| 1. |
- Campillo, Javier, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
-
Battery technologies for transportation applications
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Technologies and Applications for Smart Charging of Electric and Plug-in Hybrid Vehicles. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783319436517 - 9783319436494 ; , s. 151-206
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- More than a fifth of the greenhouse emissions produced worldwide come from the transport sector. Several initiatives have been developed over the last few decades, aiming at improving vehicles’ energy conversion efficiency and improve mileage per liter of fuel. Most recently, electric vehicles have been brought back into the market as real competitors of conventional vehicles. Electric vehicle technology offers higher conversion efficiencies, reduced greenhouse emissions, low noise, etc. There are, however, several challenges to overcome, for instance: improving batteries’ energy density to increase the driving range, fast recharging, and initial cost. These issues are addressed on this chapter by looking in depth into both conventional and non-conventional storage technologies in different transportation applications.
|
|
| 2. |
- Campillo, Javier, et al.
(författare)
-
Beyond the building–understanding building renovations in relation to urban energy systems
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Journal of Settlements and Spatial Planning. - 2069-3419. ; 2016:Spec. Iss. 5, s. 31-39
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- About 35% of Europe’s building stock is over 50 years old and consumes about 175 kWh/m2 for heating, between 3-5 times the amount required by the newly constructed buildings. Annually, between1 and 1.5% new buildings are built and only between 0.2 and 0.5% are removed, therefore the focus needs to be put on the renovation of the existing building stock. The implementation of energy conservation measures (ECMs) in the residential sector becomes a very important strategy to meet the EU´s 20% energy consumption reduction of the 20-20-20 goals. The main challenge, however, is to determine which of the ECMs strategies are the best to provide not just with the best energy consumption reduction, but also with the best environmental impact and economic benefits. This paper addresses this issue and analyses the impact of different ECMs by focusing not only on the buildings themselves, but on the energy supply network and the overall energy system as a whole. To achieve this, we review five case studies in Sweden that use different ECMs as well as other alternatives, such as: distributed generation (DG) and energy storage. Results suggest that although there is no standard protocol that would fit all renovation projects, the existing methodologies fall short to provide the best overall impact on the energy system and that a broader analysis of the local conditions should be carried out before performing large building renovation projects.
|
|
| 3. |
- Campillo, Javier, 1982-
(författare)
-
From Passive to Active Electric Distribution Networks
- 2016
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Large penetration of distributed generation from variable renewable energy sources, increased consumption flexibility on the demand side and the electrification of transportation pose great challenges to existing and future electric distribution networks. This thesis studies the roles of several actors involved in electric distribution systems through electricity consumption data analysis and simulation models. Results show that real-time electricity pricing adoption in the residential sector offers economic benefits for end consumers. This occurs even without the adoption of demand-side management strategies, while real-time pricing also brings new opportunities for increasing consumption flexibility. This flexibility will play a critical role in the electrification of transportation, where scheduled charging will be required to allow large penetration of EVs without compromising the network's reliability and to minimize upgrades on the existing grid. All these issues add significant complexity to the existing infrastructure and conventional passive components are no longer sufficient to guarantee safe and reliable network operation. Active distribution networks are therefore required, and consequently robust and flexible modelling and simulation computational tools are needed for their optimal design and control. The modelling approach presented in this thesis offers a viable solution by using an equation-based object-oriented language that allows developing open source network component models that can be shared and used unambiguously across different simulation environments.
|
|
| 4. |
- Campillo, Javier, et al.
(författare)
-
Is real-time electricity pricing suitable for residential users without demand-side management?
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Energy Journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 0195-6574 .- 1944-9089. ; 109, s. 310-325
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The smart metering infrastructure in Sweden allows electricity providers to offer electricity RTP (real time pricing) to homeowners, together with other dynamic pricing contracts across the country. These contracts are supposed to encourage users to shift power consumption during peak hours to help balance the load in the power system. Of all the available contracts in Sweden, monthly-average price holds the largest share, in response to the low electricity prices during the last three years. It is not clear if RTP will become a popular dynamic pricing scheme since daily price fluctuations might keep customers away from this type of contract. Literature review suggests that RTP adoption is only beneficial when combined with the use of customer demand flexibility, but it does not provide enough information about users adopting RTP without changing their electricity usage profile. This paper studies the economic impact if customers would shift to RTP contracts without adopting demand-side management. To achieve this, electricity costs from a large group of households were calculated and compared between both pricing schemes using the hourly consumption data of a 7-year period. Results suggest that the RTP electricity contract offer a considerable economic savings potential even without enabling consumer demand-side management.
|
|
| 5. |
- Campillo, Javier, et al.
(författare)
-
Technology capacity assessment tool for developing city action plans to increase efficiency in mid-sized cities in Europe
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Energy Procedia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1876-6102. ; 88, s. 16-22
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Transition towards energy efficient cities requires an effective upgrade of all the different areas of urban energy production, distribution and use. The paper presents a method for collecting the information required for analysing the technical variation of strengths and weaknesses in infrastructure capabilities in European medium-sized cities, as well as to help identify best practices and tools for enhancing the energy performance of city energy systems.
|
|
| 6. |
- Dahlquist, Erik, et al.
