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On Dioxin Formation...
On Dioxin Formation in Iron Ore Sintering
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Cieplik, Mariusz K (author)
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Carbonell, Jose Pastor (author)
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Muñoz, Christina (author)
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Baker, Sarah (author)
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Krüger, Sophie (author)
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- Liljelind, Per (author)
- Umeå universitet,Kemiska institutionen
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- Marklund, Stellan (author)
- Umeå universitet,Kemiska institutionen
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Louw, Robert (author)
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(creator_code:org_t)
- 2003-06-27
- 2003
- English.
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In: Environmental Science & Technology. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0013-936X .- 1520-5851. ; 37:15, s. 3323-31
- Related links:
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https://urn.kb.se/re...
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https://doi.org/10.1...
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Abstract
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- Iron ore sintering is an important source of "dioxins", polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs). This paper reports on attempts to identify materials, conditions, and mechanisms responsible for PCDD/F formation (i) by investigating salient properties of ores (viz., with respect to oxidation, condensation, and chlorination of model organics) and (ii) by mimicking the industrial process on a microscale with real-life materials. Principles of Design of Experiments (DOE) are employed. The reactivities of iron ores differ greatly. Limonite/goethite "soft" ore is a very active oxidation catalyst (e.g., for benzene and phenol), a property that may be useful in cleaning up crude sintering process offgases, whereas hematite/magnetite "hard" ore is not. The latter, however strongly promotes condensation of phenol to dibenzofuran. A newly built lab-microscale sintering facility could satisfactorily imitate the large-scale process, in part or as a whole. Results obtained with realistic feed mixtures point at dioxin formation in the sinter bed at levels significant enough to explain a major part of the outputs observed in the real-life process. With ~8 ppm (wt) of chloride added as NaCl, the PCDD/F output doubled, but with the same proportion of chlorine administered as C2Cl4, the dioxin output was over 2 orders of magnitude larger. The use of process reverts, etc. containing chlorinated organics should therefore be avoided. PCDD/F congener patterns are also reported and compared with those observed in practice.
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- ref (subject category)
- art (subject category)
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