| 1. |
- Calvo Barajas, Natalia, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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Hurry Up, We Need to Find the Key! How Regulatory Focus Design Affects Children's Trust in a Social Robot
- 2021
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Robotics and AI. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-9144. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In educational scenarios involving social robots, understanding the way robot behaviors affect children's motivation to achieve their learning goals is of vital importance. It is crucial for the formation of a trust relationship between the child and the robot so that the robot can effectively fulfill its role as a learning companion. In this study, we investigate the effect of a regulatory focus design scenario on the way children interact with a social robot. Regulatory focus theory is a type of self-regulation that involves specific strategies in pursuit of goals. It provides insights into how a person achieves a particular goal, either through a strategy focused on "promotion" that aims to achieve positive outcomes or through one focused on "prevention" that aims to avoid negative outcomes. In a user study, 69 children (7-9 years old) played a regulatory focus design goal-oriented collaborative game with the EMYS robot. We assessed children's perception of likability and competence and their trust in the robot, as well as their willingness to follow the robot's suggestions when pursuing a goal. Results showed that children perceived the prevention-focused robot as being more likable than the promotion-focused robot. We observed that a regulatory focus design did not directly affect trust. However, the perception of likability and competence was positively correlated with children's trust but negatively correlated with children's acceptance of the robot's suggestions.
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| 2. |
- Calvo Barajas, Natalia, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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The Effects of Motivational Strategies and Goal Attainment on Children’s Trust in a Virtual Social Robot : A Pilot Study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Interaction Design and Children. - New York, USA : ACM Digital Library. - 9781450384520 ; , s. 537-541
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding the way different robot’s strategies affect children’s perceptions of social robots is crucial for a trustworthy child-robot relationship. This paper presents a preliminary study on whether motivational strategies based on Regulatory Focus Theory and goal attainment affect children’s perception of a virtual social robot when solving a task. The ongoing pandemic (COVID-19) is altering the way we perform research. Hence, we designed a fully autonomous game with a virtual social robot. In an online user study, 25 children (8 to 17 years old) played a regulatory focus goal-oriented game with a virtual child-like version of the Furhat robot. We evaluated children’s perceptions of the robot’s social trust, competency trust, and likability. Also, we assessed the children’s affective state (valence and arousal) before and after playing the game. Our preliminary results show that in the prevention condition, fulfilling the goal elicited less happiness in children. Surprisingly, we observed a trend increase in the social and competency trust elicited by the virtual robot when children were prevented from fulfilling the goal of the task. We discuss the results and the effects of online setups on conducting user studies with children.
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| 3. |
- Elgarf, Maha, et al.
(författare)
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Reward seeking or loss aversion? : impact of regulatory focus theory on emotional induction in children and their behavior towards a
- 2021
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Ingår i: Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings. - New York, NY, USA : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). ; , s. 1-11
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- According to psychology research, emotional induction has positive implications in many domains such as therapy and education. Our aim in this paper was to manipulate the Regulatory Focus Theory to assess its impact on the induction of regulatory focus related emotions in children in a pretend play scenario with a social robot. The Regulatory Focus Theory suggests that people follow one of two paradigms while attempting to achieve a goal; by seeking gains (promotion focus - associated with feelings of happiness) or by avoiding losses (prevention focus - associated with feelings of fear).We conducted a study with 69 school children in two different conditions (promotion vs. prevention). We succeeded in inducing happiness emotions in the promotion condition and found a resulting positive effect of the induction on children's social engagement with the robot. We also discuss the important implications of these results in both educational and child robot interaction fields.
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| 4. |
- Stower, Rebecca, et al.
(författare)
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A Meta-analysis on Children’s Trust in Social Robots
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Social Robotics. - : Springer. - 1875-4791 .- 1875-4805. ; 13:8, s. 1979-2001
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although research on children’s trust in social robots is increasingly growing in popularity, a systematic understanding of the factors which influence children’s trust in robots is lacking. In addition, meta-analyses in child–robot-interaction (cHRI) have yet to be popularly adopted as a method for synthesising results. We therefore conducted a meta-analysis aimed at identifying factors influencing children’s trust in robots. We constructed four meta-analytic models based on 20 identified studies, drawn from an initial pool of 414 papers, as a means of investigating the effect of robot embodiment and behaviour on both social and competency trust. Children’s pro-social attitudes towards social robots were also explored. There was tentative evidence to suggest that more human-like attributes lead to less competency trust in robots. In addition, we found a trend towards the type of measure that was used (subjective or objective) influencing the direction of effects for social trust. The meta-analysis also revealed a tendency towards under-powered designs, as well as variation in the methods and measures used to define trust. Nonetheless, we demonstrate that it is still possible to perform rigorous analyses despite these challenges. We also provide concrete methodological recommendations for future research, such as simplifying experimental designs, conducting a priori power analyses and clearer statistical reporting.
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| 5. |
- Stower, Rebecca, et al.
(författare)
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Interdisciplinary Research Methods for Child-Robot Relationship Formation
- 2021
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Ingår i: HRI '21. - New York, NY, USA : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 9781450382908 ; , s. 700-702
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- As the field of child-robot interaction (CRI) research matures, and in light of the recent replication crisis in psychology, it is timely to tackle several important methodological challenges. Notably, studies on child-robot relationship formation face issues regarding the conceptualization and operationalization of this complex, comprehensive construct. In addressing these challenges, increased interdisciplinary collaboration is of vital importance. As such, this workshop aims to facilitate ongoing discussion between interdisciplinary experts on the topic of child-robot relationship formation to identify common issues and corresponding solutions (e.g., consistent definitions and rigorous measurement techniques). The workshop will begin with a keynote talk from Dr. Iolanda Leite, followed by discussion surrounding identified challenges. These discussions will be accompanied by intensive break-out groups moderated by senior researchers in the field (i.e., Mark Neerincx and Vanessa Evers). We hope this workshop will set the baseline for standardised methodologies that can later be expanded to other CRI constructs.
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