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- Caldwell, M, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of increased solar ultraviolet-radiation on terrestrial plants
- 1995
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Ingår i: Ambio: a Journal of Human Environment. - 0044-7447. ; 24:3, s. 166-173
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Physiological and developmental processes of plants are affected by UV-B radiation, even by the amount of UV-B in present-day sunlight. Plants also have several mechanisms to ameliorate or repair these effects and may acclimate to a certain extent to increased levels of UV-B. Nevertheless, plant growth can be directly affected by UV-B radiation. Response to UV-B also varies considerably among species and also cultivars of the same species. In agriculture, this may necessitate using more UV-B-tolerant cultivars and breeding new ones. In forests and grasslands, this will likely result in changes in species composition; therefore there are implications for the biodiversity in different ecosystems. Indirect changes caused by UV-B-such as changes in plant form, biomass allocation to parts of the plant, timing of developmental phases and secondary metabolism-may be equally, or sometimes more important than damaging effects of UV-B. These changes can have important implications for plant competitive balance, herbivory, plant pathogens, and biogeochemical cycles. These ecosystem-level effects can be anticipated, but not easily predicted or evaluated. Research at the ecosystem level for solar UV-B is barely beginning. Other factors, including those involved in climate change such as increasing CO2, also interact with UV-B. Such reactions are not easily predicted, but are of obvious importance in both agriculture and in nonagricultural ecosystems
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| 3. |
- Caldwell, M M, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of increased solar ultraviolet radiation on terrestrial ecosystems
- 1998
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Ingår i: Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology, B: Biology. - 1011-1344. ; 46:1-3, s. 40-52
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Elevated solar UV-B radiation associated with stratospheric ozone reduction may exert effects on terrestrial ecosystems through actions on plants, microbes, and perhaps on some animals. At the ecosystem level, the effects are less well understood than at the molecular and organismal levels. Many of the most important, yet less predictable, consequences will be indirect effects of elevated UV-B acting through changes in the chemical composition and form of plants and through changes in the abiotic environment. These indirect effects include changes in the susceptibility of plants to attack by insects and pathogens in both agricultural and natural ecosystems; the direction of these changes can result in either a decrease or an increase in susceptibility. Other indirect effects of elevated UV-B include changes in competitive balance of plants and nutrient cycling. The direct UV-B action on plants that results in changes in form or function of plants appears to occur more often through altered gene activity rather than damage. The yield of some crop varieties can be decreased by elevated UV-B, but other varieties are not affected. Plant breeding and genetic engineering efforts should be able to cope with the potential threats to crop productivity due to elevated UV-B. For forest trees, this may be more difficult if effects of elevated UV-B accumulate over several years. All effects of elevated UV-B radiation must be considered in the context of other climate changes such as increased temperature and levels of carbon dioxide, which may alter the UV-B responses, especially for plants. The actions of elevated carbon dioxide and UV-B appear to be largely independent, but interactions occur between changes in UV-B and other factors. Other ecosystem-level consequences of elevated UV-B radiation are emerging and their magnitude and direction will not be easily predicted.
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| 10. |
- Herron, J.N., Durtschi, J.D., Wang, H-K, Janatova, V., Chang, I-N, Huang, S-C, Caldwell, K.D., and Christensen, D.A.
(författare)
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Orientation and Activity of Immobilized Antibodies
- 1998
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Ingår i: M. Malmsten, (ed.), Biopolymers at Interfaces. - : Dekker, NY. ; , s. 221-280
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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