| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Vinther, Frank, et al.
(författare)
-
Predicting optimal back-shock times in ultrafiltration hollow fiber modules II: Effect of inlet flow and concentration dependent viscosity
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Journal of Membrane Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0376-7388. ; 493, s. 486-495
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper concerns mathematical modeling and computational fluid dynamics of back-shocking during hollow fibre ultrafiltration of dextran T500. In this paper we present a mathematical model based on first Principles, i.e., solving the Navier-Stokes equation along with the continuity equation for both the solute and the solvent. We investigate the validity of the estimate On the optimal back-shock time, i.e., the back-shock time needed to achieve the highest permeate flux, published in a previous paper by the authors (Vinther et al., Predicting optimal back-shock times in ultrafiltration hollow fibre membranes, J. Membr. Sci. 470 (2014) 275-293 [33]). Furthermore, the simulations have been performed with two different inlet velocities, i.e., crossflow velocities and are clone with and without a concentration dependent viscosity. This enables us, for the first time, to investigate the effect of different inlet velocities and the effect of a concentration polarization on the observed rejection and the permeate flux, as a function of different back-shock times. In all cases the average permeate flux and the observed rejection during one period of back-shocking were found to be higher than the steady-state values - representing the long time behavior of a similar separation process performed without back-shocking - when using the optimal back-shock time. It is concluded that the estimate of the optimal back-shock time is in good agreement with the optimal time found in the simulations performed in this paper. Furthermore, it is found that the optimal back-shock time increases when the viscosity is allowed to depend on the concentration It is found that this can be explained by a decrease in the velocity tangential to the membrane due to the increase in viscosity where the concentration is high - resulting in a longer time for the concentration polarization to be convected tangentially along the membrane surface. The ratio between the average flux over a back-shock cycle and the steady-state flux is found to increase with increasing inlet velocity. Furthermore, this ratio increases when the viscosity depends on the concentration. This is clue to the relatively lower steady-state value when the viscosity depends on the concentration. Moreover, an increase in observed rejection is found when using back-shocking. The increase in observed rejection is found to be largest when the inlet velocity is high and the viscosity depends on the concentration. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 3. |
- Volkov, Petr, et al.
(författare)
-
A Genome-Wide mQTL Analysis in Human Adipose Tissue Identifies Genetic Variants Associated with DNA Methylation, Gene Expression and Metabolic Traits
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Plos One. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 11:6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Little is known about the extent to which interactions between genetics and epigenetics may affect the risk of complex metabolic diseases and/or their intermediary phenotypes. We performed a genome-wide DNA methylation quantitative trait locus (mQTL) analysis in human adipose tissue of 119 men, where 592,794 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were related to DNA methylation of 477,891 CpG sites, covering 99% of RefSeq genes. SNPs in significant mQTLs were further related to gene expression in adipose tissue and obesity related traits. We found 101,911 SNP-CpG pairs (mQTLs) in cis and 5,342 SNP-CpG pairs in trans showing significant associations between genotype and DNA methylation in adipose tissue after correction for multiple testing, where cis is defined as distance less than 500 kb between a SNP and CpG site. These mQTLs include reported obesity, lipid and type 2 diabetes loci, e.g. ADCY3/POMC, APOA5, CETP, FADS2, GCKR, SORT1 and LEPR. Significant mQTLs were overrepresented in intergenic regions meanwhile underrepresented in promoter regions and CpG islands. We further identified 635 SNPs in significant cis-mQTLs associated with expression of 86 genes in adipose tissue including CHRNA5, G6PC2, GPX7, RPL27A, THNSL2 and ZFP57. SNPs in significant mQTLs were also associated with body mass index (BMI), lipid traits and glucose and insulin levels in our study cohort and public available consortia data. Importantly, the Causal Inference Test (CIT) demonstrates how genetic variants mediate their effects on metabolic traits (e.g. BMI, cholesterol, highdensity lipoprotein (HDL), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)) via altered DNA methylation in human adipose tissue. This study identifies genome-wide interactions between genetic and epigenetic variation in both cis and trans positions influencing gene expression in adipose tissue and in vivo (dys) metabolic traits associated with the development of obesity and diabetes.
|
|
