| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Garcia-Martin, E. Elena, et al.
(författare)
-
Sources, Composition, and Export of Particulate Organic Matter Across British Estuaries
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Journal of Geophysical Research - Biogeosciences. - : American Geophysical Union (AGU). - 2169-8953 .- 2169-8961. ; 128:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Estuaries receive and process a large amount of particulate organic carbon (POC) prior to its export into coastal waters. Studying the origin of this POC is key to understanding the fate of POC and the role of estuaries in the global carbon cycle. Here, we evaluated the concentrations of POC, as well as particulate organic nitrogen (PON), and used stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes to assess their sources across 13 contrasting British estuaries during five different sampling campaigns over 1 year. We found a high variability in POC and PON concentrations across the salinity gradient, reflecting inputs, and losses of organic material within the estuaries. Catchment land cover appeared to influence the contribution of POC to the total organic carbon flux from the estuary to coastal waters, with POC contributions >36% in estuaries draining catchments with a high percentage of urban/suburban land, and <11% in estuaries draining catchments with a high peatland cover. There was no seasonal pattern in the isotopic composition of POC and PON, suggesting similar sources for each estuary over time. Carbon isotopic ratios were depleted (-26.7 +/- 0.42 parts per thousand, average +/- sd) at the lowest salinity waters, indicating mainly terrigenous POC (TPOC). Applying a two-source mixing model, we observed high variability in the contribution of TPOC at the highest salinity waters between estuaries, with a median value of 57%. Our results indicate a large transport of terrigenous organic carbon into coastal waters, where it may be buried, remineralized, or transported offshore. Plain Language Summary Estuaries transport and process a large amount terrigenous particulate organic matter (i.e., carbon and nitrogen) prior to its export to coastal waters. In order to understand the fate of organic carbon and the role of estuaries in the global carbon cycle it is essential to improve our knowledge on its composition, origin, and amount of carbon transported. We quantified the elemental concentrations and stable isotopes composition of carbon and nitrogen to quantify the amount of terrigenous particulate organic matter transported by 13 British estuaries, which drain catchments of diverse land cover under different hydrological conditions. We found a great variability in particulate organic carbon (POC) and particulate organic nitrogen concentrations across the salinity gradient, implying inputs, and losses of material within the estuaries. Each estuary had similar sources of particulate material throughout the year. In most of the estuaries, the POC had a terrigenous origin at the lowest salinity waters. The terrigenous organic carbon contribution decreased toward coastal waters with an average contribution of 57% at the highest salinity waters, indicating a large transport of terrigenous organic carbon into coastal waters.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Gurke, Robert, et al.
(författare)
-
Omics and Multi-Omics Analysis for the Early Identification and Improved Outcome of Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Biomedicines. - : MDPI AG. - 2227-9059. ; 10:10
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The definitive diagnosis and early treatment of many immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) is hindered by variable and overlapping clinical manifestations. Psoriatic arthritis (PsA), which develops in similar to 30% of people with psoriasis, is a key example. This mixed-pattern IMID is apparent in entheseal and synovial musculoskeletal structures, but a definitive diagnosis often can only be made by clinical experts or when an extensive progressive disease state is apparent. As with other IMIDs, the detection of multimodal molecular biomarkers offers some hope for the early diagnosis of PsA and the initiation of effective management and treatment strategies. However, specific biomarkers are not yet available for PsA. The assessment of new markers by genomic and epigenomic profiling, or the analysis of blood and synovial fluid/tissue samples using proteomics, metabolomics and lipidomics, provides hope that complex molecular biomarker profiles could be developed to diagnose PsA. Importantly, the integration of these markers with high-throughput histology, imaging and standardized clinical assessment data provides an important opportunity to develop molecular profiles that could improve the diagnosis of PsA, predict its occurrence in cohorts of individuals with psoriasis, differentiate PsA from other IMIDs, and improve therapeutic responses. In this review, we consider the technologies that are currently deployed in the EU IMI2 project HIPPOCRATES to define biomarker profiles specific for PsA and discuss the advantages of combining multi-omics data to improve the outcome of PsA patients.
|
|
| 5. |
- Ishigaki, Kazuyoshi, et al.
(författare)
-
Multi-ancestry genome-wide association analyses identify novel genetic mechanisms in rheumatoid arthritis
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Nature. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 54:11, s. 1640-1651
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a highly heritable complex disease with unknown etiology. Multi-ancestry genetic research of RA promises to improve power to detect genetic signals, fine-mapping resolution and performances of polygenic risk scores (PRS). Here, we present a large-scale genome-wide association study (GWAS) of RA, which includes 276,020 samples from five ancestral groups. We conducted a multi-ancestry meta-analysis and identified 124 loci (P < 5 × 10−8), of which 34 are novel. Candidate genes at the novel loci suggest essential roles of the immune system (for example, TNIP2 and TNFRSF11A) and joint tissues (for example, WISP1) in RA etiology. Multi-ancestry fine-mapping identified putatively causal variants with biological insights (for example, LEF1). Moreover, PRS based on multi-ancestry GWAS outperformed PRS based on single-ancestry GWAS and had comparable performance between populations of European and East Asian ancestries. Our study provides several insights into the etiology of RA and improves the genetic predictability of RA.
|
|
| 6. |
- Marker, Jeffery
(författare)
-
Forests, Functions, and Food Webs : Riparian processes through an ecological and molecular lens
- 2023
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Riparian systems are critical ecological interfaces that have a significant impact on the surrounding aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. The riparian and surrounding systems have significant roles in regulating energy flow, providing essential nutrients, and supporting unique species, making them important for ecosystem function. Both the aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems are reliant on the reciprocal exchange of energy subsides to maintain productive and stable food webs. Retention of forested buffers along streams during tree felling operations is a common management technique used to protect aquatic resources and conserve the surrounding ecosystem processes. Measuring the effects of forestry practices on the function and food webs of riparian predators is vital to making forest management decisions that strengthen and protect these fundamental services. Insight into predator function and predator-prey interactions using powerful molecular techniques can further the understanding of these complex systems and help to mitigate the effects of forestry practices.This thesis explores the functional diversity, food webs, and predator-prey interactions in riparian systems impacted by forestry felling practices. I have studied the effects of clear-cutting and forested buffer zones on riparian functional diversity through the assessment of functional richness and redundancy of spider and plant communities. In addition, I have both validated and used stable isotope analysis and DNA metabarcoding to investigate the primary food sources and prey choices of riparian predators. Riparian buffer size had no direct effect on the functional richness or redundancy of riparian spiders and vascular plants. However, riparian buffer variables such as canopy closure, buffer density, and vegetation coverage did have direct impacts on both spider and plant function. Most riparian spiders and brown trout received a significant majority of their food source from the terrestrial environment and the presence or absence of a riparian buffer did not effect this outcome. However, web-weaving spiders in unbuffered systems were more likely to exploit aquatic resources as a primary food source. Overall, the responses of predator function and food webs to forestry practice are site-specific.
|
|
| 7. |
- Kanai, M, et al.
(författare)
-
- 2023
-
swepub:Mat__t
|
|
