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- Bosch, Jan, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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Accelerating digital transformation: 10 years of software center
- 2022
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This book celebrates the 10-year anniversary of Software Center (a collaboration between 18 European companies and five Swedish universities) by presenting some of the most impactful and relevant journal or conference papers that researchers in the center have published over the last decade. The book is organized around the five themes around which research in Software Center is organized, i.e. Continuous Delivery, Continuous Architecture, Metrics, Customer Data and Ecosystems Driven Development, and AI Engineering. The focus of the Continuous Delivery theme is to help companies to continuously build high quality products with the right degree of automation. The Continuous Architecture theme addresses challenges that arise when balancing the need for architectural quality and more agile ways of working with shorter development cycles. The Metrics theme studies and provides insight to understand, monitor and improve software processes, products and organizations. The fourth theme, Customer Data and Ecosystem Driven Development, helps companies make sense of the vast amounts of data that are continuously collected from products in the field. Eventually, the theme of AI Engineering addresses the challenge that many companies struggle with in terms of deploying machine- and deep-learning models in industrial contexts with production quality. Each theme has its own part in the book and each part has an introduction chapter and then a carefully selected reprint of the most important papers from that theme. This book mainly aims at researchers and advanced professionals in the areas of software engineering who would like to get an overview about the achievement made in various topics relevant for industrial large-scale software development and management - and to see how research benefits from a close cooperation between industry and academia.
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| 2. |
- Bosch, Nathan, et al.
(författare)
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Software Logs for Machine Learning in a DevOps Environment
- 2020
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Ingår i: Proceedings - 46th Euromicro Conference on Software Engineering and Advanced Applications, SEAA 2020. ; , s. 29-33
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- System logs perform a critical function in software-intensive systems as logs record the state of the system and significant events in the system at important points in time. Unfortunately, log entries are typically created in an ad-hoc, unstructured and uncoordinated fashion, limiting their usefulness for analytics and machine learning. In a DevOps environment, especially, unmanaged evolution in log data structure causes frequent disruption of operations in automated data pipelines, dashboards and analytics. In this paper, we present the main challenges of contemporary approaches to generating, storing and managing the evolution of system logs data for large, complex, software-intensive systems based on an in-depth case study at a world-leading telecommunications company. Second, we present an approach for generating and managing the evolution of log data in a DevOps environment that does not suffer from the aforementioned challenges and is optimized for use in machine learning. Third, we provide validation of the approach based on expert interviews that confirm that the approach addresses the identified challenges and problems.
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| 3. |
- Andreo, Sebastien, et al.
(författare)
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OpEx driven software architecture a case study
- 2021
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Ingår i: CEUR Workshop Proceedings. - 1613-0073. ; 2978
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the last thirty years, the software industry has changed how systems are architected and how systems are distributed. Software is moving from a monolithic architecture and locally installed application to micro-services architecture and applications accessible through the internet. The accessibility over the internet is provided by the emergence of cloud providers like Amazon AWS, Microsoft Azure, or Google GCP. This transformation also impacts the financial structure of software projects, which is moving from capital expenditure (CapEx) to operational expenditure (OpEx). This paper highlights the implication of architecture decisions on a cloud application’s operating cost based on two industrial case studies.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Besker, Terese, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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Carrot and Stick approaches when managing Technical Debt
- 2020
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Ingår i: Proceedings - 2020 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Technical Debt, TechDebt 2020. - New York, NY, USA : ACM. ; , s. 21-30
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- When developing software, it is vitally important to keep the level of technical debt down since it is well established from several studies that technical debt can, e.g., lower the development productivity, decrease the developers’ morale, and compromise the overall quality of the software. However, even if researchers and practitioners working in today's software development industry are quite familiar with the concept of technical debt and its related negative consequences, there has been no empirical research focusing specifically on how software managers actively communicate and manage the need to keep the level of technical debt as low as possible. This paper aims to explore how software companies encourage and reward practitioners for actively keeping the level of technical debt down and also whether the companies use any forcing or penalizing initiatives when managing technical debt. This paper reports the results of both an online web-survey provided quantitative data from 258 participants and follow-up interviews with 32 industrial software practitioners. The findings show that having a TD management strategy can significantly impact the amount of TD in the software. When surveying how commonly used different TD management strategies are, we found that only the encouraging strategy is, to some extent, adopted in today's’ software industry. This study also provides a model describing the four assessed strategies by presenting its strategies and tactics, together with recommendations on how they could be operationalized in today’s software companies.
