| 1. |
- Rosser, Z H, et al.
(författare)
-
Y-chromosomal diversity in Europe is clinal and influenced primarily by geography, rather than by language.
- 2000
-
Ingår i: American Journal of Human Genetics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9297 .- 1537-6605. ; 67:6, s. 1526-43
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Clinal patterns of autosomal genetic diversity within Europe have been interpreted in previous studies in terms of a Neolithic demic diffusion model for the spread of agriculture; in contrast, studies using mtDNA have traced many founding lineages to the Paleolithic and have not shown strongly clinal variation. We have used 11 human Y-chromosomal biallelic polymorphisms, defining 10 haplogroups, to analyze a sample of 3,616 Y chromosomes belonging to 47 European and circum-European populations. Patterns of geographic differentiation are highly nonrandom, and, when they are assessed using spatial autocorrelation analysis, they show significant clines for five of six haplogroups analyzed. Clines for two haplogroups, representing 45% of the chromosomes, are continentwide and consistent with the demic diffusion hypothesis. Clines for three other haplogroups each have different foci and are more regionally restricted and are likely to reflect distinct population movements, including one from north of the Black Sea. Principal-components analysis suggests that populations are related primarily on the basis of geography, rather than on the basis of linguistic affinity. This is confirmed in Mantel tests, which show a strong and highly significant partial correlation between genetics and geography but a low, nonsignificant partial correlation between genetics and language. Genetic-barrier analysis also indicates the primacy of geography in the shaping of patterns of variation. These patterns retain a strong signal of expansion from the Near East but also suggest that the demographic history of Europe has been complex and influenced by other major population movements, as well as by linguistic and geographic heterogeneities and the effects of drift.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
- Manco-Johnson, MJ, et al.
(författare)
-
Physical therapy and imaging outcome measures in a haemophilia population treated with factor prophylaxis: current status and future directions
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Haemophilia. - : Wiley. - 1351-8216 .- 1365-2516. ; 10, s. 88-93
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Routine infusions of factor VIII to prevent bleeding, known as prophylaxis, and other intensive therapies are being more broadly applied to patients with haemophilia. These therapies differ widely in replacement product usage, cost, frequency of venous access and parental effort. In order to address residual issues relating to recommendations, implementation, and evaluations of prophylaxis therapy in persons with haemophila, a multinational working group was formed and called the International Prophylaxis Study Group (IPSG). The group was comprised of haemophilia treaters actively involved in studies of prophylaxis from North America and Europe. Two expert committees, the Physical Therapy (PT) Working Group and the Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Working Group were organized to critically assess existing tools for assessment of Joint outcome. These two committees independently concluded that the WFH Physical Examination Scale (WFH PE Scale) and the WFH X-ray Scale (WFH XR Scale) were inadequately sensitive to detect early changes in Joints. New scales were developed based on suggested modifications of the existing scales and called the Haemophilia joint Health Score (HJHS) and the International MRI Scales. The new scales were piloted. Concordance was measured by the intra-class correlation coefficient of variation. Reliability of the HJHS was excellent with an inter-observer co-efficient of 0.83 and a test-retest value of 0.89. The MRI study was conducted using both Denver and European scoring approaches; inter-reader reliability using the two approaches was 0.88 and 0.87; test-retest reliability was 0.92 and 0.93. These new PT and MRI scales promise to improve outcome assessment in children on early preventive treatment regimens.
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
- Abrahamsson, R., et al.
(författare)
-
Elimination of leakage and ground-bounce effects in ground-penetrating radar data
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 11th IEEE Signal Processing Workshop on Statistical Signal Processing, 2001. - 0780370112 ; , s. 150-153
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We address the problem of removing specular ground surface reflections and leakage/cross-talk from downward looking stepped frequency ground-penetrating radar (GPR) data. A new model for the ground-bounce and the leakage/cross-talk is introduced. An algorithm that jointly estimates these effects from collected data is presented. The algorithm has the sound foundation of a nonlinear least squares (LS) fit to the presented model. The minimization is performed in a cyclic manner where one step is a linear LS minimization and the other step is a non-linear LS minimization where the optimum can efficiently be found using, e.g., the chirp-transform algorithm. The results after applying the algorithm to measured GPR data, collected at a US army test range, are also shown
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
