| 1. |
- Bülow, B, et al.
(författare)
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The gender differences in growth hormone-binding protein and leptin persist in 80-year-old men and women and is not caused by sex hormones.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Clinical Endocrinology. - : Wiley. - 1365-2265 .- 0300-0664. ; 59:4, s. 6-482
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- objective Leptin and growth hormone-binding protein (GHBP) both show gender differences that might be explained by sex hormones. To study the potential relevance of oestradiol and testosterone, we have examined 80-year-old subjects in whom oestradiol is higher in men than in women. The interrelationships between leptin, insulin, GHBP and fat mass in this age group were also investigated. design and subjects Ninety-four subjects (55 females and 39 males), all 80 years old, were investigated in a community-based study. None of the investigated subjects was being treated for diabetes mellitus and none of the women had oestrogen replacement. methods Levels of testosterone, oestradiol, SHBG, IGF-I, GHBP, glucose, insulin and leptin were analysed. Body composition was measured with bioimpedance analysis (BIA). results As in younger age groups, serum leptin, the ratio leptin/kilogram fat mass and serum GHBP were higher in the women (all, P <= 0·007), although serum oestradiol was higher in the men (P < 0·001). There were no significant associations between sex hormones and leptin or GHBP either in women or in men (all, r < 0·13, P > 0·1). Leptin correlated to kilogram fat mass in both women (r = 0·55, P < 0·001) and men (r = 0·47, P = 0·003), but in contrast, there were no significant correlations between GHBP and fat mass and GHBP and IGF-I, either in women or in men (all, r < 0·24, P > 0·2). Insulin and leptin were significantly associated with GHBP, both in women (r = 0·48, P < 0·001 and r = 0·43, P = 0·001, respectively) and in men (r = 0·40, P = 0·01 and r = 0·34, P = 0·03, respectively). conclusions Although the 80-year-old men had higher oestradiol levels than the women, the women had higher levels of leptin and GHBP. There were no correlations between sex hormones and leptin and GHBP, which indicates that the gender differences are not caused by sex hormones in old age. In contrast to studies in younger subjects, GHBP did not correlate to fat mass in the investigated 80-year-old men and women. In the older subjects investigated, as in younger subjects, GHBP was significantly correlated with leptin and insulin.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, M, et al.
(författare)
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A Novel Selection System for Potato Transformation Using a Mutated AHAS Gene.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Plant Cell Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-203X .- 0721-7714. ; 22:4, s. 261-267
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS) is the target enzyme for a number of herbicides. A S653N mutation in the AHAS gene results in an increased tolerance to imidazolinone herbicides. We have investigated the use of the mutated gene as selection gene for potato transformation. This resulted in a transformation system with a very high transformation frequency and low rate of escapes. The mutated AHAS gene was introduced into transformed potato together with a -glucuronidase (GUS) gene. Selection on 0.5 M Imazamox yielded GUS expression in 93–100% of regenerated shoots. Furthermore the mutated AHAS gene was used as selection gene for production of high-amylopectin potato lines. The high transformation frequency was verified and potato lines with the desirable starch quality were obtained.
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| 3. |
- Beaujean, A, et al.
(författare)
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Engineering direct fructose production in processed potato tubers by expressing a bifunctional alpha-amylase/glucose isomerase gene complex
- 2000
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Ingår i: Biotechnology and Bioengineering. - 0006-3592. ; 70:1, s. 9-16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Manipulation of starch biosynthesis/degradation and formation of novel molecules in storage organs of plants through genetic engineering is an attractive but technically challenging goal. We report here, for the first time, that starch was degraded and glucose and fructose were produced directly when crushed potato tubers expressing a starch degrading bifunctional gene were heated for 45 minutes at 65 degrees C. To achieve this, we have constructed a fusion gene encoding the thermostable enzymes: alpha-amylase (Bacillus stearothermophilus) and glucose isomerase (Thermus thermophilus). The chimeric gene was placed under the control of the granule-bound-starch synthase promoter. This enzymatic complex produced in transgenic tubers was only active at high temperature (65 degrees C). More than 100 independent transgenic potato plants were regenerated. Molecular analyses confirmed the stable integration of the chimeric gene into the potato genome. The biochemical analyses performed on young and old tubers after high-temperature treatment (65 degrees C) revealed an increase in the formation rate of fructose and glucose by a factor of 16.4 and 5. 7, respectively, in the transgenic tubers as compared to untransformed control tubers. No adverse discernible effect on plant development and metabolism including tuber formation and starch accumulation was observed in the transgenic plants before heat treatment. Our results demonstrate that it is possible to replace starch degradation using microbial enzymes via a system where the enzymes are produced directly in the plants, but active only at high temperature, thus offering novel and viable strategies for starch-processing industries.
