| 1. |
- Campus, G., et al.
(författare)
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Fluoride Concentration from Dental Sealants: A Randomized Clinical Trial
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Dental Research. - : SAGE Publications. - 0022-0345 .- 1544-0591. ; 92:S7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A randomized clinical trial was performed in schoolchildren (6-7 yrs) to evaluate fluoride concentration in interproximal fluid after the placement of 3 different sealants. The sample consisted of 2,776 children randomly divided: 926 in the high-viscosity Glass-ionomer Cement group (GIC group), 923 in the fluoride Resin-based group (fluoride-RB group), and 927 in the no-fluoride Resin-based group (RB group). In total, 2,640 children completed the trial. Sealants were applied following manufacturer's instructions. Interproximal fluid samples were collected at baseline and 2, 7, and 21 days after application of sealants, by insertion of a standardized paperpoint into the interproximal mesial space of the sealed tooth for 15 seconds. Fluoride concentration was evaluated by means of a fluoride ion-selective electrode. At 2 days after sealant application, fluoride concentration was significantly higher in GIC and fluoride-RB groups compared with that in the RB group (p < .01). Mean fluoride concentrations after 7 days were 2.54 (SE 0.68) ppm, 0.85 (SE 0.26) ppm, and 0.53 (SE 0.11) ppm for the three groups, respectively. After 21 days, fluoride concentration in the GIC group remained higher than that in the other two groups. High-viscosity GIC sealants increased the fluoride concentrations in interproximal fluid more than did a Resin-based sealant containing fluoride (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01588210).
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| 2. |
- Carta, G., et al.
(författare)
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Oral health inequalities in Italian schoolchildren - a cross-sectional evaluation
- 2014
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Ingår i: Community Dental Health. - 0265-539X. ; 31:2, s. 123-128
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To evaluate which of the following indicators of socio-economic status (SES) has the strongest association with dental caries status in a 6-year-old population: the educational level of each parent (individual-level); the mean price of housing/m(2) in the area where the family resides; or the mean per capita income in the area where the family lives (area-level). Material and Methods: Dental caries was recorded in 2,040 schoolchildren (42.5% boys, 57.5% girls) using decayed/missed/filled surface index (d(3) level) in primary dentition. Parents filled in a standardised questionnaire regarding nationality, level of education, frequency of dental check-up and perception of child's oral health and child's oral hygiene habits. Results: At the individual-level of SES, mothers' educational level was associated with their children's caries severity (chi(2)((9)) (9)= 147.51 p<0.01): as educational level rose the proportion of children with high numbers of carious lesions fell. The two income indicators (area-level SES) were not associated. A multinomial logistic regression model was run for caries risk factors. Caries severity was used as dependent variable and the model was stratified by mothers' educational level. Mothers' perception of child's oral health was the only covariate that was always associated in every caries severity strata and for each level of mothers' education. Conclusions: The present study shows that mothers' educational level is a useful individual SES indicator for caries in Italian children living in a low-income population.
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| 3. |
- Cagetti, M. G., et al.
(författare)
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Effect of Fluoridated Sealants on Adjacent Tooth Surfaces: A 30-mo Randomized Clinical Trial
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Dental Research. - : SAGE Publications. - 0022-0345 .- 1544-0591. ; 93:7, s. 59-65
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A double-blind randomized clinical trial was performed in 6- to 7-yr-old schoolchildren to evaluate, in a 30-mo period, whether the caries increment on the distal surface of the second primary molars adjacent to permanent first molars sealed with fluoride release compounds would be lower with respect to those adjacent to permanent first molars sealed with a nonfluoridated sealant. In sum, 2,776 subjects were enrolled and randomly divided into 3 groups receiving sealants on sound first molars: high-viscosity glass ionomer cement (GIC group); resin-based sealant with fluoride (fluoride-RB group); and a resin-based sealant without fluoride (RB group). Caries (D-1-D-3 level) was recorded on the distal surface of the second primary molar, considered the unit of analysis including only sound surfaces at the baseline. At baseline, no differences in caries prevalence were recorded in the 3 groups regarding the considered surfaces. At follow-up, the prevalence of an affected unit of analysis was statistically lower (p=.03) in the GIC and fluoride-RB groups (p=.04). In the GIC group, fewer new caries were observed in the unit of analysis respect to the other 2 groups. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were 0.70 (95% confidence interval: 0.50, 0.68; p < .01) for GIC vs. RB and 0.79 (95% confidence interval: 0.53, 1.04; p = .005) for fluoride-RB vs. RB. Caries incidence was significantly associated with low socioeconomic status (IRR = 1.18; 95% confidence interval: 1.10, 1.42; p = .05). Dental sealant high-viscosity GIC and fluoride-RB demonstrated protection against dental caries, and there was evidence that these materials afforded additional protection for the tooth nearest to the sealed tooth.
