| 1. |
- Boettcher, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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Innovations in the Treatment of Social Anxiety Disorder
- 2017
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a very common and disabling mental disorder. Cognitive-behaviour therapy (CBT) is first-line treatment and has a strong empirical basis. However, not all patients benefit from CBT. About one third of the treated patients do not respond to a sufficient degree (Rodebaugh, Holaway, & Heimberg, 2004). Additionally, access to CBT is often limited. Only a small minority of patients with SAD receives adequate, evidence-based treatment (e.g. Issakidis & Andrews, 2002). Hence, there is a pressing need to optimize existing treatment approaches and to lower treatment barriers. The planned symposium will present different approaches on how to make CBT more efficient and more available for patients with SAD. Treatments that are facilitated via the Internet have the potential to reach patients who are otherwise unlikely to receive adequate treatment (e.g. patients in remote areas, patients fearing stigmatization, patients too shy to initiate face-to-face contact). At the same time, technology-based interventions also help to bring important therapeutic techniques into practice. The first two talks will therefore focus on innovations in the field of Internet-based CBT for SAD and will present strategies to facilitate exposure exercises. Johanna Boettcher will present two studies on a newly developed app for SAD. In a gamified approach, the app guides and motivates patients to conduct exposure exercises in their natural environment. The second presentation will introduce virtual reality (VR) exposure therapy for social fears. Per Carlbring will present data on a RCT, evaluating the impact of a three-hour VR exposure session on public speaking anxiety. The third talk will present a different angle on how to improve treatment outcomes. Emma Warnock- Parks will outline how video-feedback can be optimized in the treatment of socially anxious patients in order to increase its impact on patients’ symptomatology. She will present data on the beneficial effect of video feedback on patients’ distorted self-images and will show ways how to make this technique even more powerful. Optimizing intervention techniques and contexts is one way to improve treatment of SAD. It is also important to consider external factors that may influence treatment adherence or outcome. In the last talk, Ulrike Willutzki will present data on a long-time neglected topic in SAD. She will demonstrate how the well-meant support of patients’ spouses can contribute to the maintenance of the disorder. She will discuss how partners can be educated and become involved in treatment helping the patient to overcome anxiety in difficult social situations. The planned symposium will offer four different strategies that can be implemented to improve cognitive-behavioural treatment techniques and to further the access to CBT. The symposium therefore contributes to a better understanding on how CBT for SAD can become more efficient in alleviating patients’ suffering.
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| 2. |
- Boettcher, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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Primun non nocere : Side effects in psychological treatments
- 2018
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Psychological treatments help patients overcome mental health problems. Thousands of studies document the positive effects of psychotherapeutic interventions. The potential of these same interventions to cause harm, on the other hand, has scarcely been subject to scientific investigation. The nature and frequency of side effects of psychological treatments are largely unknown. The present symposium aims at shedding light on some important questions concerning negative effects: How should side effects be defined? What are typical side effects? How frequent are side effects in different treatment formats? And how can side effects be effectively measured? In the first presentation, Michael Linden will speak about side effects in group therapy and will report data from two different group therapy formats. Johanna Boettcher will focus on side effects of individual therapy for depression. She will present data from a large trial of Internet-based therapy and will summarize a qualitative analysis of the patients’ experience of negative effects. Steve Hollon will talk specifically about one particular side effect, the deterioration of targeted symptoms. He will report results of an individual patient data meta-analysis and compare rates of deterioration in cognitive-behaviour therapy and pharmacotherapy. Finally, Alexander Rozental will present a new questionnaire for the assessment of negative effects and will demonstrate its psychometric properties in a Rasch analysis.
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| 3. |
- Carlbring, Per, et al.
(författare)
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What can bias modification training add to CBT?
- 2016
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Ingår i: EABCT 2016 Abstract Book. ; , s. 100-100
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Konferensbidrag (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Bias modification training is a broad but very different form of CBT that is heavily inspired by experimental psychopathology research. Basically this treatment targets mechanisms maintaining psychopathology such as selective attention and memory biases. Some studies have found large effects of bias modification training but there are also negative findings. The panel will discuss the pros and cons of this treatment format including the prospect of combining traditional CBT delivery with bias modification training.
