| 1. |
- Bohman, Tony, et al.
(författare)
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Does a healthy lifestyle behaviour influence the prognosis of low back pain among men and women in a general population? A population-based cohort study
- 2014
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 4:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES:To study the influence of healthy lifestyle behaviour on the prognosis of occasional low back pain among men and women in a general population.DESIGN:Cohort study with a 4-year follow-up.SETTINGS:General population in Stockholm County, Sweden.PARTICIPANTS:The study sample comprised 3938 men and 5056 women aged 18-84 from the Stockholm Public Health Cohort reporting occasional low back pain in the baseline questionnaire 2006.MEASURES:Lifestyle factors and potential confounders were assessed at baseline. The lifestyle factors smoking habits, alcohol consumption, leisure physical activity and consumption of fruit and vegetables were dichotomised using recommendations for a health-enhancing lifestyle and combined to form the exposure variable 'healthy lifestyle behaviour'. The exposure was categorised into five levels according to the number of healthy lifestyle factors met. The follow-up questionnaire in 2010 gave information about the outcome, long duration troublesome low back pain. Crude and adjusted binomial regression models were applied to estimate the association between the exposure and the outcome analysing men and women separately.RESULTS:The risk of developing long duration troublesome low back pain among women with occasional low back pain decreased with increasing healthy lifestyle behaviour (trend test: p=0.006). 21% (28/131) among women with no healthy lifestyle factor (reference) experienced the outcome compared to 9% (36/420) among women with all four factors. Compared to the reference group, the risk was reduced by 35% (RR 0.65, 95% CI 0.44 to 0.96) for women with one healthy lifestyle factor and 52% (RR 0.48, 95% CI 0.31 to 0.77) for women with all four healthy lifestyle factors. There were no clear associations found among men.CONCLUSIONS:Healthy lifestyle behaviour seems to decrease the risk of developing long duration troublesome low back pain among women with occasional low back pain and may be recommended to improve the prognosis.
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| 2. |
- Leberfinger, Karolina, et al.
(författare)
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Drought impact on stream detritivores - experimental effects on leaf litter breakdown and life cycles
- 2010
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Ingår i: Hydrobiologia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0018-8158 .- 1573-5117. ; 652:1, s. 247-254
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Predictions of effects of global climate change include decreased runoff for many parts of the world, which will result in drying of streams. Information of the effects of drought on aquatic ecosystems is limited and little is known of the effects on ecosystem functions. Our main objective was to measure the direct effects of drought on leaf litter breakdown by invertebrate shredders in a controlled laboratory experiment. We hypothesized a decreased breakdown at high drought level. Single-species and multi-species treatments with three shredder species (Asellus aquaticus, Limnephilus bipunctatus, and L. flavicornis) were set up in an experiment with three drought level treatments, control, medium, and high drought (6 cm water level, 1 cm water level, and water level below sediment surface, respectively). Breakdown measured as leaf litter loss was significantly lower in both medium and high drought treatments compared to the control. Previously, decreased breakdown due to drying has been reported, but attributed to low densities of invertebrate shredders. We show that even when shredders are present, drought decreases the breakdown. Drought treatments also induced earlier pupation for the caddisfly L. flavicornis. Shifts in species phenology due to drought, e.g., earlier emergence, may affect species ability to adult survival and reproduction. Shifts in timing of emergence may also affect terrestrial food webs, where emerging aquatic insects may constitute an important food subsidy. Our knowledge of the complex effects of droughts in aquatic systems is limited with an urgent need of extended knowledge of the ecological effects of droughts on freshwater ecosystem functioning.
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| 3. |
- Leberfinger, Karolina, et al.
(författare)
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Grass, mosses, algae or leaves? Food preference among shredders from open-canopy streams
- 2010
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Ingår i: Aquatic Ecology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1386-2588 .- 1573-5125. ; 44:1, s. 195-203
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Shredder feeding is a vital process in making decomposition products available to biota in streams. To investigate which food sources shredders in open-canopy streams exploit, we conducted a feeding preference experiment with the invertebrate detritivores Limnephilus bipunctatus and Nemoura sp., which are commonly found in open-canopy streams on the Swedish island of A-land in the southern Baltic Sea. Leaves of birch, Swedish whitebeam, and shrubby cinquefoil; dead and fresh grass; water moss; and algae were offered to the shredders in multi- and single treatments. We hypothesized that food with high nutritional value would be preferred. Both taxa preferred leaves of shrubby cinquefoil, a bush common in the riparian zone of A-land streams; additionally Nemoura sp. also chose algae. Dead grass, the most abundant food source in the streams during the whole year, was the least consumed food type. The fresh food types had highest nutritional value, measured as carbon to nitrogen content. Therefore, food quality could not alone explain the preference of shrubby cinquefoil. However, among the detritus type offered, shrubby cinquefoil had the highest nutritional value. Shrubby cinquefoil may constitute one important energy source to these open-canopy stream ecosystems and may be essential in maintaining an abundant shredder community in these streams. Thus, the results of this study indicate that detrital resources are indeed important in open-canopy stream systems.
