| 1. |
- Helena Danielsson, Eva Brorström-Lundén, et al.
(author)
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Persistant organic pollutants in Swedishmosses
- 2016
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- On behalf of the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, IVL SwedishEnvironmental Research Institute led in 2015 a project aiming to examine theconcentrations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in mosses.Samples of red-stemmed feathermoss (Pleurozium schreberi) and glittering wood moss(Hylocomium splendens) were collected at 83 rural sampling sites. Of these, 20samples were analysed for the following groups: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), selected organochlorine pesticides,polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), dioxinsand furans (PCDD/PCDFs), dioxin-like PCBs and perfluorinated alkylated substances(PFAS).The sampling sites were selected to cover the whole of Sweden, in both the north-southgradient and in the east-west gradient. The sites were also chosen to represent botheventually elevated concentrations as well as low concentrations of POPs. Informationon locations of industrial activities, population density and monitoring stations fororganic substances in air and precipitation (Swedish national monitoring programme)were also used for the selection of sampling sites.Generally, the concentrations of the analysed substances were very low, often close toor below the quantification limits for the analyses.Significant correlation was found between the concentrations of PAHs, dioxin/furansand dioxin like PCBs in the mosses and the distance to the closest industry, and also tothe distance from the southernmost point in Sweden. p,p-DDE concentrations inmosses showed a correlation to the distance from the southernmost point in Sweden,with the highest concentrations in the south. No correlation was found between theconcentrations of p,p-DDE (one of the DDTs) in mosses and distance to the closestindustry.The concentrations of PAHs in mosses collected at sites located in the vicinity of threeair monitoring stations (Råö, Aspvreten and Pallas) were in agreement with theconcentrations of PAHs in air, with the highest concentrations in mosses and in airfound in the south and the lowest in the north. Comparison between the PAH profile inair and in mosses showed a higher percentage of heavier PAHs in the mosses. Thisindicates a larger proportion of particular bounded PAHs in mosses.HBCDD and PFAS were not detected in any of the analysed moss samples, which isconsistent with a similar study conducted in Norway
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| 2. |
- Remberger, Mikael, et al.
(author)
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Screening tertiary butylphenols, methylphenols, and long-chain alkylphenols in the Swedish environment
- 2004
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- En screeningstudie har utförts med avseende på 30 fenoliska ämnen, däribland 14 tertiära butylfenoler och besläktade substanser, 7 metylfenoler och 9 långkedjiga (C8, C9, C12) alkylfenoler. De huvudsakliga syftena med studien var att bestämma koncentrationer av dessa ämnen i ett flertal olika matriser i den svenska miljön, att spegla viktiga källtyper och att koppla förekomsten i miljön till den nuvarande användningen i Sverige. Ytterligare ett syfte var att undersöka möjligheten för atmosfärisk transport och upptag i biota. Mätningarna utgjordes av ett nationellt samt tre regionala mätprogram om totalt 130 prov fördelade mellan luft, mark, sediment, vatten, avloppsslam och fisk och inkluderade bakgrundsområden, urbana områden, punktkällor och reningsverk.
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Jeanette, et al.
(author)
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Results from the Swedish National Screening programme 2005. Sub report 1 Antibiotics, Anti-inflammatory substances and Hormones
- 2006
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Measurements of pharmaceuticals were performed in 179 samples of water, sludge, manure, sediment and biota at background sites, municipal STPs, landfills, hospital effluents and recipient water from STPs. Bioassays of hormone activity were performed for a selected number of water samples. The NSAIDs were the most frequently detected pharmaceuticals and occurred in the highest concentrations. There were large differences in concentrations both between substances and between sampling sites. A regional trend in the STP effluent water could be observed for the NSAIDs and for some antibiotics with increased concentrations in samples originating from the north. No pattern could be seen for the hormones. Estrogenic effects were detected in STP outlets to the aquatic environment while values obtained for androgenicity were in most samples close to or below the detection limit. Based on the risk asessment (MEC/PNEC) risk quotients >1 was obtained for estradiol, estriol, ethinylestradiol and ibuprofen.
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Kent, et al.
(author)
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PAH i småföretag. Mätning av polycykliska aromatiska kolväten i arbetsmiljön.