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| 4. |
- Lu, Yingchang, et al.
(författare)
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New loci for body fat percentage reveal link between adiposity and cardiometabolic disease risk
- 2016
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To increase our understanding of the genetic basis of adiposity and its links to cardiometabolic disease risk, we conducted a genome-wide association meta-analysis of body fat percentage (BF%) in up to 100,716 individuals. Twelve loci reached genome-wide significance (P<5 × 10(-8)), of which eight were previously associated with increased overall adiposity (BMI, BF%) and four (in or near COBLL1/GRB14, IGF2BP1, PLA2G6, CRTC1) were novel associations with BF%. Seven loci showed a larger effect on BF% than on BMI, suggestive of a primary association with adiposity, while five loci showed larger effects on BMI than on BF%, suggesting association with both fat and lean mass. In particular, the loci more strongly associated with BF% showed distinct cross-phenotype association signatures with a range of cardiometabolic traits revealing new insights in the link between adiposity and disease risk.
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| 5. |
- Magnusson, Kristoffer, et al.
(författare)
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For better or worse : An individual patient data meta-analysis of deterioration among participants receiving Internet-based cognitive behavior therapy
- 2016
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Ingår i: EABCT 2016 Abstract Book. ; , s. 285-285
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Psychological treatments can relieve mental distress and improve well-being, and the dissemination of evidencebased methods is believed to aid patients in gaining access to the right type of help. Meanwhile, Internet-based cognitive behavior therapy (ICBT) has shown promising results for many psychiatric disorders. However, research on the potential for negative effects of psychological treatments has been lacking. Method: An individual patient data meta-analysis of 29 clinical trials of ICBT (N = 2866) was performed using the Reliable Change Index for each of the primary outcome measures to distinguish deterioration rates among patients in treatment and control conditions. Statistical analyses of predictors were subsequently conducted using generalized linear mixed models. Missing data was handled by multiple imputation. Results: Deterioration rates were 122 (5.8%) in treatment and 130 (17.4%) in control conditions, yielding a total of 252 (8.8%). Patients in a control condition had higher odds of deteriorating, Odds Ratios (OR) 3.10, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) [2.21-4.34]. Clinical severity at pre treatment was related to lower odds, OR 0.62, 95% CI [0.50-0.77], and 0.51, 95% CI [0.51-0.80], for treatment and control conditions. In terms of sociodemographic variables, being in a relationship, 0.58, 95% CI [0.35-0.95], having at least a university degree, 0.54, 95% CI [0.33-0.88], and being older, 0.78, 95% CI, [0.62-0.98], were also associated with lower odds of deterioration, but only for patients assigned to treatment. Conclusion: Deterioration among patients receiving ICBT is not uncommon and should be monitored by researchers in order to reverse a negative treatment trend.