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| 4. |
- Campus, G, et al.
(författare)
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Six months of daily high-dose xylitol in high-risk schoolchildren: a randomized clinical trial on plaque pH and salivary mutans streptococci.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Caries research. - : S. Karger AG. - 1421-976X .- 0008-6568. ; 43:6, s. 455-61
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A randomized clinical trial was designed to evaluate the effect of daily high-dose xylitol chewing gum on plaque pH and salivary mutans streptococci (MS) in a sample of schoolchildren at high risk of caries. The study was performed on 204 subjects (acceptance rate 88.3%). Inclusion criteria were: >1 and <4 carious lesions, and a salivary MS concentration >10(5) CFU/ml. Subjects were randomly assigned to the xylitol or control group. Study design included one examination at baseline (t(0)), one after 3 months of chewing (t(1)), one after 6 months of chewing (t(2)) and the last 3 months after the end of chewing period (t(3)). Plaque pH was assessed using the MicroTouch technique, following a sucrose challenge. The area under the curve (AUC(5.7) and AUC(6.2)) was recorded. Whole saliva was collected in sterile vials and MS CFU/ml were counted. Data were analysed using repeated-measures ANOVA. The main result was that plaque acidogenicity was reduced in both groups. The differences between treatments were statistically significant both for plaque pH and MS concentration; the interaction term for treatment and time was statistically significant (p < 0.01). At t(2), the xylitol group children with a salivary MS concentration >10(5) and those with < or =10(5) showed significantly lower AUC(5.7) and AUC(6.2) values than the control group. These results suggest that the long-term use of high-dose non-sucrose chewing gums had beneficial effects on plaque pH, and that this effect was statistically greater when using xylitol chewing gums, both on plaque pH and MS salivary concentration.
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| 5. |
- Lai, S. O., et al.
(författare)
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Effect of Lactobacillus brevis CD2 containing lozenges and plaque pH and cariogenic bacteria in diabetic children: a randomised clinical trial
- 2021
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Ingår i: Clinical Oral Investigations. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-6981 .- 1436-3771. ; 25, s. 115-123
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective The short-term effect (60 days) ofLactobacillus brevisCD2 lozenges vs placebo on variables related to caries and gingivitis in type 1 diabetic children was evaluated. Material and methods Eight diabetics (4-14 years old) were assigned to two groups (n= 34 subjects each), probiotic lozenges and placebo. Stimulated saliva for microbiological analysis and plaque pH were assessed at baseline (t(0)), 30 days (t(1)), 60 days (t(2)) and in the follow-up period (90 days from baseline,t(3)). Gingival status was assessed att(0),t(2)andt(3). Two-way ANOVA assessed differences between groups. Results In the probiotic group,Streptococcus mutansbacterial density mean scores dropped from 3.11 +/- 1.13 at baseline to 1.82 +/- 0.72 (t(2)) and to 2.06 +/- 0.56 (t(3)), while in the placebo group, the scores were 3.09 +/- 0.8 (t(0)), 2.82 +/- 0.47 (t(2)) and 3.11 +/- 0.43 (t(3)) (p< 0.01). Lowest and maximum pH fall increased in the probiotic group, from 5.37 +/- 0.41 at baseline to 5.49 +/- 0.24 att(3)(p< 0.01) and from 1.20 +/- 0.46 to 0.98 +/- 0.29 (p= 0.02). Bleeding score decreased significantly in both groups, showing a statistically significant lower bleeding score att(2)in the probiotic group (25.6%, 95% CI 21.5-32.7 vs 29.5%, 95% CI 25.2-34.9,p= 0.02). Conclusions Lactobacillus brevisCD2 has shown to improve caries-related risk factors and gingival health in diabetic children.
