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- 2019
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
- Adamatzky, Andrew, et al.
(författare)
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East-West paths to unconventional computing
- 2017
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Ingår i: Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0079-6107 .- 1873-1732. ; 131, s. 469-493
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Unconventional computing is about breaking boundaries in thinking, acting and computing. Typical topics of this non-typical field include, but are not limited to physics of computation, non-classical logics, new complexity measures, novel hardware, mechanical, chemical and quantum computing. Unconventional computing encourages a new style of thinking while practical applications are obtained from uncovering and exploiting principles and mechanisms of information processing in and functional properties of, physical, chemical and living systems; in particular, efficient algorithms are developed, (almost) optimal architectures are designed and working prototypes of future computing devices are manufactured. This article includes idiosyncratic accounts of ‘unconventional computing’ scientists reflecting on their personal experiences, what attracted them to the field, their inspirations and discoveries.
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| 3. |
- Alakpa, Enateri V., et al.
(författare)
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Improving cartilage phenotype from differentiated pericytes in tunable peptide hydrogels
- 2017
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2045-2322. ; 7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Differentiation of stem cells to chondrocytes in vitro usually results in a heterogeneous phenotype. This is evident in the often detected over expression of type X collagen which, in hyaline cartilage structure is not characteristic of the mid-zone but of the deep-zone ossifying tissue. Methods to better match cartilage developed in vitro to characteristic in vivo features are therefore highly desirable in regenerative medicine. This study compares phenotype characteristics between pericytes, obtained from human adipose tissue, differentiated using diphenylalanine/serine (F2/S) peptide hydrogels with the more widely used chemical induced method for chondrogenesis. Significantly higher levels of type II collagen were noted when pericytes undergo chondrogenesis in the hydrogel in the absence of induction media. There is also a balanced expression of collagen relative to aggrecan production, a feature which was biased toward collagen production when cells were cultured with induction media. Lastly, metabolic profiles of each system show considerable overlap between both differentiation methods but subtle differences which potentially give rise to their resultant phenotype can be ascertained. The study highlights how material and chemical alterations in the cellular microenvironment have wide ranging effects on resultant tissue type.
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| 4. |
- Berg, Karl, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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Different Perspectives - An immersive experience using 360° video and Google Cardboard
- 2016
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Ingår i: Proceedings of SIDeR’16 – student interaction design research conference.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Becoming aware of your own or other people’s behaviour in social situations is hard, you can only see the world through your eyes, your experiences. In order to better share and understand each other we have designed a cheap but effective technology through the use of 360 degree film, binaural audio, and Google Cardboard goggles. Our focus is the school environment, while we initially dealt with bullying, we eventually shifted the issue to ambiguous social situations, to avoid the stigma of concepts such as victim and bully. Through participatory design we managed to implement a mobile application that allows a user equipped with headphones and Google Cardboard to experience the 360° film recorded. This will then be followed by a discussion with her or his peers - preferably with supervision of a professional such as a teacher, hopefully raising awareness of their attitudes and preconceived notions.
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| 5. |
- Björkman, Anne, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Plant functional trait change across a warming tundra biome
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 562:7725, s. 57-62
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The tundra is warming more rapidly than any other biome on Earth, and the potential ramifications are far-reaching because of global feedback effects between vegetation and climate. A better understanding of how environmental factors shape plant structure and function is crucial for predicting the consequences of environmental change for ecosystem functioning. Here we explore the biome-wide relationships between temperature, moisture and seven key plant functional traits both across space and over three decades of warming at 117 tundra locations. Spatial temperature–trait relationships were generally strong but soil moisture had a marked influence on the strength and direction of these relationships, highlighting the potentially important influence of changes in water availability on future trait shifts in tundra plant communities. Community height increased with warming across all sites over the past three decades, but other traits lagged far behind predicted rates of change. Our findings highlight the challenge of using space-for-time substitution to predict the functional consequences of future warming and suggest that functions that are tied closely to plant height will experience the most rapid change. They also reveal the strength with which environmental factors shape biotic communities at the coldest extremes of the planet and will help to improve projections of functional changes in tundra ecosystems with climate warming.
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| 6. |
- Bradley, Patrick, et al.
(författare)
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Taking stock: A multistakeholder perspective on improving the delivery of care and the development of treatments for Alzheimer's disease.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association. - : Wiley. - 1552-5279. ; 11:4, s. 455-461
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Health-care stakeholders increasingly recognize that the scientific and economic challenges associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) are simply too great for individual stakeholder groups to address solely from within their own silos. In the necessary spirit of collaboration, we present in this perspective a set of multicountry multistakeholder recommendations to improve the organization of existing AD and dementia care and the development of new treatments. In brief, the five recommendations are (1) health-care systems must make choices regarding the patient populations to be diagnosed and treated, (2) health-care systems should use an evidence-based standard of care, (3) increased collaboration between public and private institutions is needed to enhance research, (4) reimbursement end points need to be agreed on and validated, and (5) innovative business models should be used to spur the introduction of new medicines.
