| 1. |
- Lind, M. L., et al.
(författare)
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Incidence of hand eczema in female Swedish hairdressers
- 2007
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Ingår i: Occup Environ Med. - : BMJ. - 1470-7926 .- 1351-0711. ; 64:3, s. 191-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To estimate the occurrence of hand eczema in hairdressers in Sweden. METHODS: The occurrence of hand eczema was estimated in a Swedish longitudinal retrospective cohort study including all female graduates from vocational schools for hairdressers from 1970 to 1995. A stratified sample from the general population acted as controls. A self-administered questionnaire including questions on the occurrence of hand eczema, skin atopy, working periods and number of hair treatments performed per week was sent to the participants. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) of hand eczema were estimated. RESULTS: The incidence rate of hand eczema in hairdressers was 23.8 cases/1000 person-years, whereas in hairdressers who were aged <25 years it was 37.1/1000 person-years. The corresponding IRR for hairdressers compared with controls was 2.5 (95% confidence interval (CI) 2.2 to 2.8), and that for younger hairdressers was 3.1 (95% CI 2.6 to 3.5). The mean age at onset of hand eczema was 21.6 years for hairdressers and 21.2 years for controls. The 1-year prevalence of hand eczema was 18.0% for hairdressers and 12.1% for controls. A large number of hair treatments involving exposure to skin irritants and sensitisers were reported. The incidence rate of hand eczema was higher among individuals with a history of childhood eczema, both for hairdressers and for controls, giving an (age-adjusted) IRR of 1.9 and 2.2, respectively. The attributable fraction of hand eczema from skin atopy was 9.6%. A synergistic effect of skin atopy and hairdressing was found on the occurrence of hand eczema. The relative excess risk due to interaction was 1.21 (95% CI 0.21 to 2.21; p = 0.01). CONCLUSION: Hairdressers are highly exposed to skin-damaging substances. The self-reported incidence of hand eczema was substantially higher in female hairdressers than in controls from the general population and than that found previously in register-based studies. For many individuals, onset of hand eczema occurs early in life. Only about 10% of the hand eczema cases among hairdressers would be prevented if no one with skin atopy entered the trade.
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| 2. |
- Meding, B, et al.
(författare)
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Does tobacco smoking influence the occurrence of hand eczema?
- 2009
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Ingår i: The British journal of dermatology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1365-2133 .- 0007-0963. ; 160:3, s. 514-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Tobacco smoking is known to influence various inflammatory skin diseases and an association between tobacco smoking and hand eczema has been proposed in some studies. OBJECTIVES: To examine a possible association between reported current tobacco smoking and the occurrence of hand eczema. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Previously collected questionnaire data on the occurrence of hand eczema in three occupational cohorts and corresponding controls from the general population were studied. The questionnaires used included questions on 1-year prevalence of hand eczema and questions on smoking habits. For one occupational group, hairdressers and their controls, information on amount of smoking was obtained. Information on age, sex and history of atopy was also available. RESULTS: In total, answers regarding smoking and hand eczema were obtained from 13,452 individuals. Out of 3493 smokers, 437 (12.5%) reported hand eczema compared with 1294 out of 9959 nonsmokers (13.0%) (P = 0.51). With regard to the number of cigarettes smoked, 22.6% of the hairdressers smoking more than 10 cigarettes per day reported hand eczema compared with 17.4% of those smoking 0-10 cigarettes per day (P = 0.01). Corresponding figures for the controls were 14.5% and 11.7%, respectively (P = 0.06). CONCLUSIONS: No clear association was found between 1-year prevalence of hand eczema and smoking. Heavy smoking, more than 10 cigarettes per day, may give a slightly increased risk of hand eczema. Further studies with information on the amount of tobacco consumption and on possible confounders are needed to evaluate smoking as a risk factor for hand eczema.
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| 3. |
- Meding, B., et al.
(författare)
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Occupational skin exposure and hand eczema among dental technicians-need for improved prevention
- 2006
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Ingår i: Scand J Work Environ Health.. ; 32:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to estimate occupational skin exposure, the use of skin protection, and the incidence of hand eczema among dental technicians. METHODS: In a retrospective cohort study, dental technicians (N=2139) and randomly selected population controls (N=2288) received a postal questionnaire on occupational skin exposure, protective glove use, and hand eczema, including the year of onset. The response rate was 57% for the dental technicians and 58% for the controls. RESULTS: Altogether 80% of the dental technicians reported skin exposure to uncured (meth)acrylates (MA), and 87% had skin contact with grinding dust from MA. Thirty-nine percent used protective gloves when handling uncured MA. Twenty-two percent of the currently employed technicians reported participation in obligatory training concerning the handling of thermosetting plastics, and 58% did not know how long normally used gloves protected the skin against uncured MA. Altogether 48% of the dental technicians and 30% of the controls reported more than 10 hand washings a day (P<0.001). For the dental technicians, the incidence of hand eczema was 8.5 cases/1000 person-years during MA-exposed time. For the controls, the incidence was 3.3. The incidence rate ratio for the men was 3.6 (95% CI 2.3-5.6), and for the women it was 2.4 (95% CI 1.7-3.3). CONCLUSIONS: The work of dental technicians involves frequent and unprotected exposure to MA and frequent hand washings. Dental technicians have twice the risk of hand eczema than the general population. Efforts to improve skin protection and increase participation in obligatory training about handling thermosetting plastics are important.