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| 6. |
- Cagetti, M. G., et al.
(författare)
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Are standardized caries risk assessment models effective in assessing actual caries status and future caries increment? A systematic review
- 2018
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Ingår i: Bmc Oral Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1472-6831. ; 18
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Assessing caries risk is an essential element in the planning of preventive and therapeutic strategies. Different caries risk assessment (CRA) models have been proposed for the identification of individuals running a risk of future caries. This systematic review was designed to evaluate whether standardized caries risk assessment (CRA) models are able to evaluate the risk according to the actual caries status and/or the future caries increment. Methods: Randomized clinical trials, cross-sectional studies, cohort studies, comparative studies, validation studies and evaluation studies, reporting caries risk assessment using standardized models (Cariogram, CAMBRA, PreViser, NUS-CRA and CAT) in patients of any age related to caries data recorded by DMFT/S or ICDAS indices, were included. PubMed, Scopus and Embase were searched from 2000 to 2016. A search string was developed. All the papers meeting the inclusion criteria were subjected to a quality assessment. Results: One thousand three-undred ninety-two papers were identified and 32 were included. In all but one, the Cariogram was used both as sole model or in conjunction with other models. All the papers on children (n = 16) and adults (n = 12) found a statistically significant association between the risk levels and the actual caries status and/or the future caries increment. Nineteen papers, all using the Cariogram except one, were classified as being of good quality. Three of four papers comprising children and adults found a positive association. For seven of the included papers, Cariogram sensibility and specificity were calculated; sensibility ranged from low (41.0) to fairly low (75.0), while specificity was higher, ranging from 65.8 to 88.0. Wide 95% confidence intervals for both parameters were found, indicating that the reliability of the model differed in different caries risk levels. Conclusions: The scientific evidence relating to standardized CRA models is still limited; even if Cariogram was tested in children and adults in few studies of good quality, no sufficient evidence is available to affirm the method is effective in caries assessment and prediction. New options of diagnosis, prognosis and therapy are now available to dentists but the validity of standardized CRA models still remains limited.
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| 7. |
- Cagetti, M. G., et al.
(författare)
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The Role of Vitamins in Oral Health. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 17:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The association between vitamins and oral health have recently been discussed, yielding increased attention from medical and dental perspectives. The present review aimed to systematically evaluate and appraise the most recently scientific papers investigating the role of vitamins in the prevention and treatment of the main oral diseases as hard dental pathological processes and gum/periodontal disease. Randomized controlled trials, cross-sectional studies, cohort studies, comparative studies, validation studies and evaluation studies, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, reporting associations between vitamins and oral diseases or the use of vitamins to prevent or treat oral diseases in patients of any age were included. PubMed, Embase and Scopus were searched to November 2019 using an ad hoc prepared search string. All the papers meeting the inclusion criteria were subjected to a quality assessment. The search identified 1597 papers; 741 were selected after removing duplicates. A total of 334 articles were excluded after title and abstract evaluation; 407 were assessed and 73 papers were full-text assessed; other 14 papers were discharged after full text evaluation, leaving finally 58 papers included. In general, there is weak evidence supporting the association between vitamins and both gingival/periodontal disease and hard dental pathological processes.
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| 8. |
- Campus, G, et al.
(författare)
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Cariogram Validity in Schoolchildren: A Two-Year Follow-Up Study.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Caries research. - : S. Karger AG. - 1421-976X .- 0008-6568. ; 46:1, s. 16-22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The validity of Cariogram in relation to caries increment over a 2-year period was evaluated. In 2007, the caries risk profile in a group of Sardinian schoolchildren (957) aged 7-9 years was assessed using the Cariogram software. A re-examination using the same criteria was performed 2 years later on 861 individuals from the original sample (drop-out 10.0%). The possible correlated variables were analyzed using the principal component analysis (PCA). The performances of Cariogram in predicting caries increment were evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. At follow-up examination, 54.4% of the sample had developed new carious lesions (mean DFS 1.6, 95% CI 1.5-1.8). The mean caries increment (ΔDFS) was 0.5, 95% CI 0.4-0.5. PCA showed that Cariogram, gingival status and dietary sugar frequency, both at baseline and at follow-up, tend to form a separate cluster (goodness of fit ≥0.75). Sensitivity and specificity measured by ROC analysis were 0.83 and 0.85, respectively, so the gain in certainty was 1.68, while the area under the ROC curve was 0.93. A strong correlation between caries risk profiles at baseline and caries incidence in the permanent teeth after 2 years was found. The validity of Cariogram was confirmed, the software fulfilling the criteria for a good risk assessment model: precision, accuracy and ease of use.
