| 1. |
- Özdemir, Metin, 1977-, et al.
(author)
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Does promoting parents' negative attitudes to underage drinking reduce adolescents' drinking? : the mediating process and moderators of the effects of the Örebro prevention programme
- 2016
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In: Addiction. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0965-2140 .- 1360-0443. ; 111:2, s. 263-271
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background and aims: The Örebro Prevention Programme (ÖPP) was found previously to be effective in reducing drunkenness among adolescents [Cohen's d = 0.35, number needed to treat (NNT) = 7.7]. The current study tested the mediating role of parents’ restrictive attitudes to underage drinking in explaining the effectiveness of the ÖPP, and the potential moderating role of gender, immigration status, peers’ and parents’ drinking and parent–adolescent relationship quality.Design: A quasi‐experimental matched‐control group study with assessments at baseline, and at 18‐ and 30‐month follow‐ups.Participants: Of the 895 target youths at ages 12–13 years, 811 youths and 651 parents at baseline, 653 youths and 524 parents at 18‐month and 705 youths and 506 parents at 30‐month follow‐up participated in the study.Measurements: Youths reported on their past month drunkenness, their parents’ and peers’ alcohol use and the quality of their relationship with parents. Parents reported on their attitudes to underage drinking.Findings: The mediation analyses, using latent growth curve modeling, showed that changes in parents’ restrictive attitudes to underage drinking explained the impact of the ÖPP on changes in youth drunkenness, which was reduced, and onset of monthly drunkenness, which was delayed, relative to controls. Mediation effect explained 57 and 45% of the effects on drunkenness and onset of monthly drunkenness, respectively. The programme effects on both parents’ attitudes and youth drunkenness were similar across gender, immigrant status, parents’ and peers’ alcohol use and parent–youth relationship quality.Conclusions: Increasing parents’ restrictive attitudes to youth drinking appears to be an effective and robust strategy for reducing heavy underage drinking regardless of the adolescents’ gender, cultural origin, peers’ and parents’ drinking and relationship quality with parents.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Clavier, Berndt, et al.
(author)
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The Cascading Metrologies of Swedish Cultural Policy
- 2018
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In: Nordisk kulturpolitisk tidskrift. - : Idunn. - 1403-3216 .- 2000-8325. ; 21:2, s. 179-199
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The commencement of cultural policy in Sweden is analysed as part of global and networked socio-technical agencements, beginning with the transformation of the political rationalities underlying state support for theatre in the early nineteen-thirties and ending in the current moment, which is described as a phase of cascading metrologies. Using Actor Network Theory as a methodology, the article explores how cultural policy partakes in what Foucault has elaborated as the progressive governmentalization of power relations, whereby art and culture, in this case, is “elaborated, rationalized, and centralized in the form of, or under the auspices of, state institutions.” Specific attention is brought to the historical role of UNESCO in the governmentalization of art and culture, and its importance for the first Swedish bill of culture. The article also elaborates on the central role of metrologies in the process of governmentalization, whereby art and culture is subjected to measuring devices, and by extension, concepts and instruments that contribute to the progressive socialization and naturalization of novel art-effects, such as social and economic development.
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| 4. |
- Fairbairn, Malcolm, et al.
(author)
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Expansion history and f(R) modified gravity
- 2007
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In: Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics. - : IOP Publishing. - 1475-7516. ; :12, s. 005-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We attempt to fit cosmological data using f(R) modified Lagrangians containing inverse powers of the Ricci scalar varied with respect to the metric. While we can fit the supernova data well, we confirm the behaviour at medium to high redshifts reported elsewhere and argue that the easiest way to show that this class of models are inconsistent with the data is by considering the thickness of the last scattering surface. For the best fit parameters to the supernova data, the simplest 1/R model gives rise to a last scattering surface of thickness Δz~530, inconsistent with observations.
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| 5. |
- Kim, A.S., et al.
(author)
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Fracture strength testing of δ-alumina fibres with variable diameters and lengths
- 1993
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In: Composites Science And Technology. - 0266-3538 .- 1879-1050. ; 47:4, s. 331-333
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Tensile tests were performed on individual δ-alumina fibres (Saffil, RF grade). The results revealed a large scatter in strengths and a clear dependence of the fracture strength on the specimen volume. The tests were evaluated on the basis of the Weibull probability function, a special modification of the Weibull analysis being developed that successfully copes with the problem of testing fibres with various diameters and test lengths. For the sample studied the Weibull modulus, m, was found to be 2·2, with a scaling constant δ0 = 6·0 MPa (units of volume mm3; i.e. V0 = 1 mm3).
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| 6. |
- Mataix-Cols, David, et al.