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| 6. |
- Rozental, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
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For better or worse : An individual patient data meta-analysis of deterioration among participants receiving Internet-based cognitive behavior therapy
- 2017
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Ingår i: BABCP Manchester 2017. ; , s. 119-120
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Psychological treatments can relieve mental distress and improve well-being, and the dissemination of evidence-based methods can help patients gain access to the right type of aid. Meanwhile, Internet-based cognitive behavior therapy (ICBT) has shown promising results for many psychiatric disorders. However, research on the potential for negative effects of psychological treatments has been lacking. An individual patient data meta-analysis of 29 clinical trials of ICBT (N = 2866) was performed using the Reliable Change Index for each primary outcome measures to distinguish deterioration rates among patients in treatment and control conditions. Statistical analyses of predictors were conducted using generalized linear mixed models. Missing data was handled by multiple imputation.Deterioration rates were 122 (5.8%) in treatment and 130 (17.4%) in control conditions. Relative to receiving treatment, patients in a control condition had higher odds of deteriorating, Odds Ratios (OR) 3.10, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) [2.21-4.34]. Clinical severity at pre treatment was related to lower odds, OR 0.62, 95% CI [0.50-0.77], and 0.51, 95% CI [0.51-0.80], for treatment and control conditions. In terms of sociodemographic variables, being in a relationship, 0.58, 95% CI [0.35-0.95], having at least a university degree, 0.54, 95% CI [0.33-0.88], and being older, 0.78, 95% CI, [0.62-0.98], were also associated with lower odds of deterioration, but only for patients assigned to a treatment condition.Deterioration among patients receiving ICBT or being in a control condition can occur and should be monitored by researchers in order to reverse and prevent a negative treatment trend.Negative effects of psychological treatments is largely unknown for many researchers and clinicians. However, evidence suggest that 5-10% of all patients deteriorate during treatment and that some also experience other adverse and unwanted events. The results from the current study indicate that deterioration occurs among some patients receiving cognitive behaviour therapy via the Internet. Furthermore, certain sociodemographic variables seem to be associated with lower odds of deterioration; older age, higher educational level, being in a relationship, and having higher symptom severity at pre treatment assessment. In addition, proportionally more patients deteriorated while in wait- list control, suggesting that a better match between patient and treatment format may be required, and that there are ethical and methodological issues surrounding the use of waitings periods in randomised controlled trials.
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| 7. |
- Rozental, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
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For better or worse : An individual patient data meta-analysis of deterioration among participants receiving Internet-based cognitive behavior therapy
- 2016
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Aim: During the last couple of decades research on the efficacy and effectiveness of psychological treatments has provided evidence for its use in alleviating mental distress and enhancing well-being. Meanwhile, novel ways of delivering evidence-based methods, such as, via the Internet or smartphone applications, have received increasing support, with the potential of becoming an important and widely used addition to the health care system. Internet-based cognitive behavior therapy (ICBT) has for instance been shown to be beneficial in relation to a number of psychiatric and somatic disorders. However, research has almost solely focused on the positive results, neglecting the fact that psychological treatments also might have negative effects. Investigations from face-to-face settings have found that 5-10% of all patients deteriorate, but whether this is true for ICBT has been unclear. Hence, in order to examine deterioration in cognitive behavior therapy delivered via the Internet, an individual patient data meta-analysis was performed.Method: Patient-level data from 29 clinical trials of ICBT for depression, anxiety disorders, and other problems, e.g., pathological gambling and erectile dysfunction, were aggregated, totaling 2866 participants receiving either a treatment or control condition. Deterioration was assessed using the Reliable Change Index on each of the primary outcome measures. Participants identified as having deteriorated were subsequently analyzed using logistic regression to find potential predictors of a negative treatment outcome.Results: Using only available data, a total of 89 participants (3.1%) were recognized as having reliably deteriorated from pre to post treatment assessment, with an additional 17 participants (0.6%) from pre treatment to follow-up assessment. In general, more participants (N = 56) diagnosed with an anxiety disorder deteriorated, compared to depression (N = 16), and other problems (N = 30). Results using imputed values for missing data and an exploration of predictors of deterioration will be available at the time of the conference.Conclusion: Preliminary evidence indicates that deterioration among participants receiving ICBT afflicts approximately 3.1%, with higher rates for anxiety disorders than depression and other problems. A closer inspection could reveal potential predictors for deterioration, which, in turn, might be used to prevent or reverse a negative treatment outcome.