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| 6. |
- Besker, Terese, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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The Influence of Technical Debt on Software Developer Morale
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Systems and Software. - : Elsevier BV. - 0164-1212. ; 167
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context: Previous research in the Technical Debt (TD) field has mainly focused on the technical and economic aspects, while its human aspect has received minimal attention. Objective: This paper aims to understand how software developers’ morale is influenced by TD and how their morale is influenced by TD management activities. Furthermore, this study correlates the morale with the amount of wastage of time due to TD. Method: Firstly, we conducted 15 interviews with professionals, and, secondly, these data were complemented with a survey. Thirdly, we collected 473 data points from 43 developers reporting their amount of wasted time. The collected data were analyzed using both quantitative and qualitative techniques, including thematic and statistical analysis. Results: Our results show that the occurrence of TD is associated with a lack of progress and waste of time. This might have a negative influence on developers’ morale. Further, management of TD seems to have a positive influence on developers’ morale. Conclusions: The results highlight the effects TD has on practitioners’ software work. This study presents results indicating that software suffering from TD reduces developers’ morale and thereby also their productivity. However, our results also indicate that TD management increases developers’ morale and developer productivity.
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| 7. |
- Besker, Terese, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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The use of incentives to promote technical debt management
- 2022
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Ingår i: Information and Software Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0950-5849 .- 1873-6025. ; 142
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context: When developing software, it is vitally important to keep the level of technical debt down since, based on several studies, it has been well established that technical debt can lower the development productivity, decrease the developers' morale and compromise the overall quality of the software, among others. However, even if researchers and practitioners working in today's software development industry are quite familiar with the concept of technical debt and its related negative consequences, there has been no empirical research focusing specifically on how software managers actively communicate and manage the need to keep the level of technical debt as low as possible. Objective: This study aims to understand how software companies give incentives to manage technical debt. This is carried out by exploring how companies encourage and reward practitioners for actively keeping the level of technical debt down add whether the companies use any forcing or penalising initiatives when managing technical debt. Method: As a first step, this paper reports the results of both an online survey providing quantitative data from 258 participants and interviews with 32 software practitioners. As a second step, this study sets out to specifically provide a detailed assessment of additional and in-depth analysis of technical debt management strategies based on an encouraging mindset and attitude from both managers and technical roles to understand how, when and by whom such strategies are adopted in practice. Results: Our findings show that having a technical debt management strategy (specially based on encouragement) can significantly impact the amount of technical debt related to the software. Conclusion: The result indicates that there is considerable unfulfilled potential to influence how software practitioners can further limit and reduce technical debt by adopting a strategy based explicitly on an encouraging mindset from managers where they also specifically dedicate time and resources for technical debt remediation activities.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Bosch, Jan, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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Digital for real: A multicase study on the digital transformation of companies in the embedded systems domain
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Software: Evolution and Process. - : Wiley. - 2047-7481 .- 2047-7473. ; 33:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With digitalization and with technologies such as software, data, and artificial intelligence, companies in the embedded systems domain are experiencing a rapid transformation of their conventional businesses. While the physical products and associated product sales provide the core revenue, these are increasingly being complemented with service offerings, new data-driven services, and digital products that allow for continuous value creation and delivery to customers. However, although there is significant research on digitalization and digital transformation, few studies highlight the specific needs of embedded systems companies and what it takes to transform from a traditional towards a digital company within business domains characterized by high complexity, hardware dependencies, and safety-critical system functionality. In this paper, we capture the difference between what constitutes a traditional and a digital company and we detail the typical evolution path embedded systems companies take when transitioning towards becoming digital companies.
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| 10. |
- Bosch, Jan, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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Engineering AI Systems: A Research Agenda
- 2020
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Ingår i: Artificial Intelligence Paradigms for Smart Cyber-Physical Systems. - : IGI Global. - 9781799851011 - 9781799851028 ; , s. 1-19
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are increasingly broadly adopted in industry. However, based on well over a dozen case studies, we have learned that deploying industry-strength, production quality ML models in systems proves to be challenging. Companies experience challenges related to data quality, design methods and processes, performance of models as well as deployment and compliance. We learned that a new, structured engineering approach is required to construct and evolve systems that contain ML/DL components. In this chapter, the authors provide a conceptualization of the typical evolution patterns that companies experience when employing ML as well as an overview of the key problems experienced by the companies that they have studied. The main contribution of the chapter is a research agenda for AI engineering that provides an overview of the key engineering challenges surrounding ML solutions and an overview of open items that need to be addressed by the research community at large.
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