- 1985
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Arbetstagares exponering för 11 olika polycykliska aromatiska kolväten (PAH) bl.a. bensopyren har undersökts. Huvuddelen av de undersökta komponenterna är cancerogena och mutagena. Mätningarna som är av stickprovskaraktär har utförts inom följande branscher: bilverkstad, bussgarage, gjuterier (2st), grillrestaurang, rökerier (2st), sotning (2st) samt kreosotimpregnering (3st). Provtagningen har skett genom insamling av partiklar på glasfiberfilter. Totalt har 44 prov analyserats mha HPLC-fluorescensteknik. Vid kreosotimpregnering uttogs även prov på PAH i ångfasen. Insamling skedde på en polymer adsorbent, XAD-2. Resultaten visar att halterna av bensopyren genomgående är låga. I 33 av proven understeg halten 50 ng/m3 (1% av nivågränsvärdet).Totalhalten av de 11 st PAH-föreningar som analyserats varierar kraftigt men ligger vanligtvis mellan 30-300 ng/m3. Halter omkring 5000 ng/m3 förekommer. Bensopyren-halten utgör vanligen c:a 1-5 % av totalhalten identifierade PAH. Mätningar av ett 10-tal PAH-komponenter ger en bättre uppfattning och den totala PAH-belastningen i en arbetsmiljö jämfört med mätning av enbart bensopyren eftersom bensopyrens andel av den totala PAH-halten inte är konstant utan varierar stort.
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| 5. |
- Bidleman, Terry, et al.
(author)
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Atmospheric pathways of chlorinated pesticides and natural bromoanisoles in the northern Baltic Sea and its catchment
- 2015
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In: Ambio. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 44, s. 472-483
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Long-range atmospheric transport is a major pathway for delivering persistent organic pollutants to the oceans. Atmospheric deposition and volatilization of chlorinated pesticides and algae-produced bromoanisoles (BAs) were estimated for Bothnian Bay, northern Baltic Sea, based on air and water concentrations measured in 2011-2012. Pesticide fluxes were estimated using monthly air and water temperatures and assuming 4 months ice cover when no exchange occurs. Fluxes were predicted to increase by about 50 % under a 2069-2099 prediction scenario of higher temperatures and no ice. Total atmospheric loadings to Bothnian Bay and its catchment were derived from air-sea gas exchange and bulk'' (precipitation ? dry particle) deposition, resulting in net gains of 53 and 46 kg year(-1) for endosulfans and hexachlorocyclohexanes, respectively, and net loss of 10 kg year(-1) for chlordanes. Volatilization of BAs releases bromine to the atmosphere and may limit their residence time in Bothnian Bay. This initial study provides baseline information for future investigations of climate change on biogeochemical cycles in the northern Baltic Sea and its catchment.
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| 6. |
- Bidleman, Terry F., et al.
(author)
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Atmospheric transport and deposition of bromoanisoles along a temperate to arctic gradient
- 2017
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In: Environmental Science and Technology. - Washington : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1086-931X .- 1520-6912 .- 0013-936X .- 1520-5851. ; 51:19, s. 10974-10982
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Bromoanisoles (BAs) arise from O-methylation of bromophenols, produced by marine algae and invertebrates. BAs undergo sea-air exchange and are transported over the oceans. Here we report 2,4-DiBA and 2,4,6-TriBA in air and deposition on the Swedish west coast (Råö) and the interior of arctic Finland (Pallas). Results are discussed in perspective with previous measurements in the northern Baltic region in 2011−2013. BAs in air decreased from south to north in the order Råö > northern Baltic > Pallas. Geometric mean concentrations at Pallas increased significantly (p < 0.05) between 2002 and 2015 for 2,4-DiBA but not for 2,4,6-TriBA. The logarithm of BA partial pressures correlated significantly to reciprocal air temperature at the coastal station Råö and over the Baltic, but only weakly (2,4-DiBA) or not significantly (2,4,6-TriBA) at inland Pallas. Deposition fluxes of BAs were similar at both sites despite lower air concentrations at Pallas, due to greater precipitation scavenging at lower temperatures. Proportions of the two BAs in air and deposition were related to Henry’s law partitioning and source regions. Precipitation concentrations were 10−40% of those in surface water of Bothnian Bay, northern Baltic Sea. BAs deposited in the bay catchment likely enter rivers and provide an unexpected source to northern estuaries. BAs may be precursors to higher molecular weight compounds identified by others in Swedish inland lakes.
