| 1. |
- Campus, G., et al.
(författare)
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Fluoride Concentration from Dental Sealants: A Randomized Clinical Trial
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Dental Research. - : SAGE Publications. - 0022-0345 .- 1544-0591. ; 92:S7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A randomized clinical trial was performed in schoolchildren (6-7 yrs) to evaluate fluoride concentration in interproximal fluid after the placement of 3 different sealants. The sample consisted of 2,776 children randomly divided: 926 in the high-viscosity Glass-ionomer Cement group (GIC group), 923 in the fluoride Resin-based group (fluoride-RB group), and 927 in the no-fluoride Resin-based group (RB group). In total, 2,640 children completed the trial. Sealants were applied following manufacturer's instructions. Interproximal fluid samples were collected at baseline and 2, 7, and 21 days after application of sealants, by insertion of a standardized paperpoint into the interproximal mesial space of the sealed tooth for 15 seconds. Fluoride concentration was evaluated by means of a fluoride ion-selective electrode. At 2 days after sealant application, fluoride concentration was significantly higher in GIC and fluoride-RB groups compared with that in the RB group (p < .01). Mean fluoride concentrations after 7 days were 2.54 (SE 0.68) ppm, 0.85 (SE 0.26) ppm, and 0.53 (SE 0.11) ppm for the three groups, respectively. After 21 days, fluoride concentration in the GIC group remained higher than that in the other two groups. High-viscosity GIC sealants increased the fluoride concentrations in interproximal fluid more than did a Resin-based sealant containing fluoride (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01588210).
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| 2. |
- Carta, G., et al.
(författare)
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Oral health inequalities in Italian schoolchildren - a cross-sectional evaluation
- 2014
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Ingår i: Community Dental Health. - 0265-539X. ; 31:2, s. 123-128
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To evaluate which of the following indicators of socio-economic status (SES) has the strongest association with dental caries status in a 6-year-old population: the educational level of each parent (individual-level); the mean price of housing/m(2) in the area where the family resides; or the mean per capita income in the area where the family lives (area-level). Material and Methods: Dental caries was recorded in 2,040 schoolchildren (42.5% boys, 57.5% girls) using decayed/missed/filled surface index (d(3) level) in primary dentition. Parents filled in a standardised questionnaire regarding nationality, level of education, frequency of dental check-up and perception of child's oral health and child's oral hygiene habits. Results: At the individual-level of SES, mothers' educational level was associated with their children's caries severity (chi(2)((9)) (9)= 147.51 p<0.01): as educational level rose the proportion of children with high numbers of carious lesions fell. The two income indicators (area-level SES) were not associated. A multinomial logistic regression model was run for caries risk factors. Caries severity was used as dependent variable and the model was stratified by mothers' educational level. Mothers' perception of child's oral health was the only covariate that was always associated in every caries severity strata and for each level of mothers' education. Conclusions: The present study shows that mothers' educational level is a useful individual SES indicator for caries in Italian children living in a low-income population.
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| 3. |
- Cagetti, M. G., et al.
(författare)
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Effect of Fluoridated Sealants on Adjacent Tooth Surfaces: A 30-mo Randomized Clinical Trial
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Dental Research. - : SAGE Publications. - 0022-0345 .- 1544-0591. ; 93:7, s. 59-65
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A double-blind randomized clinical trial was performed in 6- to 7-yr-old schoolchildren to evaluate, in a 30-mo period, whether the caries increment on the distal surface of the second primary molars adjacent to permanent first molars sealed with fluoride release compounds would be lower with respect to those adjacent to permanent first molars sealed with a nonfluoridated sealant. In sum, 2,776 subjects were enrolled and randomly divided into 3 groups receiving sealants on sound first molars: high-viscosity glass ionomer cement (GIC group); resin-based sealant with fluoride (fluoride-RB group); and a resin-based sealant without fluoride (RB group). Caries (D-1-D-3 level) was recorded on the distal surface of the second primary molar, considered the unit of analysis including only sound surfaces at the baseline. At baseline, no differences in caries prevalence were recorded in the 3 groups regarding the considered surfaces. At follow-up, the prevalence of an affected unit of analysis was statistically lower (p=.03) in the GIC and fluoride-RB groups (p=.04). In the GIC group, fewer new caries were observed in the unit of analysis respect to the other 2 groups. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were 0.70 (95% confidence interval: 0.50, 0.68; p < .01) for GIC vs. RB and 0.79 (95% confidence interval: 0.53, 1.04; p = .005) for fluoride-RB vs. RB. Caries incidence was significantly associated with low socioeconomic status (IRR = 1.18; 95% confidence interval: 1.10, 1.42; p = .05). Dental sealant high-viscosity GIC and fluoride-RB demonstrated protection against dental caries, and there was evidence that these materials afforded additional protection for the tooth nearest to the sealed tooth.
