| 1. |
- Birney, Ewan, et al.
(författare)
-
Identification and analysis of functional elements in 1% of the human genome by the ENCODE pilot project
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 447:7146, s. 799-816
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report the generation and analysis of functional data from multiple, diverse experiments performed on a targeted 1% of the human genome as part of the pilot phase of the ENCODE Project. These data have been further integrated and augmented by a number of evolutionary and computational analyses. Together, our results advance the collective knowledge about human genome function in several major areas. First, our studies provide convincing evidence that the genome is pervasively transcribed, such that the majority of its bases can be found in primary transcripts, including non-protein-coding transcripts, and those that extensively overlap one another. Second, systematic examination of transcriptional regulation has yielded new understanding about transcription start sites, including their relationship to specific regulatory sequences and features of chromatin accessibility and histone modification. Third, a more sophisticated view of chromatin structure has emerged, including its inter-relationship with DNA replication and transcriptional regulation. Finally, integration of these new sources of information, in particular with respect to mammalian evolution based on inter- and intra-species sequence comparisons, has yielded new mechanistic and evolutionary insights concerning the functional landscape of the human genome. Together, these studies are defining a path for pursuit of a more comprehensive characterization of human genome function.
|
|
| 2. |
- Dugopolski, Rebecca A., et al.
(författare)
-
Short-term effects of a buffered alum treatment on Green Lake sediment phosphorus speciation
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Lake and reservoir management. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1040-2381 .- 2151-5530. ; 24:2, s. 181-189
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Green Lake, Washington, was treated with a dose of 24 mg Al/L aluminum sulfate (alum) and sodium aluminate during March-April 2004 to reduce dissolved phosphorus concentrations to ameliorate a variety of eutrophication-related problems. Four sediment cores collected six months after the alum treatment in Green Lake were used to examine the short-term effects of alum on sediment phosphorus speciation. Peaks in aluminum bound phosphorus (Al-P) and total aluminum (Tot-Al) were observed in three of the four cores analyzed, resulting in an average ratio of added Al to Al-P formed (Al:Al-P) of 112:1. By comparing this ratio to the average ratio of similar to 11:1 found in other alum-treated Washington lakes, it can be inferred that approximately 10% of the binding capacity of the added Al had been utilized. Assuming a final ratio of Al:Al-P of 11:1, the added Al has the potential capacity to bind a total of 21.6 g/m(2) of P. The amount of sediment inorganic P that supports internal loading (Fe-P and labile-P) in the fall of 2004 was determined to be 2.8 g/m(2). Thus the quantity of alum added to Green Lake should be sufficient to inactivate the remaining inorganic mobile-P and to control future P mobilization from the pool of organic sediment P.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Laven, Brett A., et al.
(författare)
-
Birth weight, abdominal obesity and the risk of lower urinary tract symptoms in a population based study of Swedish men
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Journal of Urology. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 0022-5347 .- 1527-3792. ; 179:5, s. 1891-1896
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PurposeLower urinary tract symptoms and obesity are prominent health problems. Low birth weight increases the adult risk of adiposity and insulin resistance, which may increase sympathetic activity and potentially lower urinary tract symptoms. Results of obesity and lower urinary tract symptoms studies are conflicting, and low birth weight and lower urinary tract symptoms relationships have not been investigated.Materials and MethodsThis cross-sectional study examines lower urinary tract symptoms, body measures, activity, birth weight and lifestyle data collected by questionnaire from 1997 to 1998. Overall 27,858 men were analyzed and odds ratios calculated after excluding those with cancer, cerebrovascular accident, diabetes and incomplete information.ResultsAfter adjustment for age, activity level, smoking, alcohol, coffee intake and body mass index, a significant positive association was seen between abdominal obesity (waist-to-hip ratio) and moderate to severe lower urinary tract symptoms. The risks of moderate to severe and severe lower urinary tract symptoms were 22% (95% CI 1.09–1.37) and 28% (95% CI 1.01–1.63) higher, respectively, for the top vs the lowest abdominal obesity quartile. The risk of nocturia (twice or more per night) was 1.16 (95% CI 1.02–1.33) in men in the top compared to the bottom waist-to-hip ratio quartile. Men with low birth weight (less than 2,500 gm) had a 61% (95% CI 1.12–2.30) higher risk of severe lower urinary tract symptoms compared to men with normal birth weight (2,500 to 3,999 gm). Men in the top waist-to-hip ratio quartile who had low birth weight had twice the risk of severe lower urinary tract symptoms (95% CI 1.29–3.02) compared to men with normal birth weight and in the lowest waist-to-hip ratio quartile.ConclusionsLow birth weight and abdominal adiposity are associated with increased risk of moderate to severe lower urinary tract symptoms in adults. Further investigations are needed to determine if decreases in obesity can ameliorate lower urinary tract symptoms.
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
