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- Cardoso Chrispim, Mariana, Postdoktor, 1990-
(författare)
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Evaluation of decentralized approaches to wastewater treatment systems as alternative to environmental impacts and indication of sustainable solution for water conservation in cities
- 2017. - 1
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Regional Workshop Wastewater Treatment and Reuse for Metropolitan Regions and Small Cities in Developing Countries. - Göttingen : Cuvillier Verlag. - 9783736994546 ; , s. 28-37
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Millennium Development Goals aim to achieve the sustainable development and to contribute improving access to water supply, sanitation, and energy, and to reduce hunger in the world. Energy and water are essential resources for food production, however, are becoming scarce. In this context an integration of the complete water management cycle includes water conservation and reclamation, storage of reclaimed water and rainwater, and wastewater treatment mainly in decentralized models. Wastewater treatment systems can generate products such as: renewable energy, fertilizers and water. This study focuses on the relations between wastewater treatment systems and its environmental impacts, besides to indicate potential solutions. In addition, it is also presented results from an experimental greywater treatment system operated at the university. The objective of this study was to address some Brazilian experiences of centralized wastewater treatment plant (large scale) and decentralized wastewater treatment plant (small scale). We expect that the results of this study can offer a review of strategies of wastewater treatment to implement in urban areas in Brazil, and to create subsidies for the planning of new wastewater treatment plants with low environmental impacts, including sustainable solutions (e.g., water reuse).
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| 2. |
- Cardoso Chrispim, Mariana, Postdoktor, 1990-, et al.
(författare)
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Greywater treatment using a moving bed biofilm reactor at a university campus in Brazil
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 142:Part 1, s. 290-296
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Water reuse can contribute as an important approach and practice to the reduction of the pressures on water resources lowering the demand for potable water for purposes that do not require water's high quality. However the greywater reuse has been rarely applied in Brazil. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to evaluate a greywater collection and treatment system from lavatories, showers and washing machine aiming the non-potable reuse. The objectives were to characterize the quality and quantity of greywater from different sources, to monitor a pilot system for synthetic greywater treatment and to analyze the quality of the effluent after treatment. The pilot system implemented in a building at University of Sao Paulo allowed to segregate greywater collection and characterization. To evaluate the greywater production water flow meters were installed in the water inlet of each greywater source. The treatment system included a moving bed biofilm reactor and a settling tank at pilot scale. The evaluation of greywater treatment was conducted based on the monitoring of physicochemical and microbiological water quality parameters during the operation of the experimental system. Based on the results, amongst the three greywater sources, the water from showers had the highest E. coli concentration while the lavatories water had the highest total coliforms concentration. The removal efficiencies of BOD and COD were 59% e 70% respectively. The phosphorus removal during the experimental period was low. Nevertheless the water quality produced is viable to be applied for outdoor purposes - landscape and garden irrigation in household, commercial and institutional buildings and the results were satisfactory according to Brazilian standard. The treatment showed stability and reliability ensuring the potential for a safe reuse if appropriate operation and monitoring of the treatment system is performed.
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| 3. |
- Cardoso Chrispim, Mariana, Postdoktor, 1990-, et al.
(författare)
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The sanitation and urban agriculture nexus : urine collection and application as fertilizer in São Paulo, Brazil
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development. - London : IWA Publishing. - 2043-9083 .- 2408-9362. ; 7:3, s. 455-465
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Separately collected urine is an attractive potential fertilizer because of its high nutrient content, low cost, and inherent linkage of urban wastewater management and peri-urban agriculture. Urine from waterless urinals was applied to corn and lettuce plants to examine the impact of urine application rates and frequency on plant growth and soil parameters. In both corn and lettuce experiments, urine application significantly (p < 0.05) increased growth and leaf production relative to control plants. More frequent applications led to lower soil cation exchange capacities for corn and higher soil nitrogen content for both crops. Based on preliminary implementation calculations, waterless urinals at the University of São Paulo (USP), School of Arts, Sciences, and Humanities campus could lead to over 1,500 m3 of water saved and 360 m3 of urine produced on an annual basis. These experiments and modeling results are discussed in the context of scaling up urban urine collection, transport, and fertilization in São Paulo, Brazil.
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