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| 7. |
- Bidleman, Terry, et al.
(author)
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Halomethoxybenzenes in air of the Nordic region
- 2023
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In: Environmental Science and Ecotechnology. - : Elsevier. - 2666-4984. ; 13
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Halomethoxybenzenes (HMBs) are a group of compounds with natural and anthropogenic origins. Here we extend a 2002–2015 survey of bromoanisoles (BAs) in the air and precipitation at Råö on the Swedish west coast and Pallas in Subarctic Finland. New BAs data are reported for 2018 and 2019 and chlorinated HMBs are included for these and some previous years: drosophilin A methyl ether (DAME: 1,2,4,5-tetrachloro-3,6-dimethoxybenzene), tetrachloroveratrole (TeCV: 1,2,3,4-tetrachloro-5,6-dimethoxybenzene), and pentachloroanisole (PeCA). The order of abundance of HMBs at Råö was ΣBAs > DAME > TeCV > PeCA, whereas at Pallas the order of abundance was DAME > ΣBAs > TeCA > PeCA. The lower abundance of BAs at Pallas reflects its inland location, away from direct marine influence. Clausius-Clapeyron (CC) plots of log partial pressure (Pair)/Pa versus 1/T suggested distant transport at both sites for PeCA and local exchange for DAME and TeCV. BAs were dominated by distant transport at Pallas and by both local and distant sources at Råö. Relationships between air and precipitation concentrations were examined by scavenging ratios, SR = (ng m−3)precip/(ng m−3)air. SRs were higher at Pallas than Råö due to greater Henry's law partitioning of gaseous compounds into precipitation at colder temperatures. DAME is produced by terrestrial fungi. We screened 19 fungal species from Swedish forests and found seven of them contained 0.01–3.8 mg DAME per kg fresh weight. We suggest that the volatilization of DAME from fungi and forest litter containing fungal mycelia may contribute to atmospheric levels at both sites.
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| 8. |
- Brorström-Lundén, Eva, et al.
(author)
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Dioxins in atmospheric deposition: comparison of samplers
- 2018
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDDs /PCDFs) have great potential for atmospheric long-range transport and deposition. The atmosphere is an important pathway for these contaminants to both aquatic and terrestrial environments. The Swedish national monitoring program for organic contaminants in air and precipitation includes, except PCDD/PCDFs, a large number of different substances/group of substances which differ in chemical and physical properties which not only affect their behaviour in the atmosphere and the deposition process but also the requirements on sampling methods used. This leads to great demands on the type of deposition sampler to be used in a monitoring program where the aim is to monitor several different organic substances and compromises are necessary when choosing sampler type.The overall aim of this study is to compare two different types of deposition samplers for sampling of PCDDs/PCDFs. These two samplers, the IVL-sampler and the MONAS sampler, have quite different sampling characteristics. In addition, brominated dioxins/furans were included in the measurements in order to get an idea of their occurrence in deposition at the Swedish west coast.The sampling program lasted for one year with 4 sampling periods with a sampling duration of 3 months. This gives results showing seasonal variation and the opportunity to estimate the annual deposition.The overall results from this study show that:• Differences in measured deposition fluxes were found between the two samplers with a variation in magnitude between different sampling occasions. A greater amount of dioxins/furans in deposition was measured with the MONAS sampler at three out of the four periods.• The annual dioxin/furan deposition was about 25 % higher with the MONAS sampler compared to the IVL sampler, when LOD (limit of detection) was replaced with zero for all non-detected congeners in the sum of the congeners.•The results from the sampling comparison for the two samplers gave a difference of 25%on annual basis which should be assessed in relation to the given analytical uncertainty which was +/-29% for all samples.The results found here are in agreement with other comparison studies when deposition samplers with different sampling characteristics were used (Brorström-Lundén, 1995). From this and other studies we can conclude that sampling of dioxins/furans as well as for other POPs gives different deposition fluxes when using samplers with different sampling characteristics. The collection efficiency differs not only among e.g. different congeners but also between sampling occasions which differ in ambient conditions such as amounts of precipitation, ambient air temperature and atmospheric particle concentrations. The choice of the type of deposition sampler to be used must therefore depend on the purpose of the measurements and the results should be discussed in relation to the sampling methods.