(author)
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Operational Definitions of Treatment Response and Remission in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Capture Meaningful Improvements in Everyday Life
- 2022
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In: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. - : S. Karger AG. - 0033-3190 .- 1423-0348. ; 91:6, s. 424-430
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction: The operational definitions of treatment response, partial response, and remission in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are widely used in clinical trials and regular practice. However, the clinimetric sensitivity of these definitions, that is, whether they identify patients that experience meaningful changes in their everyday life, remains unexplored.Objective: The objective was to examine the clinimetric sensitivity of the operational definitions of treatment response, partial response, and remission in children and adults with OCD.Methods: Pre- and post-treatment data from five clinical trials and three cohort studies of children and adults with OCD (n = 1,528; 55.3% children, 61.1% female) were pooled. We compared (1) responders, partial responders, and non-responders and (2) remitters and non-remitters on self-reported OCD symptoms, clinician-rated general functioning, and self-reported quality of life. Remission was also evaluated against post-treatment diagnostic interviews.Results: Responders and remitters experienced large improvements across validators. Responders had greater improvements than partial responders and non-responders on self-reported OCD symptoms (Cohen’s d 0.65–1.13), clinician-rated functioning (Cohen’s d 0.53–1.03), and self-reported quality of life (Cohen’s d 0.63–0.73). Few meaningful differences emerged between partial responders and non-responders. Remitters had better outcomes across most validators than non-remitters. Remission criteria corresponded well with absence of post-treatment diagnosis (sensitivity/specificity: 93%/83%). Using both the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) and the Clinical Global Impression Scale yielded more conservative results and more robust changes across validators, compared to only using the Y-BOCS.Conclusions: The current definitions of treatment response and remission capture meaningful improvements in the everyday life of individuals with OCD, whereas the concept of partial response has dubious clinimetric sensitivity.
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| 7. |
- Pierzynowska, Kateryna, et al.
(author)
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Maternal Immunoglobulins in Infants—Are They More Than Just a Form of Passive Immunity?
- 2020
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In: Frontiers in Immunology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-3224. ; 11
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In the present review, we highlight the possible “extra-immunological” effects of maternal immunoglobulins (Ig) transferred to the blood circulation of offspring, either via the placenta before birth or via the colostrum/milk across the gut after birth in different mammalian species. Using the newborn pig as a model, since they are naturally born agammaglobulinemic, intravenously (i.v.) infused purified serum Ig rapidly improved the vitality, suckling behavior, and ensured the survival of both preterm and term piglets. In further studies, we found that proper brain development requires i.v. Ig supplementation. Studies have reported on the positive effects of i.v. Ig treatment in children with epilepsy. Moreover, feeding newborn pigs an elementary diet supplemented with Ig improved the gut structure, and recently a positive impact of enteral or parenteral Ig supplementation on the absorption of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) was observed in the newborn pig. Summarized, our own results and those found in the literature, indicate the existence of important extra-immune effects of maternal Ig, in addition to the classical protective effects of transferred maternal passive immunity, including effects on the development of the brain, gut, and possibly other organ systems in the neonate. These additional properties of circulating Ig could have an impact on care guidelines for human neonates, especially those born prematurely with low plasma Ig levels.
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| 8. |
- Yan, Wenqing, Ph.D. Student, 1994-, et al.
(author)
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ORF: Towards On-board Radiometric Fingerprinting Fully Integrated on an Embedded System
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Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Radiometric fingerprinting systems leverage unique physical-layer signal characteristics originating from individual hardware imperfections to identify transmitter devices. The pure passive nature of such mechanisms entirely relieves the overhead of identification and authentication operations from the end devices, which fits well with resource-constrained applications such as wireless sensor networks. However, existing systems are limited by the need for specialized hardware and non-trivial computations to extract fingerprinting features, hindering their pervasive deployment. For the first time, we ask the question whether it is feasible to implement an entire radiometric fingerprinting system on a low-cost and low-power embedded SoC. We introduce ORF, which demonstrates the feasibility of such a system on an embedded SoC that costs less than 6 dollars. Our experiments show that ORF achieves over 92% average accuracy on the task of identifying one out of 32 different transmitter devices.
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| 9. |
- Coubris, Constance, et al.
(author)
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A brittle star is born: Ontogeny of luminous capabilities in Amphiura filiformis
- 2024
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In: PLOS ONE. - 1932-6203. ; 19:3
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Bioluminescence is the production of visible light by living organisms thanks to a chemical reaction, implying the oxidation of a substrate called luciferin catalyzed by an enzyme, the luciferase. The luminous brittle star Amphiura filiformis depends on coelenterazine (i.e., the most widespread luciferin in marine ecosystems) and a luciferase homologous to the cnidarian Renilla luciferase to produce blue flashes in the arm's spine. Only a few studies have focused on the ontogenic apparitions of bioluminescence in marine organisms. Like most ophiuroids, A. filiformis displays planktonic ophiopluteus larvae for which the ability to produce light was not investigated. This study aims to document the apparition of the luminous capabilities of this species during its ontogenic development, from the egg to settlement. Through biochemical assays, pharmacological stimulation, and Renilla-like luciferase immunohistological detection across different developing stages, we pointed out the emergence of the luminous capabilities after the ophiopluteus larval metamorphosis into a juvenile. In conclusion, we demonstrated that the larval pelagic stage of A. filiformis is not bioluminescent compared to juveniles and adults.
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