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| 2. |
- Dawson, Stephen, et al.
(författare)
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Electoral competition, political parties and clientelism: evidence from local elections in South Africa
- 2023
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Ingår i: Democratization. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1351-0347 .- 1743-890X. ; 30:3, s. 479-500
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- How does electoral competition shape parties’use of clientelist strategies duringelections? In this article, we present a theoretical framework which suggests that incontexts where electoral clientelism is present but not ubiquitous, clienteliststrategies take a distinctive form by being more considered and rationally targetedat individuals and areas that maximize the value of the transaction for theclientelist party. Using individual-level survey data collected in the aftermath of theSouth African municipal elections of 2016, wefind considerable evidence tosuggest that electoral competition moderates the relationship between severalindividual and municipal level variables and individuals’exposure to clientelistcampaigns. Our results also demonstrate how the subtleties of targeting strategiesdiffer between dominant and opposition parties depending on the level ofcompetitiveness. Thesefindings suggest the presence of a rational politicaleconomy of clientelism where parties carefully tailor their clientelist strategies tosuit the local context
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| 3. |
- Dawson, Michael N., et al.
(författare)
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A second horizon scan of biogeography: Golden ages, Midas touches, and the Red Queen
- 2016
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Ingår i: Frontiers of Biogeography. - : University of California. - 1948-6596. ; 8:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Are we entering a new 'Golden Age' of biogeography, with continued development of infrastructure and ideas? We highlight recent developments, and the challenges and opportunities they bring, in light of the snapshot provided by the 7th biennial meeting of the International Biogeography Society (IBS 2015). We summarize themes in and across 15 symposia using narrative analysis and word clouds, which we complement with recent publication trends and 'research fronts'. We find that biogeography is still strongly defined by core sub-disciplines that reflect its origins in botanical, zoological (particularly bird and mammal), and geographic (e.g., island, montane) studies of the 1800s. That core is being enriched by large datasets (e.g. of environmental variables, 'omics', species' occurrences, traits) and new techniques (e.g., advances in genetics, remote sensing, modeling) that promote studies with increasing detail and at increasing scales; disciplinary breadth is being diversified (e.g., by developments in paleobiogeography and microbiology) and integrated through the transfer of approaches and sharing of theory (e.g., spatial modeling and phylogenetics in evolutionary-ecological contexts). Yet some subdisciplines remain on the fringe (e.g., marine biogeography, deep-time paleobiogeography), new horizons and new theory may be overshadowed by popular techniques (e.g., species distribution modelling), and hypotheses, data, and analyses may each be wanting. Trends in publication suggest a shift away from traditional biogeography journals to multidisciplinary or open access journals. Thus, there are currently many opportunities and challenges as biogeography increasingly addresses human impacts on, and stewardship of, the planet (e.g., Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services). As in the past, biogeographers doubtless will continue to be engaged by new data and methods in exploring the nexus between biology and geography for decades into the future. But golden ages come and go, and they need not touch every domain in a discipline nor affect subdisciplines at the same time; moreover, what appears to be a Golden Age may sometimes have an undesirable 'Midas touch'. Contexts within and outwith biogeography-e.g., methods, knowledge, climate, biodiversity, politics-are continually changing, and at times it can be challenging to establish or maintain relevance. In so many races with the Red Queen, we suggest that biogeography will enjoy greatest success if we also increasingly engage with the epistemology of our discipline.
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| 4. |
- Chen, Jingjing, et al.
(författare)
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Slippage on Porous Spherical Superhydrophobic Surface Revolutionizes Heat Transfer of Non-Newtonian Fluid
- 2022
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Ingår i: Advanced Materials Interfaces. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2196-7350. ; 9:34
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, a new strategy to achieve high-efficient heat transfer for non-Newtonian fluids with slippage using a stably prepared superhydrophobic coating is presented. A superhydrophobic coating is prepared on the inner surface of a sleeve at specific shear stress. The slippage and heat-transfer processes of the typical non-Newtonian fluid–1% carboxymethyl cellulose solutions on the superhydrophobic coating are investigated simultaneously. A novel porous spherical type of superhydrophobic coating with a contact angle of 168° is obtained. It is found that the shear stress in electrodeposition is a key parameter to control the morphology and wetting ability of the superhydrophobic coating. The slip length and enhancement factor of heat transfer for the non-Newtonian fluid on the coating are found in a range of 20–900 µm and 1.47 experimentally. A new parameter is proposed as Reynolds number Re divided by the dimensionless slip length ls* (Re/ls*) for the heat-transfer enhancement with slippage, which can be used as the guide for designing coating and selecting the operating conditions. The Re/ls* is <4, which can enhance the heat transfer via the slippage.
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| 5. |
- Evangeliou, N., et al.