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| 9. |
- Brorström-Lundén, Eva, et al.
(author)
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Långsiktig plan för programområdet Farliga Ämnen
- 2007
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Ett förslag till långsiktig plan för programområdet "Farliga Ämnen" presenteras. Planen avser utgöra ett vägledande dokument, dels för Naturvårdsverkets prioriteringar inom området, samt dels för projektplanering och samordning inom SMED. Planen har avstämts med Naturvårds-verket under arbetets gång.Arbetet har utförts i två steg:1. Inventering av vilka databehov som föreligger,2. Utformning av en långsiktig planI samråd med Naturvårdsverket har behovsinventeringen begränsats avseende internationella åtaganden till att omfatta rapporteringar enligt PRTR/E-PRTR, CLRTAP, HELCOM, OSPAR och Vattendirektivet. De nationella behoven av utsläppsdata diskuteras, både utifrån formella krav och eventuella strategiska behov.Samtliga farliga ämnen för vilka rapporteringskrav enligt PRTR/E-PRTR föreligger har sam-manställts, med uppgifter om till vilka media som utsläppsdata ska avse. Genom att dela upp området i utsläppskategorier kan arbetet med andra utsläppskällor än rapporterande punktkällor kan fokuseras och göras mer överskådligt. Ett förslag på fyra utsläppskategorier presenteras, med utgångspunkt från den kravbild som PRTR-protokollet ställer:1. Rapporterande företag, exkl. utsläpp pga. oavsiktlig bildning2. Icke-rapporterande företag, exkl. utsläpp pga. oavsiktlig bildning3. Utsläpp pga. oavsiktlig bildning4. Diffusa källorPlanen pekar på en rad områden i behov av utveckling. Framför allt saknas till stora delar kun-skap om diffusa källor. I planen föreslås därför en stegvis metodik för hur detta område ska kunna förbättras. Inom detta projekt har en inledande arbete med kartläggning av spridningsvä-gar för 65 av totalt 91 PRTR/E-PRTR ämnen genomförts, i syftet med att bl.a. identifiera vilka av ämnena som kan spridas diffust.Planen omfattar diskussion om kort- och långsiktiga utvecklingsbehov, samt förslag till fortsatt arbete.
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| 10. |
- Brorström-Lundén, Eva, et al.
(author)
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Measurements of Sucralose in the Swedish Screening Program 2007 : PART I; Sucralose in surface waters and STP samples
- 2008
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- IVL har på uppdrag av Naturvårdsverket genomfört en screening av sötningsmedlet sukralos. Sukralos är en disackarid, som modifierats i tre positioner med klor. Ämnet är ca 600 gånger sötare än sackaros och används efter tillstånd i USA och Europaunionen, m.fl. länder som tillsats i livsmedel. Ämnet är lättlösligt i vatten och vid intag utsöndras minst 95 % i oförändrad form. Ingen ackumulering i organismen är känd och nedbrytning eller omvandling har endast påvisats i vattenmiljö under inverkan av mikroorganismer. Tre primära klorinnehållande omvandlingspordukter har påvisats. De studier i djurförsök som legat till grund för tillståndsgivningen har visat mycket små effekter. Det huvudsakliga syftet med denna översiktliga kartläggning var att bestämma koncentrationer av sukralos i några olika matriser i miljön, framförallt för att belysa viktiga transportvägar i vattenmiljön i Sverige. Totalt bestämdes sukralos i 57 prover. Studien visar att; • Sucralose detekteras i vattenrecipienter i Sverige som tar emot utgående vatten ifrån reningsverk. • Inkommande vatten till svenska avloppsreningsverk (2 ARV) innehåller 3 500-7 900 ng sukralos/l. • Reningsgraden m a p. sukralos är låg i reningsverk, maximalt uppmättes 10 % reningsgrad i de parade prover som analyserats (inkommande/utgående). • Sukralos detekterades i alla de 29 utgående reningsverksvattenproverna ifrån 25 olika reningsverk i landet; 1 800-10 800 ng/l, median 4 900 ng/l. • Det sker ingen ackumulation av sukralos i slam. Denna rapport utgör den första delen av en fördjupad screening av sukralos i den svenska miljön. I en fortsättande, kommande rapport kommer resultat ifrån undersökningar av sukralosupptag i akvatiska biotaprover att redovisas.
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