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| 4. |
- Brådvik, Ingela, et al.
(författare)
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Kinetics of lung clearance of 99mTc-DTPA in smoking patients with sarcoidosis compared to healthy smokers.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Respiratory Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 1532-3064 .- 0954-6111. ; 96:5, s. 317-321
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Investigation of lung clearance of 99mTc-labelled diethylene triamine penta-acetic acid (DTPA) in smoking sarcoid patients has been impeded by difficulties to differ between pathology of clearance kinetics caused by sarcoidosis and by smoking. This study explores the kinetics of lung clearance of 99mTc-DTPA in 15 current smokers with intrathoracic sarcoidosis. The results are compared with findings from 16 healthy smokers. Measurements of lung clearance over 180 min, i.e. longer than usual, revealed in II of the sarcoid patients a bi-exponential lung clearance course, which is pathologic. All healthy smokers also showed a bi-exponential lung clearance. In the analysis of the bi-exponential curve an initial fast, and a slow clearance component could be separated. The smokers with sarcoidosis had a significantly higher elimination rate of the slow component than the healthy smokers. Thus, analysis of the late part of the lung clearance curve may be rewarding in smoking sarcoid patients. The study shows that lung clearance of 99mTc-DTPA may be a method useful also in smoking patients with sarcoidosis.
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| 5. |
- Bülow, B, et al.
(författare)
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Adrenal incidentaloma - experience of a standardized diagnostic programme in the Swedish prospective study.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : Wiley. - 1365-2796 .- 0954-6820. ; 252:3, s. 239-246
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bülow B, Ahrén B (Lund University, Lund, Sweden) on behalf of the Swedish Research Council Study Group of Endocrine Abdominal Tumours. Adrenal incidentaloma - experience of a standardized diagnostic programme in the Swedish prospective study. J Intern Med 2002; 252: 239-246. OBJECTIVE: To report the 5-year experience of a diagnostic programme for adrenal incidentaloma with special emphasis to diagnose hormonally active and malignant lesions. DESIGN: A prospective study in which new cases of adrenal incidentalomas in Sweden have been evaluated by a standardized diagnostic protocol between January 1996 and July 2001. SETTING: Thirty-three different Swedish hospitals have contributed with cases. SUBJECTS: A total of 381 patients (217 females, 164 males) with adrenal incidentalomas were studied. INTERVENTIONS: Diagnostic procedures were undertaken according to a standardized programme. Operation was recommended if the incidentaloma had a size of more than 3-4 cm or if there was a suspicion of a hypersecreting tumour. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The size of the incidentaloma, clinical characteristics of the patients and results of biochemical diagnostic tests were registered. RESULTS: The median age of the patients was 64 years (18-84 years), and the median size of the incidentalomas was 3 cm (1-20 cm). A total of 85(22%) patients were operated. Twenty of thesepatients were diagnosed with a benign hypersecreting tumour and 14 with a malignant tumour. Fourteen of 15 operated patients with diagnosed pheochromocytoma had elevated 24-h urinary noradrenaline and all of the patients operated because of a biochemical suspicion of aldosterone or cortisol hypersecretion (n = 6) were found to have adrenal adenomas. Of the 14 operated patients with malignant diseases, 10 were adrenal carcinomas (median size 10 cm; range 4-16 cm). In a multiple logistic regression model, incidentaloma size was significantly associated with the risk of a malignant tumour (P = 0.009), and there was a tendency of an association between age/male sex and the risk of a malignancy (both, P = 0.07). CONCLUSION: In this Swedish multicentre study of 381 cases with adrenal incidentalomas, 5% had benign hypersecreting tumours and nearly 4% had malignant tumours. The results of the biochemical diagnostic tests used had a high compatibility with the histological diagnosis found at operation in the patients with hypersecreting tumours. Tumour size, male gender and high age were predictive for the risk of a malignant tumour. A follow-up of the patients is warranted in order to establish whether there are undiscovered cases of malignant or hypersecreting tumours amongst the nonoperated patients.
