposure to six chemicals was investigated from 1980 to 2013 by application of a job exposure matrix to national population registers. Respirable crystalline silica (RCS), diesel engine exhaust, welding fumes, wood dust, chlorinated hydrocarbon solvents, and lead were selected to represent different groups of chemicals. Trends in exposure prevalence were investigated by linear regression and compared to the occupationally active popula-tion. Confidence intervals for the rate of change over time were obtained by bootstrapping. Results The proportion of workers born outside the Nordic countries increased over time in those exposed to RCS, diesel exhaust and wood dust. There was a shift of exposed jobs to small companies (<50 employees), especially for RCS, welding fumes, wood dust, and chlorinated hydrocarbon solvents. For RCS and welding fumes, there was a marked drop in exposure levels from 1980 to 1990 but small changes thereafter. Exposure to lead diminished, both in terms of prevalence and intensity. Conclusions Over time, several exposures tended to shift to small companies, the construction sector, and migrant workers, all factors being indicative of less well-controlled working conditions. Occupational exposure to chlorinated organic solvents and lead diminished, while exposure levels to RCS and welding fumes have changed little since 1990. In view of the serious and well-established negative health effects, increased efforts to reduce exposure to RCS and welding fumes are needed.
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| 7. |
- Porto, G., et al.
(författare)
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Thermodynamic and thermoelastic properties of hypostoichiometric MOX fuels with molecular dynamics simulations
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Nuclear Materials. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-3115 .- 1873-4820. ; 598
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Employing the Cooper-Rushton-Grimes (CRG) interatomic empirical potential with new parameters for U3+ interactions in U1-y,PuyO2-x, classical Molecular Dynamics simulations were carried out for the first time to compute the enthalpy, the lattice parameter, the elastic constants and derived properties of hypostoichiometric U1-y,PuyO2-x compounds (with y in the range 0-1, x between 1.92-2.0, and from 1000 K to melting points). As hypostoichiometry results from adding oxygen vacancies to U1-y,PuyO2, this study investigates how oxygen vacancies affect the thermodynamic and thermomechanical properties of MOX compounds. The most pronounced effect appears at high temperatures, where the so-called Bredig transition occurs. We observed that the effects of this transition on the properties are softened by the presence of oxygen vacancies. The analytical law of the heat capacity for stoichiometric mixed-oxide fuels U1-y,PuyO2 developed by Bathellier et al. [9] was modified by introducing the deviation from stoichiometry as a variable. It was fitted on Molecular Dynamics data of heat capacity and linear thermal expansion coefficient and a good agreement was found. To model the thermal evolution of mechanical properties up to the melting point, a new law was developed. The laws may be used in Fuel Performance Codes.
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| 8. |
- Alexander, Steven M., et al.
(författare)
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Social ties explain catch portfolios of small-scale fishers in the Caribbean
- 2020
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Ingår i: Fish and Fisheries. - : Wiley. - 1467-2960 .- 1467-2979. ; 21:1, s. 120-131
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Small-scale fisheries often involve weak management regimes with limited top-down enforcement of rules and minimal support from legal institutions, making them useful model systems for investigating the role of social influence in determining economic and environmental outcomes. In such regimes, interpersonal relationships are expected to have a strong effect on a fisher's catch portfolio, the set of fish species targeted by an individual fisher. Here, we test three competing hypotheses about social influence using belief propagation network models and show that a peer-to-peer information-sharing social network is key to explaining catch portfolios at a small-scale fishery in Jamaica. We find that experience dictates the direction of influence among fishers in the social network, with older fishers and information brokers having distinct roles in shaping catch patterns for large- and small-sized fish species, respectively. These findings highlight concrete opportunities for harnessing social networks in natural resource management. Our new approach to modelling social influence is applicable to many social-ecological systems with minimal legal and institutional support or those that rely heavily on bottom-up participatory processes.
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| 9. |
- Enqvist, Johan P., et al.
(författare)
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Are bottom-up approaches good for promoting social-ecological fit in urban landscapes?
- 2020
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Ingår i: Ambio. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 49:1, s. 49-61
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bottom-up approaches are often presented as a remedy to environmental governance problems caused by poorly aligned social institutions and fragmented ecosystems. However, there is a lack of empirical evidence demonstrating how such social-ecological fit might emerge and help achieve desirable outcomes. This paper combines quantitative social-ecological network analysis with interviews to investigate whether bottom-up approaches in lake governance improve the fit. We study groups of residents seeking to improve management of a network of lakes in Bengaluru, India. Results show that 23 'lake groups' collaborate in a way that aligns with how lakes are hydrologically connected, thus strengthening the social-ecological fit. Three groups founded around 2010 have mobilized support from municipal officers and introduced an ecosystem-based approach to lake management that recognizes their ecological functions and dependence on, the broader hydrological network. These groups have also changed how other lake groups operate: groups founded after 2010 are more collaborative and more prone to contribute to social-ecological fit compared to the older lake groups. This paper demonstrates the utility of a theoretically informed method for examining the impact of bottom-up approaches, which, we argue, is important for a more informed perspective on their relevance and potential contribution to urban environmental governance.
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| 10. |
- Gunn, V., et al.
(författare)
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Labour market strategies addressing precarious employment and its impacts : A systematic review
- 2022
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Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health. - : Oxford University Press. - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 32:Supplement_3, s. iii43-iii44
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- BackgroundPrecarious employment (PE), characterized by reduced worker rights, and employment and income insecurity, has complex public health implications including negative impacts on workers’ mental and physical health, occupational health and safety, wellbeing, and inequities in access to health and social protections. There is, however, a knowledge gap regarding effectiveness of interventions. We describe findings from a review of evaluated interventions with potential to address PE.MethodsOur systematic review followed the 2020 PRISMA framework and covered PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and sources of grey literature. We included qualitative, quantitative, or mixed-methods studies evaluating initiatives to reduce workers’ PE published from 2000 to 2021 and focused on adult workers.ResultsThe 23 eligible studies from across the world evaluated diverse strategies addressing PE including tax and trade reforms, industrial disputes legislation, business registration, and use of incentives to stimulate permanent contracts. Also included were union strategies to reach precarious workers, the provision of social benefits, and youth apprenticeships. Generally, while most initiatives had the potential to tackle certain PE aspects, they usually acted only on one or two PE dimensions. Additionally, the evaluation components were missing key details, thus, limiting the generalizability of findings, as did the heterogeneity of study designs, initiative purposes, economic and political context, and diverse populations targeted.ConclusionsThe increase in PE prevalence and its complex health implications requires sustainable upstream public health solutions. Multidisciplinary collaborations among public health and occupational health practitioners along with researchers, evaluation specialists, economists, and politicians could facilitate the implementation and evaluation of policies and standards regulating and monitoring PE and its health impacts.Key messages• Precarious employment has complex public health implications.• Sustainable solutions to address precarious employment must be upstream and multidisciplinary.
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