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| 4. |
- Norrhall, Maria Fässberg, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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A feasible lifestyle program for early intervention in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a pilot study in primary care.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Primary care respiratory journal : journal of the General Practice Airways Group. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1475-1534. ; 18:4, s. 306-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To evaluate the feasibility of a lifestyle program for early intervention in patients with COPD in a primary care population. METHODS: The study was performed in a Primary Health Care Centre in Western Sweden. During a four-week period, all smokers between 40-70 years of age were invited to answer a questionnaire and to perform spirometry. The intervention program included a specially designed smoking cessation program and programs for physical activity and diet. RESULTS: 84 smokers were included. 42% fulfilled the criteria for COPD. All of the COPD patients were in GOLD stage I and II. Among the COPD subjects, 38% were underweight and 56% had a low fat-free mass - both together indicating malnutrition and the need for nutritional treatment. By the end of the intervention program, 47% of the COPD patients had stopped smoking. CONCLUSIONS: The intervention program was feasible and effective with a very high smoking cessation rate.
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| 5. |
- Sundberg, Rosita, 1944, et al.
(författare)
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Nasal symptoms are associated with school performance in adolescents
- 2007
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Ingår i: J Adolesc Health. - : Elsevier BV. - 1054-139X. ; 40:6, s. 581-3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Children with asthma and allergy have higher school absence rates than others, but little is known about their school performance. In a study of 9538 adolescents, nasal symptoms severe enough to affect daily activity were associated with low-grade sum, particularly in adolescents using anti-allergy medication.
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| 6. |
- Thorn, Jörgen, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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Management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in primary care: a questionnaire survey in western Sweden.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Primary care respiratory journal : journal of the General Practice Airways Group. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-4418. ; 17:1, s. 26-31
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To assess the primary care management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in relation to COPD guidelines. METHOD: A postal questionnaire was sent out to all Primary Health Care Centres (PHCCs) in western Sweden (n=232). The response rate was 75%. RESULTS: A majority of the PHCCs had a nurse and physician responsible for COPD care. They used spirometry equipment regularly, but only 50% reported that they calibrated it at least weekly. Less than 30% of the PHCCs reported access to a dietician, occupational therapist or physiotherapist. There was a structured smoking cessation program in 50% of the PHCCs. Larger PHCCs were more likely to use spirometry equipment regularly and to have specific personnel for COPD care. CONCLUSION: There is a need to establish structured programs for COPD care including smoking cessation programs for COPD patients with special trained staff. Larger PHCCs have a better infrastructure for providing guideline-defined COPD care.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Åberg, Maria A I, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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Fish intake of Swedish male adolescents is a predictor of cognitive performance.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992). - : Wiley. - 1651-2227 .- 0803-5253. ; 98:3, s. 555-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: Fish intake is reported to positively influence cognitive performance in infants and the elderly. In a longitudinal cohort study, we evaluated how fish consumption related to later cognitive performance in healthy young male adolescents. METHODS: In 2000, all 15-year-olds (n = 18 158; 9260 males) in the western region of Sweden were requested to complete an extensive questionnaire with items on diseases, fish consumption and socioeconomic status. Questionnaire data from the male responders (n = 4792, response rate 52%) were linked with records on subsequent intelligence test performance at age 18 from the Swedish Military Conscription Register (n = 3972). Multivariate linear models were used to estimate associations between fish intake and cognitive performance, adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS: There was a positive association between the number of times having fish meals per week at age 15 and cognitive performance measured 3 years later. Fish consumption of more than once per week compared to less than once per week was associated with higher stanine scores in combined intelligence (0.58 units; 95% confidence interval 0.39, 0.76), in verbal performance (0.45; 0.27, 0.63) and in visuospatial performance (0.50; 0.31, 0.69). The association between fish consumption and the 3 intelligence scores was the same in lowly and highly educated groups. This indicates that education did not influence the association between the frequency of fish meals consumed and cognitive performance. CONCLUSION: Frequent fish intake at age 15 was associated with significantly higher cognitive performance 3 years later.
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