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| 7. |
- Bruno, Karl, 1985-
(författare)
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An Experiment in Ethiopia : The Chilalo Agricultural Development Unit and Swedish Development Aid to Haile Selassie’s Ethiopia, 1964–1974
- 2017
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Ingår i: Comparativ: Zeitschrift für Globalgeschichte und vergleichende Gesellschaftsforschung. - 0940-3566. ; 27:2, s. 54-74
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper examines a Swedish-led integrated rural development project, the Chilalo Agricultural Development Unit (CADU) in Ethiopia’s Arussi province. Designed by a group of experts from the Agricultural College of Sweden, CADU was the first significant Swedish attempt at transferring agronomical knowledge to the global South in the context of development aid. It intended to generate socio-economic development through a broad range of efforts, but with the core of the project being agricultural experimentation geared towards increasing small-farm production of cereal crops.A defining feature of CADU was that its development and technology transfer strategy came to be deeply connected to techno-scientific traditions at the Agricultural College. This meant that its strategies reflected a Swedish national style of agricultural development that was characterized by strong attention to local agricultural environments but a limited sensitivity toward social factors. The attention to the local contributed to making it one of the few really effective implementations of the Green Revolution technologies in Africa in its time, while the comparative lack of attention to social factors resulted in mixed peasant response and in social inequalities being exacerbated as an effect of the project’s activities. As a result of its focus on poor peasants in the increasingly tense environment of late-imperial Ethiopia, CADU also developed into a politically highly charged project and became an active party in the rural conflicts that preceded the revolution of 1974.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Bruno, Karl
(författare)
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Exporting agrarian expertise : development aid at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and its predecessors, 1950–2009
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Agrarian expertise has been employed in the context of Swedish development aid since the 1950s. Throughout this time, the Swedish institutions of higher agrarian education—the Agricultural College, the College of Forestry, and the Veterinary College, in 1977 merged to form the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences—have played important roles. In this dissertation I consider three problems with respect to these institutions’ involvement in development aid: (1) How and why did actors at the three colleges begin framing their expertise in a development context? (2) How did Swedish agrarian experts approach the problem of development in contexts about which they had little prior knowledge? (3) How and why did a long-term institutional collaboration evolve between the agrarian institutions of higher learning and the Swedish development aid authorities, and what were its characteristics? The study follows actors and their standpoints through three different aid projects: international courses in animal reproduction at the Veterinary College first planned and held in the mid-1950s; the planning and implementation of the Chilalo Agricultural Development Unit in the 1960s and 1970s; and SLU’s support to higher forestry education in Ethiopia in the 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s. It also examines the growth and subsequent decline of a continuous institutional collaboration between the institutions of higher agrarian education and SIDA, the Swedish government agency responsible for development aid. Based on my findings, I argue that the framing of Swedish agrarian expertise as relevant to the developing countries—particularly at the Agricultural College in the 1960s—was part of a broader attempt to widen the scope of agrarian science in Sweden in response to social change at home. At the same time, the development strategies proposed by the Swedish experts were anchored in the particulars of the Swedish agrarian context. This made them attuned to the local adaptation of technologies and to the value of practical knowledge but less sensitive to the societal contexts and social effects of their interventions. Their attempts to bring their knowledge to bear on the developing world also helped create a long-lasting institutionalized relationship between SLU (and the three colleges before it) and the Swedish development aid authorities, through which SLU exercised influence on much of Sweden’s agrarian development aid from the mid-1960s to the early 1990s.
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| 10. |
- Bruno, Karl, et al.
(författare)
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Knowledge production at industrial research institutes : Institutional logics and struggles for relevance in the Swedish Institute for Surface Chemistry, 1980-2005
- 2017
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Ingår i: Research Evaluation. - : OXFORD UNIV PRESS. - 0958-2029 .- 1471-5449. ; 26:4, s. 337-348
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article examines dynamics of knowledge production and discourses of basic-applied science and relevance at the Swedish Institute for Surface Chemistry, a semi-public industrially oriented research institute, from 1980 to 2005. We employ a three-pronged method, consisting of (1) an analysis of how the institute articulated its research priorities and goals in publications primarily directed to stakeholders, (2) an analysis of retrospective narratives by researchers and managers about research ideologies and priorities, and (3) a bibliometric analysis of the institute's scientific publications. Using a theoretical framework centered on the notions of institutional logics and struggles for relevance, we show how the transformations of the institute amount to a substitution of an internalized institutional logic of scientific autonomy with a new logic of industrial utility, and how the institute's knowledge production was managed during this change. We also point out various strategies used by the institute to preserve and advance its own goals while still remaining relevant with regard to changing policy objectives. Another important finding is that although the institute by the end of the study period was fully committed to an industrial service role, parts of the originally deeply entrenched scientific logic were still manifested, although then discussed in the new industrial terminology.
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