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- Garnsworthy, A. B., et al.
(författare)
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Spectroscopy of Po-212 and At-213 using a He-8 radioactive beam and EXOGAM
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics G. - : IOP Publishing. - 0954-3899 .- 1361-6471. ; 31:10, s. S1851-S1854
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A beam of 28 MeV He-8 particles with an average intensity 2 x 10(5) ions s(-1), produced by the SPIRAL facility at GANIL, was used to initiate fusion-evaporation reactions in thick targets of Pb-201 and Bi-209. Excited states of Po-212 and At-213 were populated in (He-8,4n) reactions. The emitted gamma-rays were detected using the EXOGAM array composed of four Compton suppressed germanium Clover detectors in a close geometry configuration. Preliminary results show that Po-212 has been populated to high spin (I similar or equal to 14) with a significantly increased yield compared with our previous He-8 beam experiment. An apparently increased relative population of states up to 12(+) was observed compared with published results from a Pb-208(Be-9,alpha n)(212) Po reaction at 48 MeV. Evidence is presented for a previously unreported de-excitation pathway: 69 keV (13(-) -> 12(+)). States up to I-pi = (39/2(-)) have also been observed in At-213.
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| 5. |
- Gurdon, J. B., et al.
(författare)
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Nuclear reprogramming by xenopus oocytes
- 2005
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Ingår i: Novartis Found Symp. ; 265
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this contribution is to relate amphibian nuclear transplantation work to prospects for stem cell creation and hence to the long-term aim of cell replacement in humans. The methods used include the transplantation of single somatic cell nuclei to enudeated unfertilized eggs of Xenopus, and also the transfer of multiple somatic cell nuclei to the nucleus (germinal vesicle) of a growing ovarian oocyte. A key difference between these types of recipient cell is that eggs immediately induce DNA replication in transplanted nuclei, whereas an oocyte induces no DNA replication, but directly reprograms an injected nucleus to a new pattern of transcriptional activity. We summarize the extent and success of past and current nuclear reprogramming in experiments with enucleated frog eggs, and also those carried out with growing oocytes. We discuss possible mechanisms of nuclear reprogramming, and the possible contribution of such knowledge for stem cell creation and cell replacement in humans.
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| 6. |
- Samuelsson, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic and environmental influences on prereading skills and early reading and spelling development in the United States, Australia, and Scandinavia
- 2007
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Ingår i: Reading and writing. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0922-4777 .- 1573-0905. ; 20:1-2, s. 51-75
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Genetic and environmental influences on prereading skills in preschool and on early reading and spelling development at the end of kindergarten were compared among samples of identical and fraternal twins from the U.S. (Colorado), Australia, and Scandinavia. Mean comparisons revealed significantly lower preschool print knowledge in Scandinavia, consistent with the relatively lower amount of shared book reading and letter-based activities with parents, and lack of emphasis on print knowledge in Scandinavian preschools. The patterns of correlations between all preschool environment measures and prereading skills within the samples were remarkably similar, as were the patterns of genetic, shared environment, and non-shared environment estimates: in all samples, genetic influence was substantial and shared environment influence was relatively weak for phonological awareness, rapid naming, and verbal memory, genetic influence was weak, and shared environment influence was relatively strong for vocabulary and print knowledge. In contrast, for reading and spelling assessed at the end of kindergarten in the Australian and U.S. samples, there was some preliminary evidence for country differences in the magnitude of genetic and environmental influences. We argue that the apparently higher genetic and lower shared environment influence in the Australian sample was related to a greater emphasis on formal reading instruction, resulting in more advanced reading and spelling skills at the end of kindergarten, and thus there was greater opportunity to observe genetic influences on response to systematic reading instruction among the Australian twins. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2007.
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| 8. |
- Ankerst, J., et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of the bronchodilating effects of formoterol and albuterol delivered by hydrofluoroalkane pressurized metered-dose inhaler
- 2005
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Ingår i: Treat Respir Med. ; 4:2, s. 123-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To compare the onset of bronchodilation with a new formoterol hydrofluoroalkane (HFA) pressurized metered-dose inhaler (pMDI) with albuterol (salbutamol) HFA pMDI. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty patients with stable mild or moderate asthma (23 using inhaled corticosteroids, mean FEV(1) 82% of predicted, >or=15% reversibility to terbutaline 1mg after 30 minutes) received formoterol HFA (Oxis) 2 x 4.5microg, albuterol HFA (Ventoline) Evohaler) 2 x 100microg, or placebo at three separate visits in this randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, three-way crossover study. FEV(1) was measured before and 3, 10, 20, 30 and 60 minutes after inhalation. Change in FEV(1) at 3 minutes after inhalation was the primary variable. RESULTS: Mean baseline FEV(1) was stable on all study days (range 2.92-2.94L). FEV(1) values at 3 minutes were: formoterol 3.22L (8% increase), albuterol 3.23L (9% increase) and placebo 2.99L (both p < 0.001 vs placebo). Maximum FEV(1) increased similarly with formoterol and albuterol, with no differences observed between the active treatments at any time point. Patients rated treatment effective at 3 minutes in 15 of 30, 19 of 30 and 7 of 30 cases with formoterol, albuterol and placebo, respectively. All treatments were well tolerated. CONCLUSION: In stable, mild, or moderate asthma, formoterol 9microg and albuterol 200microg, both by HFA pMDI, provided equally rapid and effective bronchodilation.
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| 9. |
- Corcoran, Paul A., et al.
(författare)
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The effect of different strains of Helicobacter pylori on platelet aggregation
- 2007
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Ingår i: Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology. - 0835-7900. ; 21:6, s. 367-370
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Helicobacter pylori is the major causative agent in peptic ulcer disease and is strongly implicated in the development of gastric cancer. It has also been linked, less strongly, to cardiovascular disease. The mechanisms by which certain Strains of H pylon induce platelet aggregation through interactions with platelet glycoprotein 1b have been previously described. METHODS: In the present study, 21 different strains of H pylori, varying in their vacuolating toxin gene, cytotoxic-associated gene A status and other pathogenicity factors, were tested for their ability to induce platelet agggregation. RESULTS: Ten of the 21 strains induced platelet aggregation, a response that appeared to be independent of their vacuolating toxin gene and cytotoxic-associated gene A status. CONCLUSIONS: Platelet aggregation has been suggested to be one of the possible mechanisms involved in the effects on the cardiovascular system induced by H pylori. Our results suggest that any putative role H pylon plays in cardiovascular disease may be strain dependent. Further work to identify the H pylon factors involved in induction of platelet aggregation may allow for identification of 'higher risk' strains for cardiovascular disease.
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| 10. |
- Friend, A, et al.
(författare)
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Heritability of high reading ability and its interaction with parental education
- 2009
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Ingår i: Behavior Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0001-8244 .- 1573-3297. ; 39, s. 427-436
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Moderation of the level of genetic influence on children’s high reading ability by environmental influences associated with parental education was explored in two independent samples of identical and fraternal twins from the United States and Great Britain. For both samples, the heritability of high reading performance increased significantly with lower levels of parental education. Thus, resilience (high reading ability despite lower environmental support) is more strongly influenced by genotype than is high reading ability with higher environmental support. This result provides a coherent account when considered alongside results of previous research showing that heritability for low reading ability decreased with lower levels of parental education.
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