| 1. |
- Backhans, Mona Christina, et al.
(författare)
-
Pioneers and laggards : Is the effect of gender equality on health dependent on context?
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Social Science and Medicine. - : Elsevier. - 0277-9536 .- 1873-5347. ; 68, s. 1388-1395
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study combines data at individual and area level to examine interactions between equality within couples and gender equality in the municipality in which individuals live. The research question is whether the context impacts on the association between gender equality and health. The material consists of data on 37,423 men and 37,616 women in 279 Swedish municipalities, who had their first child in 1978. The couples were classified according to indicators of their level of gender equality in 1980 in the public sphere (occupation and income) and private sphere (child care leave and parental leave) compared to that of their municipality. The health outcome is compensated days from sickness insurance during 1986-1999 with a cut-off at the 85% percentile. Data were analysed using logistic regression with the overall odds as reference. The results concerning gender equality in the private sphere show that among fathers, those who are equal in an equal municipality have lower levels of sick leave than the average while laggards (less equal than their municipality) and modest laggards have higher levels. In the public sphere, pioneers (more equal t han their municipality) fare better than the average while laggards fare worse. For mothers, those who are traditional in their roles in the public sphere are protected from high levels of sick leave, while the reverse is true for those who are equal. Traditional mothers in a traditional municipality have the lowest level of sick leave and pioneers the highest. These results show that there are distinct benefits as well as disadvantages to being a gender pioneer and/or a laggard in comparison to your municipality. The associations are markedly different for men and women.
|
|
| 2. |
- Burström, Bo, et al.
(författare)
-
Equitable child health interventions : the impact of improved water and sanitation oninequalities in child mortality in Stockholm at the turn of the 19th century
- 2005
-
Ingår i: American Journal of Public Health. - 0090-0036 .- 1541-0048. ; 95:2, s. 208-216
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Today, many of the 10 million childhood deaths each year are caused by diseases of poverty—diarrhea and pneumonia, for example, which were previously major causes of childhood death in many European countries. Specific analyses of the historical decline of child mortality may shed light on the potential equity impact of interventions to reduce child mortality.In our study of the impact of improved water and sanitation in Stockholm from 1878 to 1925, we examined the decline in overall and diarrhea mortality among children, both in general and by socioeconomic group. We report a decline in overall mortality and of diarrhea mortality and a leveling out of socioeconomic differences in child mortality due to diarrheal diseases, but not of overall mortality. The contribution of general and targeted policies is discussed.
|
|
| 3. |
- Burström, Bo, et al.
(författare)
-
Equitable child health interventions : the impact of improved water and sanitation on inequalities in child mortality in Stockholm, 1878 to 1925.
- 2005
-
Ingår i: American Journal of Public Health. - 0090-0036 .- 1541-0048. ; 95:2, s. 208-216
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Today, many of the 10 million childhood deaths each year are caused by diseases of poverty--diarrhea and pneumonia, for example, which were previously major causes of childhood death in many European countries. Specific analyses of the historical decline of child mortality may shed light on the potential equity impact of interventions to reduce child mortality. In our study of the impact of improved water and sanitation in Stockholm from 1878 to 1925, we examined the decline in overall and diarrhea mortality among children, both in general and by socioeconomic group. We report a decline in overall mortality and of diarrhea mortality and a leveling out of socioeconomic differences in child mortality due to diarrheal diseases, but not of overall mortality. The contribution of general and targeted policies is discussed.
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- Burström, Bo, et al.
(författare)
-
The dialectics of childhood diarrhea mortality
- 2006
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Health Services. - 0020-7314 .- 1541-4469. ; 36:3, s. 481-501
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As in European countries a century ago, diarrhea is a major cause of child mortality in poor countries today. In Stockholm at the turn of the 19th century, political commitment, infrastructural investments in water and sanitation, and enforcement of sanitary improvements by a strong implementing organization helped eliminate diarrhea as a principal cause of death among children. These interventions also had an equitable impact on social class differences in diarrhea mortality, but not on overall mortality; overall mortality declined, but class differences remained. General infrastructural improvement and health education coupled with targeted interventions to vulnerable children may be successful in improving child health and reducing social differentials in mortality. Specific health care interventions may need to be complemented by infrastructural investments to improve water and sanitation if diarrhea mortality is to be further reduced in poor countries today.
|
|
| 6. |
- Jones, Chris, et al.
