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- Adcox, K, et al.
(författare)
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PHENIX detector overview
- 2003
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors, and Associated Equipment. - 0167-5087. ; 499:2-3, s. 469-479
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The PHENIX detector is designed to perform a broad study of A-A, p-A, and p-p collisions to investigate nuclear matter under extreme conditions. A wide variety of probes, sensitive to all timescales, are used to study systematic variations with species and energy as well as to measure the spin structure of the nucleon. Designing for the needs of the heavy-ion and polarized-proton programs has produced a detector with unparalleled capabilities. PHENIX measures electron and muon pairs, photons, and hadrons with excellent energy and momentum resolution. The detector consists of a large number of subsystems that are discussed in other papers in this volume. The overall design parameters of the detector are presented. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
- Adler, SS, et al.
(författare)
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PHENIX on-line systems
- 2003
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors, and Associated Equipment. - 0167-5087. ; 499:2-3, s. 560-592
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The PHENIX On-Line system takes signals from the Front End Modules (FEM) on each detector subsystem for the purpose of generating events for physics analysis. Processing of event data begins when the Data Collection Modules (DCM) receive data via fiber-optic links from the FEMs. The DCMs format and zero suppress the data and generate data packets. These packets go to the Event Builders (EvB) that assemble the events in final form. The Level-1 trigger (LVL1) generates a decision for each beam crossing and eliminates uninteresting events. The FEMs carry out all detector processing of the data so that it is delivered to the DCMs using a standard format. The FEMs also provide buffering for LVL1 trigger processing and DCM data collection. This is carried out using an architecture that is pipelined and deadtimeless. All of this is controlled by the Master Timing System (MTS) that distributes the RHIC clocks. A Level-2 trigger (LVL2) gives additional discrimination. A description of the components and operation of the PHENIX On-Line system is given and the solution to a number of electronic infrastructure problems are discussed. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 10. |
- Britton, M., et al.
(författare)
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Home rehabilitation after stroke. Reviewing the scientific evidence on effects and costs
- 2000
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Ingår i: International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care. - 0266-4623. ; 19:3, s. 842-848
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: The question addressed here is whether home rehabilitation after stroke is better and/or less expensive than the more conventional alternatives, i.e., rehabilitation during inpatient care, day care, and outpatient visits--alone or in combinations appropriate to disease stage and patient needs. Home rehabilitation is managed by teams of professionals who train patients at home. METHODS: The scientific literature was systematically searched for controlled studies comparing outcomes and costs of home rehabilitation with the more conventional strategies. RESULTS: The abstracts of 204 papers were evaluated, from which 89 were selected for greater scrutiny. From the 89 studies, we found 7 controlled studies involving 1,487 patients (6 of the 7 were randomized, 4 of the 6 assessed costs). No statistically significant differences, or tendencies toward differences, were revealed as regards the outcome of home rehabilitation versus hospital-based alternatives. Thus, home rehabilitation was neither better nor worse at improving patients' ability to manage on their own or resume social activities. Depression and reduced quality of life were common in all groups of patients and caregivers, irrespective of the rehabilitation strategy. In the four randomized studies that reported on costs, home rehabilitation was found to be less expensive than regular day care, but not less expensive than conventional strategies even though hospital stay was reduced. CONCLUSION: The outcomes and costs of home rehabilitation after stroke seem to be comparable to alternative treatment strategies.
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