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- Ekenman, I, et al.
(författare)
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The role of biomechanical shoe orthoses in tibial stress fracture prevention
- 2002
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Ingår i: The American journal of sports medicine. - : SAGE Publications. - 0363-5465 .- 1552-3365. ; 30:6, s. 866-870
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Biomechanical orthoses have been shown to lower stress fracture incidence in infantry recruits. However, these results may not be applicable to running athletes.HypothesisTraining in either running shoes or military boots with custom biomechanical shoe orthoses lessens tibial bone strains and strain rates during walking and running.Study DesignRandomized controlled laboratory study.MethodsIn vivo strain measurements were made in nine subjects to determine whether the use of biomechanical orthoses lowers tibial strains during both walking and running and whether such lowering depends on the type of shoe worn. Measurements were made during treadmill walking at 5 km/hr and then during serial 2-km treadmill runs at 13 km/hr with running shoes, with and without the orthoses, and during serial 1-km runs with army boots, with and without the orthoses.ResultsWhen soft or semirigid biomechanical orthoses were worn with boots, the tibial peak-to-peak strains were significantly lowered. Soft orthoses also significantly lowered the tension and compression strain rates when worn with boots. During running, semirigid orthoses significantly increased the compression and tension strain rates when worn with boots.ConclusionsThe use of biomechanical orthoses may be warranted for tibial stress fracture prevention during training in which boots are worn and that mostly involves walking, but they are not warranted for activities that primarily involve running or are performed in running shoes.
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- Ellwood, P, et al.
(författare)
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Diet and asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and atopic eczema symptom prevalence: an ecological analysis of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) data. ISAAC Phase One Study Group
- 2001
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Ingår i: The European respiratory journal. - : European Respiratory Society (ERS). - 0903-1936 .- 1399-3003. ; 17:3, s. 436-443
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several studies have suggested that the increasing prevalence of symptoms of asthma, rhinitis and eczema, could be associated with dietary factors. In the present paper, a global analysis of prevalence rates of wheeze, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and atopic eczema was performed in relation to diet, as defined by national food intake data.Analyses were based on the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) data for 6–7 and 13–14 yr old children. Symptoms of wheeze, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and atopic eczema symptom prevalence were regressed against per capita food intake, and adjusted for gross national product to account for economic development. Dietary data were based on 1995 Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations data for 53 of the 56 countries that took part in ISAAC phase I (1994/1995).The 13–14 year age group showed a consistent pattern of decreases in symptoms of wheeze (current and severe), allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and atopic eczema, associated with increased per capita consumption of calories from cereal and rice, protein from cereals and nuts, starch, as well as vegetables and vegetable nutrients. The video questionnaire data for 13–14 yr olds and the ISAAC data for 6–7 yr olds showed similar patterns for these foods.A consistent inverse relationship was seen between prevalence rates of the three conditions and the intake of starch, cereals, and vegetables. If these findings could be generalised, and if the average daily consumption of these foods increased, it is speculated that an important decrease in symptom prevalence may be achieved.
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