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| 4. |
- Leberfinger, Karolina, et al.
(författare)
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The importance of terrestrial resource subsidies for shredders in open-canopy streams revealed by stable isotope analysis
- 2011
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Ingår i: Freshwater Biology. - : Wiley. - 0046-5070 .- 1365-2427. ; 56:3, s. 470-480
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 1. Allochthonous detritus is the major source of energy in forested streams, but less is known of the importance of terrestrial subsidies to open-canopy streams. Here, we used stable isotope analysis to assess the importance of allochthonous versus autochthonous energy sources to invertebrate shredders in four open-canopy streams in Sweden. Shredders and potential food sources were analysed at both open sites and those with deciduous trees in the riparian zone.2. Mixing models showed that allochthonous coarse particulate organic matter was the most important energy source to shredders at both the open and wooded sites, suggesting that terrestrial subsidies may be an important process in open-canopy streams, just as they are in forested streams.3. However, shredders at open sites had a larger proportion of biofilm in their diet than at wooded sites, indicating an ability of shredders to adjust their diet with food availability.4. We also used the carbon and nitrogen stable isotope signatures to assess the size of the feeding niche of shredders. Feeding on both allochthonous and autochthonous sources at open sites was reflected in a larger feeding niche than at wooded sites for one of the three species analysed. There was substantial overlap of the feeding niche among shredder species, indicating a high functional redundancy within this guild.
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| 5. |
- Sparrenbom, Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
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Kommunernas avloppshantering bara liten del av problemet
- 2014
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Ingår i: Dagens Nyheter. - 1101-2447.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Slutreplik. Per-Åke Sahlberg skriver engagerat om att det finns mer än jordbruk som påverkar vattenkvalitet. Han har helt rätt. Eftersom vatten ständigt är i rörelse och helt gränsöverskridande kommer alla aktiviteter som sker att påverka vattenkvaliteten – såväl antropogena som naturliga. Men prioriteringar av var insatserna måste ske görs sällan. Att påstå att avloppshanteringen är det största problemet är att förenkla och snedvrida bilden av vad som påverkar vår dricksvattenkvalitet, skriver en grupp forskare och experter.
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| 6. |
- Sparrenbom, Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
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Sverige måste bli bättre på att kontrollera dricksvattnet
- 2014
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Ingår i: Dagens Nyheter. - 1101-2447.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Styvmoderligt behandlat område. Undersökningar visar att vart tredje svenskt grundvattenprov är förorenat av växtskyddsmedel. Ändå övervakas bara fjorton procent av de svenska grundvattenförekomsterna. Sverige måste agera nu för att få kontroll över situationen, skriver nio forskare och experter.
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| 7. |
- Stenroth, Karolina, et al.
(författare)
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A model-based comparison of organic matter dynamics in forested and open-canopy streams
- 2014
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Ingår i: Riparian Ecology and Conservation. - : Portico. - 2299-1042. ; 2:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The food webs of forest streams are primarily based upon inputs of organic matter from adjacent terrestrial ecosystems. However, streams that run through open landscapes generally lack closed riparian canopies, and an increasing number of studies indicate that terrestrial organic matter may be an important resource in these systems as well. Combining key abiotically-controlled factors (stream discharge, water temperature, and litter input rate) with relevant biotic processes (e.g. macroinvertebrate CPOM consumption, microbial processing), we constructed a model to predict and contrast organic matter dynamics (including temporal variation in CPOM standing crop, CPOM processing rate, FPOM production, and detritivore biomass) in small riparian-forested and open-canopy streams. Our modeled results showed that the standing crop of CPOM was similar between riparian-forested and open-canopy streams, despite considerable differences in litter input rate. This unexpected result was partly due to linkages between CPOM supply and consumer abundance that produced higher detritivore biomass in the forest stream than the open-canopy stream. CPOM standing crop in the forest stream was mainly regulated by top-down consumer control, depressing it to a level similar to that of the open-canopy stream. In contrast, CPOM standing crop in the open-canopy stream was primarily controlled by physical factors (litter input rates and discharge), not consumption. This suggests that abiotic processes (e.g. discharge) may play a greater role in limiting detrital resource availability and consumer biomass in open-canopy streams than in forest streams. These model results give insight on functional differences that exists among streams and they can be used to predict effects of anthropogenic influences such as forestry, agriculture, urbanization, and climate change on streams and how riparian management and conservation tools can be employed to mitigate undesirable effects.
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