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| 6. |
- Bulow, B., et al.
(författare)
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Increased leptin and tumour necrosis factor alpha per unit fat mass in hypopituitary women without growth hormone treatment
- 2001
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Ingår i: European Journal of Endocrinology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1479-683X .- 0804-4643. ; 145:6, s. 737-742
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The adipocyte products, leptin and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)alpha are associated with atherosclerotic diseases and may be factors contributing to the enhanced cardiovascular risk in hypopituitary patients with growth hormone (GH) deficiency. Objective: To investigate whether leptin and TNF alpha are increased in a group of hypopituitary women previously found to have increased cardiovascular morbidity, and to compare them with matched individuals of the same sex and age and with similar body composition. Design and Patients: Thirty-three GH-deficient women with a median age of 64 years (range 39-77 years) were investigated cross-sectionally. The patients were compared with 33 controls matched for sex, age, smoking habits, educational level and residence. Methods: Body composition was measured by bioimpedance analysis. Fasting concentrations of leptin, TNF alpha and insulin were analysed in patients and controls. Results: There was no significant difference in body mass index or fat mass between patients and controls (both P greater than or equal to 0.4). Serum leptin did not differ significantly between patients and controls. However, when serum leptin concentrations were expressed per kilogram fat mass, the patients had significantly greater concentrations (P = 0.01). Serum TNF alpha and TNF alpha per kilogram fat mass were also significantly greater in the patients (both P = 0.001). In contrast, serum insulin did not differ significantly between patients and controls. In the patients, serum leptin concentrations correlated positively with kilogram fat mass (r = 0.54, P = 0.002). Leptin concentration per kilogram fat mass was positively correlated with insulin (r = 0.40. P = 0.03). Conclusions: In contrast to serum concentrations of TNF alpha. serum leptin did not differ from that in controls, implying that leptin is not a major contributor to the previously found increase in cardiovascular morbidity in the hypopituitary women investigated. However, the patients had increased leptin concentrations per unit fat mass, indicating an altered adipocyte secretory function in this group.
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| 7. |
- Bulow, K, et al.
(författare)
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The penetration depth and lateral distribution of pigment related to the pigment grain size and the calendering of paper
- 2002
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms. - 0168-583X. ; 189, s. 308-314
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The interaction of ink and newspaper has been investigated and the specific question of penetration of ink into the paper has been addressed with a nuclear microprobe using particle induced X-ray emission, The penetration depth of the newsprint is a critical factor in terms of increasing the quality of newsprint and minimising the amount of ink used. The objective of the experiment was to relate the penetration depth of pigment with the calendering of the paper, The dependence of the penetration depth on the pigment grain size was also Studied, To Study the penetration depth of pigment in paper, cyan ink with Cu as a tracer of the coloured pigment was used, For the study of the penetration depth dependence of pigment size. specially grounded Japanese ink with well-defined pigment grain size was used. This was compared to Swedish ink with pigment grains with normal size-distribution, The results show that the calendering of the paper considerably affects the penetration depth of ink. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 8. |
- Bülow, Margareta, et al.
(författare)
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The therapeutic swallowing study
- 2003
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Ingår i: Radiology of the pharynx and the esophagus. - 9783540415091 ; , s. 99-99
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 9. |
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