(författare)
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Wildfires in northern Eurasia affect the budget of black carbon in the Arctic - a 12-year retrospective synopsis (2002-2013)
- 2016
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Chemistry And Physics. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1680-7316 .- 1680-7324. ; 16:12, s. 7587-7604
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent decades much attention has been given to the Arctic environment, where climate change is happening rapidly. Black carbon (BC) has been shown to be a major component of Arctic pollution that also affects the radiative balance. In the present study, we focused on how vegetation fires that occurred in northern Eurasia during the period of 2002-2013 influenced the budget of BC in the Arctic. For simulating the transport of fire emissions from northern Eurasia to the Arctic, we adopted BC fire emission estimates developed independently by GFED3 (Global Fire Emissions Database) and FEI-NE (Fire Emission Inventory - northern Eurasia). Both datasets were based on fire locations and burned areas detected by MODIS (Moderate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) instruments on NASA's (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) Terra and Aqua satellites. Anthropogenic sources of BC were adopted from the MACCity (Monitoring Atmospheric Composition and Climate and megacity Zoom for the Environment) emission inventory. During the 12-year period, an average area of 250aEuro-000aEuro-km(2)aEuro-yr(-1) was burned in northern Eurasia (FEI-NE) and the global emissions of BC ranged between 8.0 and 9.5aEuro-TgaEuro-yr(-1) (FEI-NE+MACCity). For the BC emitted in the Northern Hemisphere (based on FEI-NE+MACCity), about 70aEuro-% originated from anthropogenic sources and the rest from biomass burning (BB). Using the FEI-NE+MACCity inventory, we found that 102aEuro-+/- aEuro-29aEuro-ktaEuro-yr(-1) BC was deposited in the Arctic (defined here as the area north of 67A degrees aEuro-N) during the 12 years simulated, which was twice as much as when using the MACCity inventory (56aEuro-+/- aEuro-8aEuro-ktaEuro-yr(-1)). The annual mass of BC deposited in the Arctic from all sources (FEI-NE in northern Eurasia, MACCity elsewhere) is significantly higher by about 37aEuro-% in 2009 (78 vs. 57aEuro-ktaEuro-yr(-1)) to 181aEuro-% in 2012 (153 vs. 54aEuro-ktaEuro-yr(-1)), compared to the BC deposited using just the MACCity emission inventory. Deposition of BC in the Arctic from BB sources in the Northern Hemisphere thus represents 68aEuro-% of the BC deposited from all BC sources (the remaining being due to anthropogenic sources). Northern Eurasian vegetation fires (FEI-NE) contributed 85aEuro-% (79-91aEuro-%) to the BC deposited over the Arctic from all BB sources in the Northern Hemisphere. We estimate that about 46aEuro-% of the BC deposited over the Arctic from vegetation fires in northern Eurasia originated from Siberia, 6aEuro-% from Kazakhstan, 5aEuro-% from Europe, and about 1aEuro-% from Mongolia. The remaining 42aEuro-% originated from other areas in northern Eurasia. About 42aEuro-% of the BC released from northern Eurasian vegetation fires was deposited over the Arctic (annual average: 17aEuro-%) during spring and summer.
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| 6. |
- Hudson, Brian
(författare)
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Professional knowledge for mathematics teaching
- 2024
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Ingår i: Research Handbook on Curriculum and Education. - : Edward Elgar Publishing. - 9781802208535 - 9781802208542 ; , s. 292-301
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Evang, Johan Arild, et al.
(författare)
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Reduced levels of E-cadherin correlate with progression of corticotroph pituitary tumours
- 2011
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Ingår i: Clinical Endocrinology. - Oxford : Wiley. - 0300-0664 .- 1365-2265. ; 75:6, s. 811-818
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES:Loss of E-cadherin is an important marker of epithelial tumour progression. The aims of this study were to explore whether E-cadherin expression and localization correlate to corticotroph tumour progression, relate the expression of the E-cadherin gene (CDH1) to immunohistochemical E-cadherin staining pattern, and study whether the E-cadherin levels were correlated to methylation status of the CDH1 promoter region.DESIGN:Immunohistochemical analyses of E-cadherin protein were performed, as was RT-qPCR of the CDH1 and the POMC genes. Methylation pattern of the promoter region of CDH1 was measured using pyrosequencing of bisulfite-treated DNA.PATIENTS:Forty-five patients operated at a tertiary referral centre in Oslo, Norway. Adenoma tissue sections and RNA samples from patients with verified Cushing's disease or Nelson's syndrome were collected.MEASUREMENTS:Expression of E-cadherin mRNA and protein in pituitary corticotroph adenomas and average percentage of methylated cytosines in a cytosine-phosphate-guanosine island of the CDH1 promoter.RESULTS:Correlations were observed between tumour progression and both nuclear expression of E-cadherin and reduced CDH1 mRNA. The E-cadherin expression was not determined by the methylation pattern of the CDH1 promoter.CONCLUSIONS:Corticotroph tumour progression was associated with reduced expression of the epithelial marker E-cadherin.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Timmusk, Salme
(författare)
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Paenibacillus polymyxa biofilm polysaccharides antagonise Fusarium graminearum
- 2019
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) caused by Fusarium graminearum pathogens constitutes a major threat to agricultural production because it frequently reduces the yield and quality of the crop. The disease severity is predicted to increase in various regions owing to climate change. Integrated management where biocontrol plays an important role has been suggested in order to fight FHB. P. polymyxa A26 is known to be an effective antagonist against F. graminearum. Deeper understanding of the mode of action of P. polymyxa A26 is needed to develop strategies for its application under natural settings in order to effectively overcome the pathogenic effects. This study aims to re-evaluate a former study and reveal whether compounds other than non-ribosomal antibiotic lipopeptides could be responsible for the antagonistic effect, despite what is often reported. Wheat seedlings were grown to maturity and the spikes infected with the pathogen under greenhouse conditions. The development of FHB infection, quantified via the disease incidence severity and 100-kernel weight, was strongly correlated (r > 0.78, p < 0.01) with the content of the polysaccharide component D-glucuronic acid in the biofilm. Furthermore, while increased inoculum density from 10(6) to 10(8) cells/ml did not affect wild type performance, a significant increase was observed with the P. polymyxa mutant deficient in nonribosomal lipopeptide synthesis. Our results show that P. polymyxa A26 biofilm extracellular polysaccharides are capable of antagonizing F. graminearum and that the uronate content of the polysaccharides is of critical importance in the antagonism.
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