(författare)
-
Energy efficiency improvements by renovation actions : in Lagersberg and Råbergstorp, Stoke on Trent and Allingsås
- 2016
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This report covers evaluation of some renovation projects and compares energy saving effects versus renovation costs.It can be seen that advanced renovation to passive house standard is significantly more expensive than “normal” renovation, but also gives significant improvement by a 62 % reduction of total energy and 85 % reduction in heat demand. The cost associated with the renovation is somewhere in the range of 130–570 €/m2, depending on how the total renovation costs are split between energy and other aspects. Probably somewhere in-between is most correct. This can be compared to mostly better heat control by measuring temperature in every third apartment and controlling heat supply to keep a constant temperature. This gives the possibility to have a significantly lower set point, 21 ºC instead of 24 ºC as earlier. Together with some other actions, 34 % energy savings were achieved at a cost of 28 €/m2. Also renovations with significantly more actions were evaluated, where the cost also is in-between.From this we can conclude that with more advanced and costly renovations we can achieve very strong reductions, which may be feasible if the renovation demand is high anyhow, while cheap and low cost actions can be good enough for quite good buildings.Also behavior with respect to energy use was evaluated. We here can see that the use is very different in different apartments depending on behavior. Energy information actions were giving positive effects on energy demand for the majority of investigated tenants, while approximately 25 % did not reduce or even increased their consumption.
|
|
| 7. |
- Kullman, M., et al.
(författare)
-
Note : The PLEEC project–planning for energy efficient cities
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Journal of Settlements and Spatial Planning. - 2069-3419. ; 2016:Special Issue: 5, s. 89-92
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Globally, more than 50% of all people are living in cities today. Enhancing sustainability and efficiency of urban energy systems is thus of high priority for global sustainable development. The European research project PLEEC (Planning for Energy Efficient Cities) focuses on technological, innovative, behavioural and structural capacities of European medium-sized cities in their transition towards Energy Smart Cities. The variation of strengths and weaknesses of cities’ capabilities as well as practices and tools for enhancing energy efficient performance of urban energy systems were at the centre of the project. This short note summarises its main findings.
|
|
| 8. |
- Lindhult, Erik, et al.
(författare)
-
Innovation capabilities and challenges for energy smart development in medium sized European cities
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Energy Procedia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1876-6102. ; :88, s. 205-211
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Transition towards becoming Energy smart city integrating different areas of energy production, distribution and use in a community requires a spectrum of capabilities. The paper reports on findings from the EU planning project PLEEC, involving six medium sized European cities. The purpose of the paper is to describe innovation capabilities and challenges in the complex, systemic innovation journey of cities in the transition to sustainability. A case of implementing an innovative project for electrical vehicles in Eskilstuna is presented illustrating both technological potentials and innovation challenges.
|
|
| 9. |
- Sun, Q., et al.
(författare)
-
A Comprehensive Review of Smart Energy Meters in Intelligent Energy Networks
- 2016
-
Ingår i: IEEE Internet of Things Journal. - 2327-4662. ; 3:4, s. 464-479
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The significant increase in energy consumption and the rapid development of renewable energy, such as solar power and wind power, have brought huge challenges to energy security and the environment, which, in the meantime, stimulate the development of energy networks toward a more intelligent direction. Smart meters are the most fundamental components in the intelligent energy networks (IENs). In addition to measuring energy flows, smart energy meters can exchange the information on energy consumption and the status of energy networks between utility companies and consumers. Furthermore, smart energy meters can also be used to monitor and control home appliances and other devices according to the individual consumer's instruction. This paper systematically reviews the development and deployment of smart energy meters, including smart electricity meters, smart heat meters, and smart gas meters. By examining various functions and applications of smart energy meters, as well as associated benefits and costs, this paper provides insights and guidelines regarding the future development of smart meters.
|
|
| 10. |
- Vassileva, Iana, et al.
(författare)
-
Consumers' Perspective on Full-Scale Adoption of Smart Meters : A Case Study in Vasteras, Sweden
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Resources. - : MDPI AG. - 2079-9276. ; 5:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Large-scale deployment of reliable smart electricity metering networks has been considered as the first step towards a smart, integrated and efficient grid. On the consumer's side, however, the real impact is still uncertain and limited. This paper evaluates the consumer's perspective in the city of Vasteras, Sweden, where full implementation of smart meters has been reached. New services, such as consumption feedback and the possibility to choose dynamic electricity pricing contracts, have been available from the adoption of this infrastructure. A web-based survey evaluating customers' perception of these new services was carried out. The survey included consumers' personal information, preferences about the type of information and the frequency of delivery and the preference for electricity pricing contracts. The results showed that the electricity consumption information offered by distribution system operators (DSOs) today is not detailed enough for customers to react accordingly. Additionally, while variable pricing contracts are becoming more popular, the available pricing schemes do not encourage customers to increase their consumption flexibility. Therefore, more detailed information from the smart meters should be made available, including disaggregated electricity consumption per appliance that would allow consumers to have more control over their energy consumption activities.
|
|