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| 4. |
- Campus, G, et al.
(författare)
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Cariogram Validity in Schoolchildren: A Two-Year Follow-Up Study.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Caries research. - : S. Karger AG. - 1421-976X .- 0008-6568. ; 46:1, s. 16-22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The validity of Cariogram in relation to caries increment over a 2-year period was evaluated. In 2007, the caries risk profile in a group of Sardinian schoolchildren (957) aged 7-9 years was assessed using the Cariogram software. A re-examination using the same criteria was performed 2 years later on 861 individuals from the original sample (drop-out 10.0%). The possible correlated variables were analyzed using the principal component analysis (PCA). The performances of Cariogram in predicting caries increment were evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. At follow-up examination, 54.4% of the sample had developed new carious lesions (mean DFS 1.6, 95% CI 1.5-1.8). The mean caries increment (ΔDFS) was 0.5, 95% CI 0.4-0.5. PCA showed that Cariogram, gingival status and dietary sugar frequency, both at baseline and at follow-up, tend to form a separate cluster (goodness of fit ≥0.75). Sensitivity and specificity measured by ROC analysis were 0.83 and 0.85, respectively, so the gain in certainty was 1.68, while the area under the ROC curve was 0.93. A strong correlation between caries risk profiles at baseline and caries incidence in the permanent teeth after 2 years was found. The validity of Cariogram was confirmed, the software fulfilling the criteria for a good risk assessment model: precision, accuracy and ease of use.
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| 5. |
- Campus, G., et al.
(författare)
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Effect of a daily dose of Lactobacillus brevis CD2 lozenges in high caries risk schoolchildren
- 2014
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Ingår i: Clinical Oral Investigations. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-6981 .- 1436-3771. ; 18:2, s. 555-561
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial was performed to validate the hypothesis that the use of lozenges containing Lactobacillus brevis CD2 (InersanA (R), CD Investments srl) may reduce plaque pH, salivary mutans streptococci (ms) and bleeding on probing, during a 6-week period, in a sample of high caries risk schoolchildren. A total of 191 children (aged 6-8 years), presenting two to three carious lesions and a salivary ms concentration of a parts per thousand yen10(5) CFU/ml, were enrolled and divided into two groups, an L. brevis CD2 lozenge group and a no L. brevis lozenge group, and examined at baseline (t(0)), after 3 weeks (t(1)), after 6 weeks of lozenge use (t(2)) and 2 weeks after the cessation of lozenge use (t(3)). Plaque pH was assessed using the microtouch technique following a sucrose challenge. The area under the curve (AUC(5.7) and AUC(6.2)) was recorded. Salivary ms were counted, and bleeding on probing was assessed. At t(0), the plaque-pH and ms concentration values were similar in both groups. Mean areas (AUC(5.7) and AUC(6.2)) were significantly greater in the control group at t(1), t(2) and t(3). L. brevis CD2 lozenges significantly reduced salivary ms concentrations and bleeding. The subjects from the test group showed a statistically significant decrease (p = 0.01) in salivary ms concentration. At t(2), a statistically significantly lower bleeding value was recorded in the test group compared with the control group (p = 0.02). Six weeks' use of lozenges containing L. brevis CD2 had a beneficial effect on some important variables related to oral health, including a reduction in plaque acidogenicity, salivary ms and bleeding on probing. (Trial Registration Number NCT01601145 08/21/2012).