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| 8. |
- Rozental, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
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For Better or worse : An individual patient data meta-analysis of deterioration among participants receiving Internet-based cognitive behavior therapy
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 0022-006X .- 1939-2117. ; 85:2, s. 160-177
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Psychological treatments can relieve mental distress and improve well-being, and the dissemination of evidence-based methods can help patients gain access to the right type of aid. Meanwhile, Internet-based cognitive–behavioral therapy (ICBT) has shown promising results for many psychiatric disorders. However, research on the potential for negative effects of psychological treatments has been lacking. Method: An individual patient data meta-analysis of 29 clinical trials of ICBT (N = 2,866) was performed using the Reliable Change Index for each primary outcome measures to distinguish deterioration rates among patients in treatment and control conditions. Statistical analyses of predictors were conducted using generalized linear mixed models. Missing data was handled by multiple imputation. Results: Deterioration rates were 122 (5.8%) in treatment and 130 (17.4%) in control conditions. Relative to receiving treatment, patients in a control condition had higher odds of deteriorating, odds ratios (ORs) = 3.10, 95% confidence interval (CI) [2.21, 4.34]. Clinical severity at pretreatment was related to lower odds, OR = 0.62, 95% CI [0.50, 0.77], and OR = 0.51, 95% CI [0.51, 0.80], for treatment and control conditions. In terms of sociodemographic variables, being in a relationship, OR = 0.58, 95% CI [0.35, 0.95], having at least a university degree, OR = 0.54, 95% CI [0.33, 0.88], and being older, OR = 0.78, 95% CI, [0.62, 0.98], were also associated with lower odds of deterioration, but only for patients assigned to a treatment condition. Conclusion: Deterioration among patients receiving ICBT or being in a control condition can occur and should be monitored by researchers to reverse and prevent a negative treatment trend.
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| 9. |
- Rozental, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
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Investigating the impact of negative effects during a smartphone-based treatment for social anxiety disorder : A correlational study
- 2015
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Negative effects of psychological treatments constitute an important but largely unexplored area of research. Prior investigations have indicated that approximately 5-10% of all patients receiving face-to-face treatments deteriorate. In addition, other types of negative effects could exist as well, for instance, novel symptoms, social stigma, and interpersonal difficulties, but have been studied to a lesser extent. Meanwhile, negative effects are also assumed to occur in psychological treatments delivered online, but their incidence and impact is still unknown. In the current study, data collected from a smartphone-based treatment for social anxiety disorder (total N =189) was assessed in order to determine the influence of negative effects on treatment outcome. A new self-report measure for reporting negative effects was developed through a comprehensive literature search and a review of similar instruments for face-to-face treatments, consisting of sixty items scored on a five-point Likert-scale. Change from pre- to post-treatment assessment on the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale was correlated with the frequency and impact of negative effects, indicating that the number of incidents, r = .175, and the degree to which the patient was affected by the negative effects, r = .192, were related to less change in symptom severity. However, no sociodemographic variables or degree of social anxiety at baseline had a relationship with negative effects during treatment. In terms of the most recurring types of negative effects, patients reported that they had a bad conscience about not conducting their assignments (Item 16), being stressed by the treatment schedule (Item 2), and feeling left out during treatment (Item 55).
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| 10. |
- Rozental, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
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Measuring adverse and unwanted events in psychotherapy
- 2018
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Psychotherapy offers many benefits, but research also indicate that negative effects sometimes occur. The Negative Effects Questionnaire (NEQ) was therefore developed to help researchers and clinicians determine the occurrence and characteristics of such incidents. Method: The NEQ was evaluated in two studies, using data from both clinical trials and a survey distributed among individuals in the general population (Ns 653 and 564). Results: The results from an exploratory factor analysis suggest that six factors could be relevant to retain: symptoms, quality, dependency, stigma, hopelessness, and failure, with poor treatment quality and therapeutic relationship having the highest self-rated negative effects. Further, the results from a Rasch analysis, a modern test theory application, suggest that the self-report measure exhibits fairness in testing across sociodemographics and that it is suitable for monitoring items with regard to their frequencies or levels of impact. Overall, 18.8% of the patients experienced more stress, 12.6% reported the resurfacing of unpleasant memories, and 12.2% were more anxious during treatment, implying that adverse and unwanted events are not uncommon in psychotherapy and may have to be monitored. Conclusion: The NEQ could be a useful self-report measure to investigate negative effects in both research and clinical practice.
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