| 1. |
- Budde, M., et al.
(författare)
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Identification of the hydrogen-saturated self-interstitials in silicon and germanium
- 1998
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 57:18, s. 4397-4412
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Silicon and germanium single crystals are implanted with protons. The infrared-absorption spectra of the samples contain sharp absorption lines due to the excitation of hydrogen-related local vibrational modes. The lines at 743.1, 748.0, 1986.5, and 1989.4 cm-1 in silicon and at 700.3, 705.5, 1881.8, and 1883.5 cm-1 in germanium originate from the same defect in the two materials. Measurements on samples coimplanted with protons and deuterons show that the defect contains two equivalent hydrogen atoms. Uniaxial stress measurements are carried out and a detailed analysis of the results is presented. It is shown that the defect has monoclinic-II symmetry, and the orientations of the Si-H and Ge-H bonds of the defect are determined. Ab initio local-density-functional theory is used to calculate the structure and local vibrational modes of the self-interstitial binding one and two hydrogen atoms in silicon and germanium together with the structure of the self-interstitial itself. The observed properties of the defect are in excellent agreement with those calculated for the self-interstitial binding two hydrogen atoms.
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| 2. |
- Budde, M., et al.
(författare)
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Local modes of the H2* dimer in germanium
- 1996
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Ingår i: Physical Review B Condensed Matter. - 0163-1829 .- 1095-3795. ; 54:8, s. 5485-5494
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Local vibrational modes of the H2* defect in crystalline germanium are identified by a combination of infrared-absorption spectroscopy, uniaxial stress measurements, and ab initio theory. Germanium crystals are implanted with protons and/or deuterons at 30 K, and subsequently annealed at room temperature. A number of local vibrational modes of hydrogen are revealed by infrared-absorption spectroscopy. In particular, modes at 765, 1499, 1774, and 1989 cm-1 originate from the same defect which has trigonal symmetry according to the uniaxial stress measurements. The 765-cm-1 mode is two dimensional, while the 1774- and 1989-cm-1 modes are one dimensional. Measurements on samples coimplanted with protons and deuterons show that the defect contains a pair of weakly coupled and inequivalent hydrogen atoms. The 765-, 1499-, 1774-, and 1989-cm-1 modes are ascribed to the H2* defect. The 765-cm-1 mode is a Ge-H bend mode with an overtone at 1499 cm-1 and the modes at 1774 and 1989 cm-1 are Ge-H stretch modes. An excellent fit to the stretch frequencies is obtained with a simple model based on two coupled Morse-potential oscillators. In addition, the model gives intensity ratios in fair agreement with those observed. The structure, the local-mode frequencies, and the isotope shifts of H2* are calculated with ab initio local-density-functional cluster theory. The theoretical frequencies are consistently 5-10 % too high, as expected from the theory which often leads to overbinding. The isotope shifts, however, are in fair agreement with observations. These results provide additional support for our assignments, and show that the 765- and 1774-cm-1 modes primarily involve the hydrogen at the antibonding site, while the 1989-cm-1 mode is related mainly to vibration of the hydrogen near the bond-center site.
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| 3. |
- Budde, M., et al.
(författare)
-
The hydrogen-saturated self-interstitial in silicon and germanium
- 1997
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Ingår i: Defects in semiconductors. - : Trans Tech Publications Inc.. ; , s. 35-40
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Infrared absorption spectroscopy is used to study H-related point defects in H+-implanted Si (Si:H) and Ge (Ge:H). The absorption lines at 743.1, 748.0, 1986.5 and 1989.4 cm-1 in Si:H and at 700.3, 705.5, 1881.8 and 1883.5 cm-1 in Ge:H are shown to originate from the same defect containing two equivalent H atoms. Uniaxial stress experiments show that the defects have monoclinic-II symmetry, and the orientations of the two Si-H or Ge-H bonds are determined. The structure and the local vibrational modes of the self-interstitial binding two H atoms (IH2) are calculated with LDF cluster theory. The symmetry, bond-orientations and isotopic frequency-shifts calculated for IH2 are in excellent agreement with those observed for the 743.1-, 748.0-, 1986.5- and 1989.4-cm-1 modes in Si:H and for the 700.3-, 705.5-, 1881.8- and 1883.5-cm-1 modes in Ge:H.
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| 4. |
- Coomer, B.J., et al.
(författare)
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Vacancy-hydrogen complexes in germanium
- 1998
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Ingår i: E-MRS Meeting. - : European Materials Research Society.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Local-density-functional pseudopotential theory is used to investigate the structural, electronic and vibrational properties of vacancy-hydrogen complexes in germanium. The results are compared with recent infrared absorption data from proton and deuteron implanted Ge. The acceptor and donor levels of the VH defects are derived semi-empirically from the relaxed structures
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| 5. |
- Coomer, B.J., et al.
(författare)
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Vacancy-hydrogen complexes in germanium
- 1999
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Ingår i: Materials Science & Engineering. - 0921-5107 .- 1873-4944. ; 58:1-2, s. 36-38
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Local-density-functional pseudopotential theory is used to investigate the structural, electronic and vibrational properties of vacancy-hydrogen complexes in germanium. The results are compared with recent infrared absorption data from proton and deuteron implanted Ge. The acceptor and donor levels of the VHn defects are derived semi-empirically from the relaxed structures
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| 6. |
- Nielsen, B. Bach, et al.
(författare)
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Local vibrational modes of weakly bound O-H complexes in SI
- 1997
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Ingår i: Defects in semiconductors. - : Trans Tech Publications Inc.. ; , s. 391-398
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Local vibrational modes of two oxygen-hydrogen complexes have been identified with infrared absorption spectroscopy. Samples of intrinsic silicon and samples doped with 16O or 18O isotopes were implanted with protons and deuterons at ∼20 K. After the implantation, infrared absorbance spectra were measured at 8 K on unannealed samples. An oxygen mode at 1077 cm-1 and a hydrogen mode at 1879 cm-1, which originate from the same defect OHI were observed in the as-implanted samples. Heat-treatment at 200 K produced a new center OHII with modes at 1028 and 1830 cm-1. OHI anneals out at ∼130 K while OHII is stable up to ∼240 K. OHI and OHII are tentatively identified with two complexes of interstitial oxygen and bond-centred hydrogen. Ab initio theory was applied to calculate the structure and local modes of three such complexes. The results qualitatively support our tentative assignments.
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