| 1. |
- Antoni, V., et al.
(författare)
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Turbulence and anomalous transport in magnetized plasmas : Hints from the reversed field pinch configuration
- 2004
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Ingår i: Contributions to Plasma Physics. - : Wiley. - 0863-1042 .- 1521-3986. ; 44:06-maj, s. 458-464
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The properties of plasma turbulence in the outer region of the Reversed Field Pinch experiments RFX and EXTRAP-T2R are reviewed. The statistical properties of fluctuations in the range of scales relevant for transport are presented. The observation of coherent structures emerging from the background turbulence and their interpretation in terms of vortices is reported. The interplay between these structures and the mean ExB flow of the plasma is demonstrated with emphasis to the action on the preferential rotation direction. The effect on the particle transport induced by the background turbulence and by the structures is discussed. Finally the methods tested to control turbulence and to mitigate the related transport are illustrated and discussed.
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| 2. |
- Belz, Gabrielle T, et al.
(författare)
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The CD8alpha+ dendritic cell is responsible for inducing peripheral self-tolerance to tissue-associated antigens.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Experimental Medicine. - : The Rockefeller University Press. - 0022-1007 .- 1540-9538. ; 196:8, s. 1099-1104
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We previously described a mechanism for the maintenance of peripheral self-tolerance. This involves the cross-presentation of tissue-associated antigens by a bone marrow-derived cell type that stimulates the proliferation and ultimate deletion of self-reactive CD8 T cells. This process has been referred to as cross-tolerance. Here, we characterize the elusive cell type responsible for inducing cross-tolerance as a CD8alpha(+) dendritic cell (DC). To achieve this aim, transgenic mice were generated expressing yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) linked to CTL epitopes for ovalbumin and glycoprotein B (gB) of herpes simplex virus under the rat insulin promoter (RIP). Although tracking of YFP was inconclusive, the use of a highly sensitive gB-specific hybridoma that produced beta-galactosidase on encounter with antigen, enabled detection of antigen presentation by cells isolated from the pancreatic lymph node. This showed that a CD11c(+)CD8alpha(+) cell was responsible for cross-tolerance, the same DC subset as previously implicated in cross-priming. These data indicate that CD8alpha(+) DCs play a critical role in both tolerance and immunity to cell-associated antigens, providing a potential mechanism by which cytotoxic T lymphocyte can be immunized to viral antigens while maintaining tolerance to self.
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| 3. |
- Carbone, V, et al.
(författare)
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To what extent can dynamical models describe statistical features of turbulent flows?
- 2002
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Ingår i: Europhysics letters. - : IOP Publishing. - 0295-5075 .- 1286-4854. ; 58:3, s. 349-355
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Statistical features of "bursty" behaviour in charged and neutral fluid turbulence are compared to statistics of intermittent events in a GOY shell model, and avalanches in different models of Self-Organized Criticality (SOC). It is found that inter-burst times show a power law distribution for turbulent samples and for the shell model, a property which is shared only in a particular case of the running sandpile model. The breakdown of self-similarity generated by isolated events observed in the turbulent samples is well reproduced by the shell model, while it is absent in all SOC models considered. On this base, we conclude that SOC models are not adequate to mimic fluid turbulence, while the GOY shell model constitutes a better candidate to describe the gross features of turbulence.
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| 6. |
- Sorriso-Valvo, Luca, et al.
(författare)
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Intermittency in plasma turbulence
- 2001
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Ingår i: Planetary and Space Science. - 0032-0633 .- 1873-5088. ; 49:12, s. 1193-1200
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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