| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- Garemo, Malin, 1971, et al.
(författare)
-
Food choice, socio-economic characteristics and health in 4-year olds in a well-educated urban Swedish community
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Clin Nutr. - : Elsevier BV. - 0261-5614. ; 26:1, s. 133-40
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Dietary habits founded early in life might influence development of welfare diseases. The aim was to analyse food choice, socio-economic characteristics and health by questionnaires in healthy 4-year olds. METHODS: Two hundred and thirty children were invited and 79% completed all questionnaires. Anthropometry was measured in 131 subjects. RESULTS: The sample was characteristic for Swedish children except that more parents had university education. Most children attended pre-school; 52% >30 h/week. Almost all had been breast-fed until a mean age of 5 months. Fifteen per cent were overweight and 2% obese according to the IOTF cut-offs. A, D vitamin supplementation was not given to a third. Full fat dairy products, minced meat and sausages predominated, and only a fourth was served fat fish. Olive or rape seed oil was consumed regularly by 40% and a third consumed "junk food" regularly. Maternal immigrant status influenced the food choice. CONCLUSION: In a Swedish urban community of 4-year olds, 17% were overweight or obese. The intake of vegetables, oils and "junk food" seemed to have increased, while the intake of dairy products, fruit, meat and fish seemed to be similar to earlier studies. Food choice was influenced by maternal origin.
|
|
| 6. |
- Halvorsen, Ragnhild, et al.
(författare)
-
Phadiatop Infant in the Diagnosis of Atopy in Children with Allergy-Like Symptoms
- 2009
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Pediatrics.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and Objective. Allergy-like symptoms such as wheezing and eczema are common in young children and an early diagnosis is important to initiate correct management. The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of Phadiatop Infant, an in vitro test for determination of early sensitisation to food and inhalant allergens. Patients and Methods. The study was conducted, retrospectively, using frozen sera from 122 children (median age 2.7 years) admitted to the hospital with suspected allergic symptoms. The doctor's diagnosis atopic/nonatopic was based on routinely used procedures such as clinical evaluation, SPT, total and allergen-specific IgE antibodies. The performance of Phadiatop Infant was evaluated in a blinded manner against this diagnosis. Results. Eighty-four of the 86 children classified as atopic showed a positive Phadiatop Infant test. Thirty-six were classified as nonatopic, 32 of who had a negative test. With a prevalence of atopy of 70% in this population, this gives a sensitivity of 98%, a specificity of 89%, and a positive and negative predictive value of 95% and 94%, respectively. Conclusion. The results from the present study suggest that Phadiatop Infant could be recommended as a complement to the clinical information in the differential diagnosis on IgE-mediated disease in young children with allergy-like symptoms.
|
|
| 7. |
- Irander, Kristina, 1943-
(författare)
-
An 18 year Follow-up of Allergy Development : Findings of Nasal Markers of Allergic Inflammation
- 2008
-
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: In addition to the family history of allergy (FH), there is a need o find objective markers of allergy development as early in life as possible in order to focus preventive measurements on high risk infants. Rhinitis problems are common causes to morbidity in adults due to allergic as well as non-allergic mechanisms. Accurate diagnoses are essential for decisions of optimal management of the patients, but in non-allergic rhinitis groups there are no objective tests to verify the diagnosis, if this is needed.Aims: The primary aim was to evaluate the occurrence of nasal metacromatic (MC) cells during infancy as predictors for allergy development in a group of high risk subjects from birth up to 18 years of age. Additional aims were to find and evaluate nasal markers with ability to differentiate between allergic rhinitis with and without current allergen exposure from normal controls.Subjects and methods: New-borns (n = 67) with and without family histories of allergy were included, and during the first 18 months of life occurrence of nasal MC could be evaluated in 64 infants (33 positive/31 negative MC findings). The cohort was followed up for allergy development at the ages of 18 months, 6 years and 18 years. Nasal markers as MC, nasal NO, nitrite/nitrate in nasal lavage and acoustic rhinometry at the 18-years follow-up were related to the allergic manifestations at this age.Results: Positive nasal MC findings during infancy predicted allergy development up to 18 years of age in 31/33 subjects (94 %), as compared to 37/44 with positive FH (84 %). Negative MC findings during infancy did not exclude the risk, as 15/31 developed allergy (48 %). At the 18-years follow-up the numbers of individuals with demonstrable MC were significantly higher (p = 0.01) in the group of individuals with allergy symptoms (16/30) compared to the group of individuals with no allergy (1/12). Nasal NO levels, nitrite/nitrate concentrations in nasal lavages and acoustic rhinometry did not differentiate the allergic groups from the normal group.Conclusions: Positive nasal MC findings during infancy predicted allergy development up to 18 years of age, and the cell findings often preceded the allergic symptoms. The marker can not be used as a single predictor of allergy development due to negative MC findings in a high proportion of allergic subjects. Positive MC findings combined with positive FH resulted in the best the risk evaluation. Differences between groups with and without current allergen exposure and healthy controls were not found by means of acoustic rhinometry, nasal MC, nasal NO or nitrites/nitrates levels. Further research to find reliable nasal markers is needed.
|
|
| 8. |
- Irander, Kristina, 1943-, et al.
(författare)
-
Nasal nitric oxid and nasal nitrate and nitrite in relation to allergy and smoking habits
- 2008
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The role of nasally exhaled nitric oxide (nNO) in diagnosis of allergic rhinitis is still unclear, in contrast to orally exhaled nitric oxide (eNO), which is well established as a marker of inflammation in the lower airways. Objective: Levels of nNO, nitrite/nitrate in nasal lavage (NAL) and acoustic rhinometry results were analysed in order to evaluate these markers in allergic rhinitis. Methods: Altogether 45 subjects were subgrouped according to airway into: allergy with ongoing allergen exposure (I) or in a latent phase of exposure (II) and no allergy (III). The level of nNO was calculated by subtraction of eNO after mouthwash from nasally exhaled NO. The findings were related to acoustic rhinometry and spirometry, before and after an exercise provocation of the airways. Nitrite/nitrate levels were analysed by the Greiss reaction after reduction of nitrate to nitrite. Results: A weak correlation between nNO and nitrite/nitrate levels was found in males, but neither of these markers nor acoustic rhinometry showed differences between the subgroups. In contrast, eNO, but not spirometry, differentiated allergy with ongoing allergen exposure from allergy in a latent phase of exposure and no allergy. Conclusions: No difference of nNO levels was found in allergic and normal subjects.
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