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| 6. |
- Campus, G, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of a sugar-free chewing gum containing magnolia bark extract on different variables related to caries and gingivitis: a randomized controlled intervention trial.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Caries research. - : S. Karger AG. - 1421-976X .- 0008-6568. ; 45:4, s. 393-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of magnolia bark extract (MBE) on different variables related to caries and gingivitis administered daily through a sugar-free chewing gum was evaluated. The study was performed with healthy adult volunteers at high risk for caries as a randomized double-blind interventional study. 120 subjects with a salivary mutans streptococci (MS) concentration ≥10(5) CFU/ml and presence of bleeding on probing >25% were enrolled and divided into three groups: magnolia, xylitol and control. The study design included examinations at baseline, after 7 days, after 30 days of gum use and 7 days after the end of gum use. Plaque pH was assessed using the strip method following a sucrose challenge. Area under the curve (AUC(5.7) and AUC(6.2)) was recorded. Whole saliva was collected and the number of salivary MS (CFU/ml) was counted. Bleeding on probing was recorded as a proxy of dental plaque. Data were analyzed using ANOVA repeated measures. Magnolia gum significantly reduced plaque acidogenicity, MS salivary concentration and gingival bleeding compared to xylitol and control gums. Subjects from the magnolia and xylitol groups showed both MS concentration (p = 0.01 and 0.06, respectively) and AUC(5.7) (p = 0.01 and 0.04, respectively) to be significantly lower compared to baseline. Thirty-day use of a chewing gum containing MBE showed beneficial effects on oral health, including reduction of salivary MS, plaque acidogenicity and bleeding on probing.
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| 7. |
- Brambilla, E., et al.
(författare)
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An in vitro and in vivo Comparison of the Effect of Stevia rebaudiana Extracts on Different Caries-Related Variables: A Randomized Controlled Trial Pilot Study
- 2014
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Ingår i: Caries Research. - : S. Karger AG. - 0008-6568 .- 1421-976X. ; 48:1, s. 19-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of Stevia extracts on in vitro Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation and in vivo plaque pH was evaluated in this paper. Three 10% solutions containing stevioside, rebaudioside A or sucrose were prepared. MIT assay was used to evaluate microbiological counts in vitro. Twenty volunteers rinsed for 1 min with each solutions, and plaque pH was measured at 7 time points after each rinse. Higher in vitro S. mutans biofilm formation was observed in sucrose solution (p < 0.01). After 5, 10, 15 and 30 min, the sucrose in vivo rinse produced a statistically significantly lower pH value compared to the Stevia extracts (F = 99.45, p < 0.01). Stevia extracts can be considered nonacidogenic. (C) 20135. Karger AG, Basel
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| 8. |
- Cagetti, M. G., et al.
(författare)
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The use of probiotic strains in caries prevention: A systematic review
- 2013
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Ingår i: Nutrients. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-6643. ; 5:7, s. 2530-2550
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper aims to provide a systematic review of the caries-prevention effect of probiotics in human. The hypothesis was that the administration of probiotic strains might play a role in caries lesion prevention and in the control of caries-related risk factors. The main relevant databases (Medline, Embase) were searched. Quality of the Randomized Clinical Trials (RCTs) was classified using the "Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials" (CONSORT) checklist and the Impact Factor (IF) value of each journal was recorded. Sixty-six papers were identified, and 23 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Only three studies had caries lesion development as outcome, all the others reported caries risk factors as interim evaluation. Using the CONSORT Score, the papers were coded as 4 excellent, 9 good and 10 poor. The mean IF value recorded was 1.438. Probiotics may play a role as antagonistic agent on mutans streptococci (MS), acidogenic/aciduric bacteria that contributes to the caries process. In two-thirds of the selected papers, probiotics have demonstrated the capacity to reduce MS counts in saliva and/or plaque in short-term. The effect of probiotics on the development of caries lesion seems encouraging, but to date, RCTs on this topic are insufficient to provide scientific clinical evidence. © 2013 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
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