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| 9. |
- Campus, G., et al.
(författare)
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Effect of a daily dose of Lactobacillus brevis CD2 lozenges in high caries risk schoolchildren
- 2014
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Ingår i: Clinical Oral Investigations. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-6981 .- 1436-3771. ; 18:2, s. 555-561
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial was performed to validate the hypothesis that the use of lozenges containing Lactobacillus brevis CD2 (InersanA (R), CD Investments srl) may reduce plaque pH, salivary mutans streptococci (ms) and bleeding on probing, during a 6-week period, in a sample of high caries risk schoolchildren. A total of 191 children (aged 6-8 years), presenting two to three carious lesions and a salivary ms concentration of a parts per thousand yen10(5) CFU/ml, were enrolled and divided into two groups, an L. brevis CD2 lozenge group and a no L. brevis lozenge group, and examined at baseline (t(0)), after 3 weeks (t(1)), after 6 weeks of lozenge use (t(2)) and 2 weeks after the cessation of lozenge use (t(3)). Plaque pH was assessed using the microtouch technique following a sucrose challenge. The area under the curve (AUC(5.7) and AUC(6.2)) was recorded. Salivary ms were counted, and bleeding on probing was assessed. At t(0), the plaque-pH and ms concentration values were similar in both groups. Mean areas (AUC(5.7) and AUC(6.2)) were significantly greater in the control group at t(1), t(2) and t(3). L. brevis CD2 lozenges significantly reduced salivary ms concentrations and bleeding. The subjects from the test group showed a statistically significant decrease (p = 0.01) in salivary ms concentration. At t(2), a statistically significantly lower bleeding value was recorded in the test group compared with the control group (p = 0.02). Six weeks' use of lozenges containing L. brevis CD2 had a beneficial effect on some important variables related to oral health, including a reduction in plaque acidogenicity, salivary ms and bleeding on probing. (Trial Registration Number NCT01601145 08/21/2012).
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| 10. |
- Campus, G, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of a sugar-free chewing gum containing magnolia bark extract on different variables related to caries and gingivitis: a randomized controlled intervention trial.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Caries research. - : S. Karger AG. - 1421-976X .- 0008-6568. ; 45:4, s. 393-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of magnolia bark extract (MBE) on different variables related to caries and gingivitis administered daily through a sugar-free chewing gum was evaluated. The study was performed with healthy adult volunteers at high risk for caries as a randomized double-blind interventional study. 120 subjects with a salivary mutans streptococci (MS) concentration ≥10(5) CFU/ml and presence of bleeding on probing >25% were enrolled and divided into three groups: magnolia, xylitol and control. The study design included examinations at baseline, after 7 days, after 30 days of gum use and 7 days after the end of gum use. Plaque pH was assessed using the strip method following a sucrose challenge. Area under the curve (AUC(5.7) and AUC(6.2)) was recorded. Whole saliva was collected and the number of salivary MS (CFU/ml) was counted. Bleeding on probing was recorded as a proxy of dental plaque. Data were analyzed using ANOVA repeated measures. Magnolia gum significantly reduced plaque acidogenicity, MS salivary concentration and gingival bleeding compared to xylitol and control gums. Subjects from the magnolia and xylitol groups showed both MS concentration (p = 0.01 and 0.06, respectively) and AUC(5.7) (p = 0.01 and 0.04, respectively) to be significantly lower compared to baseline. Thirty-day use of a chewing gum containing MBE showed beneficial effects on oral health, including reduction of salivary MS, plaque acidogenicity and bleeding on probing.
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