(författare)
-
Studying Social Policy and Resilience to Adversity in Different Welfare States: Britain and Sweden
- 2006
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Health Services. - : Sage. - 0020-7314 .- 1541-4469. ; 36:3, s. 425-442
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Is poverty more damaging to health in Britain than in Sweden, and if so, why? Following previous research by the authors that suggested such an effect, a new comparative study is examining whether there are aspects of the social and policy context in Britain that add to and reinforce the health-damaging experience of being poor. Conversely, are there other aspects of living in Sweden that are supportive for people in poverty, which make the experience of poverty less stressful and health-damaging? Stemming from this ongoing study, the aim of this article is to present a framework for understanding the context in which social welfare policies are formed and operate in Britain and Sweden. It then uses the framework to consider the “upstream” influences of ideology, culture, and values on policy development in the two countries and what these developments might mean for the health and well-being of people facing financial adversity in the two societies.
|
|
| 7. |
- Macassa, Gloria, et al.
(författare)
-
Determinants of social inequalities in child mortality in Mozambique : What do we know? What could be done?
- 2006
-
Ingår i: African Journal of Health Sciences. - : African Journals Online (AJOL). - 1022-9272 .- 2306-1987. ; 13:1-2, s. 139-143
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Health inequalities are no longer an issue only for developed countries. In recent years there is agreement that all countries present health inequalities regardless of their level of wealth. In low-income countries and especially in sub-Saharan Africa where the majority of the poor people live as well as their children, research on child health inequalities is still scarce. This review of evidence suggests that if Mozambique is to achieve the millennium development goals (MDGs) by 2015 further research on important determinants of disparities in child mortality is urgently needed.
|
|
| 8. |
- Macassa, Gloria, et al.
(författare)
-
Differentials in overall and cause-specific mortality between infants born in and out of wedlock, Stockholm 1878-1925
- 2006
-
Ingår i: The History of the Family. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1081-602X .- 1873-5398. ; 11:1, s. 19-26
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigates differentials in the decline of cause-specific infant mortality by marital status of the mother in Stockholm (1878–1925) and factors contributing to the explanation of these differentials using computerized records of individual entries from the Roteman Archives. Included in the analysis were 120,094 children less than 1 year of age who lived in Södermalm during this period. Cause-specific mortality rates were calculated for three time periods. Cox's regression analysis was used to study the relationship between overall and cause-specific risk of infant death and of being born in and out of wedlock in relation to a set of variables. Infant mortality rates and mortality risks were higher among children born out of rather than in wedlock. The most pronounced differentials in cause-specific mortality rates between these groups of children were seen in cases of diarrhea. The socioeconomic status of the household head and number of children in the household were statistically significant with infant mortality, but explain only part of the excess mortality risk of children born out of wedlock. In Stockholm at the turn of the 19th century being born out of wedlock was strongly associated with poor health outcomes, particularly in diarrheal diseases, pneumonia/bronchitis, and immaturity/congenital causes.
|
|
| 9. |
- Macassa, Gloria, et al.
(författare)
-
Inequalities in under-five mortality in Mozambique : differentials by region of residence and ethnic affiliation of the mother
- 2006
-
Ingår i: East African Medical Journal. - : African Journals Online (AJOL). - 0012-835X. ; 83:5, s. 259-266
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To explore regional and ethnic differentials in under-five mortality in Mozambique in relation to other determinants.DESIGN: Retrospective follow-up study.SETTING: Mozambique.RESULTS: Compared to children of Xitsonga mother's, children of Emakua and Cisena mother's had a mortality risk of 1.47 (CI = 1.06-1.90) and 1.21 (CI = 1.00-1.62) respectively. The excess mortality risks were partly explained by demographic, household environment, socioeconomic factors including region of residence.CONCLUSION: Ethnic affiliation of the mother (measured by the first language the mother spoke) was statistically associated with under-five mortality in Mozambique. Children of mothers of Emakua and Cisena ethnic affiliations and living in the North and Central regions had the worst survival chances. The relation between mother's ethnicity and under-five mortality was largely explained by demographic, socioeconomic and environmental factors.
|
|
| 10. |
- Macassa, Gloria, et al.
(författare)
-
The impact of water supply and sanitation on area differentials in the decline of diarrhoeal disease mortality among infants in Stockholm 1878—1925
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 34:5, s. 526-533
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study analyses the impact of improved water supply and sanitation on the level and rate of decline of child diarrhoea mortality in Stockholm 1878—1925. Previous studies have failed to demonstrate an effect of improved water supply on the risk of diarrhoea mortality at the individual level. Using data on access to water and sanitation from a household survey in 1895 and mortality rates and sociodemographic information from individual data 1878—1925 to analyse area differentials in diarrhoea mortality, it was found that the proportion having their own latrine in the household was associated with lower mortality risk in 1895—1900, while the proportion having water in the household was associated with lower diarrhoea mortality risk during the mortality decline until 1925. Population effects of improved water and sanitation on diarrhoea mortality may be better measured at area level than at individual level.
|
|
