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- Abdulla, Parosh, et al.
(författare)
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Zone-Based Universality Analysis for Single-Clock Timed Automata
- 2007
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Ingår i: International Symposium on Fundamentals of Software Engineering, Proceedings. - 9783540756972 ; , s. 98-112
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the last years, timed automata have become a popular model for describing the behaviour of real-time systems. In particular, there has been much research on problems such as language inclusion and universality. It is well-known that the universality problem is undecidable for the class of timed automata with two or more clocks. Recently, it was shown that the problem becomes decidable if the automata are restricted to operate on a single clock variable. However, existing algorithms use a region-based constraint system and suffer from constraint explosion even for small examples. In this paper, we present a zone-based algorithm for solving the universality problem for single-clock timed automata. We apply the theory of better quasi-orderings, a refinement of the theory of well quasi-orderings, to prove termination of the algorithm. We have implemented a prototype based on our method, and checked universality for a number of timed automata. Comparisons with a region-based prototype confirm that zones are a more succinct representation, and hence allow a much more efficient implementation of the universality algorithm.
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| 3. |
- Box, Jason E., et al.
(författare)
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Key indicators of Arctic climate change: 1971–2017
- 2019
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Ingår i: Environmental Research Letters. - : IOP Publishing. - 1748-9326. ; 14:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Key observational indicators of climate change in the Arctic, most spanning a 47 year period (1971–2017) demonstrate fundamental changes among nine key elements of the Arctic system. We find that, coherent with increasing air temperature, there is an intensification of the hydrological cycle, evident from increases in humidity, precipitation, river discharge, glacier equilibrium line altitude and land ice wastage. Downward trends continue in sea ice thickness (and extent) and spring snow cover extent and duration, while near-surface permafrost continues to warm. Several of the climate indicators exhibit a significant statistical correlation with air temperature or precipitation, reinforcing the notion that increasing air temperatures and precipitation are drivers of major changes in various components of the Arctic system. To progress beyond a presentation of the Arctic physical climate changes, we find a correspondence between air temperature and biophysical indicators such as tundra biomass and identify numerous biophysical disruptions with cascading effects throughout the trophic levels. These include: increased delivery of organic matter and nutrients to Arctic near‐coastal zones; condensed flowering and pollination plant species periods; timing mismatch between plant flowering and pollinators; increased plant vulnerability to insect disturbance; increased shrub biomass; increased ignition of wildfires; increased growing season CO2 uptake, with counterbalancing increases in shoulder season and winter CO2 emissions; increased carbon cycling, regulated by local hydrology and permafrost thaw; conversion between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems; and shifting animal distribution and demographics. The Arctic biophysical system is now clearly trending away from its 20th Century state and into an unprecedented state, with implications not only within but beyond the Arctic. The indicator time series of this study are freely downloadable at AMAP.no.
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| 4. |
- Murata, Takahiro, et al.
(författare)
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Traffic accident prevention for senior citizens in Japan
- 1996
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Ingår i: Proceedings of International forum on road safety research. Conference in Bangkok, Thailand, October 25-27, 1995. - Linköping : Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut. ; , s. 205-213
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 5. |
- Shukla, Shashi Kant, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Is basicity the sole criterion for attaining high carbon dioxide capture in deep-eutectic solvents?
- 2020
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Ingår i: Physical Chemistry, Chemical Physics - PCCP. - : The Royal Society of Chemistry. - 1463-9076 .- 1463-9084. ; 22:3, s. 966-970
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A critical analysis of the role of Hammett basicity (H−) and aqueous basicity (pKa) in CO2 uptake in deep-eutectic solvents (DESs) suggests that neither H− nor pKa correlates with the CO2 w/w% capacity in the studied DESs. Instead, strong “synergistic interactions” between donor and acceptor moieties satisfactorily relate to the w/w% of CO2 in DESs.
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| 7. |
- Ginks, Matthew R., et al.
(författare)
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Relationship between intracardiac impedance and left ventricular contractility in patients undergoing cardiac resynchronization therapy
- 2011
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Ingår i: Europace. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1099-5129 .- 1532-2092. ; 13:7, s. 984-991
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) has dramatically improved the symptoms and prognosis of patients with heart failure in large randomized clinical trials. Optimization of device settings may maximize benefit on an individual basis, although the best method for this is not yet established. We evaluated the use of cardiogenic impedance measurements (derived from intracardiac impedance signals) in CRT device optimization, using invasive left ventricular (LV) dP/dt(max) as the reference. Methods and results Seventeen patients underwent invasive haemodynamic assessment using a pressure wire placed in the LV cavity at the time of CRT device implantation. Intracardiac impedance measurements were made at different atrioventricular (AV) and interventricular (VV) delays and compared with LV dP/dt(max). We assessed the performance of patient-specific and generic impedance-based models in predicting acute haemodynamic response to CRT. In two patients, LV catheterization with the pressure wire was unsuccessful and in two patients LV lead delivery was unsuccessful; therefore, data were acquired for 13 out of 17 patients. Left ventricular dP/dt(max) was 919 +/- 182 mmHg/s at baseline and this increased acutely (by 24%) to 1121 +/- 226 mmHg/s as a result of CRT. The patient-specific impedance-based model correctly predicted the optimal haemodynamic response (to within 5% points) for AV and VV delays in 90 and 92% of patients, respectively. Conclusion Cardiogenic impedance measurements are capable of correctly identifying the maximum achievable LV dP/dt(max) as measured by invasive haemodynamic assessment. This study suggests that cardiogenic impedance can potentially be used for CRT optimization and may have a role in ambulatory assessment of haemodynamics.
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| 10. |
- Tsitrone, E., et al.
(författare)
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Multi machine scaling of fuel retention in 4 carbon dominated tokamaks
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Nuclear Materials. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-3115 .- 1873-4820. ; 415:1, s. S735-S739
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to benchmark predictions for the in vessel tritium inventory in ITER, a survey of fuel retention measured in 4 carbon dominated tokamaks (TEXTOR, ASDEX Upgrade in the 2002-2003 carbon configuration, Tore Supra and JET) was performed, showing retention rates from similar to 1 g D/h in TEXTOR (L mode, limiter machine) up to similar to 6-12 g D/h in AUG (H mode, divertor machine). A simple scaling used for ITER predictions is applied for comparison with experimental values: (1) estimate of wall fluxes, (2) estimate of the gross carbon erosion, (3) estimate of the net erosion/redeposition assuming a redeposition fraction and (4) estimate of the retention rate using D/C ratio scalings. The validity of each step is discussed, showing that this approach yields the right order of magnitude, but tends to underestimate the experimental values unless a high wall flux, a low local redeposition fraction and/or a high D/C ratio are used.
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