| 1. |
- Botteldooren, Dick, et al.
(författare)
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An LAeq is not an LAeq.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. - 0001-4966. ; 117:4, s. 2616-
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Classical dose response relationships for environmental noise annoyance have been based on Ldn or Lden. These exposure measures are essentially based on an energy averaging measure, LAeq. Differences between groups of sources (e.g., continuous or event based) are accounted for by using separate dose-effect relationships. In society today, one often sees that event loudness is traded for number of events which is perfectly acceptable within the LAeq based annoyance concept. Clearly a more unified theory for noise annoyance is needed to fully account for the effect of such trade-offs. In this paper a model implementing such a theory is presented. The perceptual model starts from the premises that a sound event has to be noticed for it to contribute to overall annoyance. The model accounts for the fact that noticing a noise event not only depends on the level of the event itself but also on background noise, sound insulation and acoustic characteristics of the dwelling, level of attention, etc. The severity of the effect of a noticed sound on overall annoyance is assumed to primarily depend on the signal to noise ratio. The model allows to account for modifiers such as previous exposure, noise sensitivity, and coping. The model results are compared to the findings of a recent field experiment. Conclusions based on calculated and experimental trends are presented.
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| 2. |
- De Coensel, B., et al.
(författare)
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A computational model for auditory saliency of environmental sound
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. - : Acoustical Society of America. - 0001-4966 .- 1520-8524. ; 125:4 (part2), s. 2528-2528
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Because the information flow received by the human auditory system exceeds the processing capacity of the brain, neural mechanisms engage and guide attention toward prominent parts of the auditory scene. Several computational models for auditory saliency have been proposed recently. Most of these are concerned with speech recognition, and therefore apply high temporal and spectral precision to relatively short sound fragments. Here, a simplified model is described that specifically targets the long exposure times usually considered in soundscape research. The model trades temporal and spectra accuracy for computational speed, but nevertheless implements the key elements that are present in the calculation of complex auditory saliency maps. A simplified “cochleagram” is calculated from the 1/3-octave band spectrogram using the Zwicker model for specific loudness. Saliency is determined based on spectro-temporal irregularities, extracted in parallel at different feature scales, using a center-surround mechanism. Finally, conspicuous peaks are selected using within-feature and between-feature competitions. The model is shown to behave as expected for a number of typical sounds. As an illustration, saliency calculation results for a set of recordings in urban parks are compared with other acoustical descriptors and with perceptual attribute scales from questionnaire studies.
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| 3. |
- De Coensel, Bert, et al.
(författare)
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A model for the perception of environmental sound based on notice-events
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. - : Acoustical Society of America. - 0001-4966 .- 1520-8524. ; 126:2, s. 656-665
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Anapproach is proposed to shed light on the mechanisms underlyinghuman perception of environmental sound that intrudes in everyday living.Most research on exposure-effect relationships aims at relating overall effectsto overall exposure indicators in an epidemiological fashion, without includingavailable knowledge on the possible underlying mechanisms. Here, it isproposed to start from available knowledge on audition and perceptionto construct a computational framework for the effect of environmentalsound on individuals. Obviously, at the individual level additional mechanisms(inter-sensory, attentional, cognitive, emotional) play a role in the perceptionof environmental sound. As a first step, current knowledge ismade explicit by building a model mimicking some aspects ofhuman auditory perception. This model is grounded in the hypothesisthat long-term perception of environmental sound is determined primarily byshort notice-events. The applicability of the notice-event model is illustratedby simulating a synthetic population exposed to typical Flemish environmentalnoise. From these simulation results, it is demonstrated that thenotice-event model is able to mimic the differences between theannoyance caused by road traffic noise exposure and railway trafficnoise exposure that are also observed empirically in other studiesand thus could provide an explanation for these differences.
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| 4. |
- De coensel, Bert, et al.
(författare)
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Soundscape classifying ants
- 2007
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Ingår i: Proc. Inter-Noise 2007. ; , s. Paper IN07–431-
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 5. |
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