| 1. |
- Ericsson, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of particulate emissions and methodology for oxidation of particulates from non-diesel combustion systems
- 2008
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Ingår i: SAE Technical Paper. - 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States : SAE International. - 0148-7191.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tailpipe particulate emissions, i.e., particle number, size distribution and total mass, from a series of four-cylinder engines with 2L displacement and power output of approximately 150 hp have been measured. The engines were in their respective vehicle installation, all midsize vehicles from various manufacturers, and represented different combustion concepts, i.e., port- and direct-injected vehicles and E5 and E85 fuels. The results are compared to post-Euro V emission standards for gasoline and biofuels using diesel as reference. The results show that the type of combustion and fuel significantly affect the particulate formation. In general, direct-injected engines show high particle numbers and mass compared to port-injected engines. The particulate number and total mass can be reduced by using biofuels, e.g., ethanol mixes, instead of gasoline. Moreover, an experimental procedure and setup facilitating precise studies of oxidation of particulates in realistic filter structures by well-controlled gas flow (composition and temperature) and sample (particulate load and temperature) conditions has been developed. The results from this method have been verified by using commercial soot as reference.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Lindehammer, Sabina, et al.
(författare)
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Temporal trends of HLA genotype frequencies of type 1 diabetes patients in Sweden from 1986 to 2005 suggest altered risk
- 2008
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Ingår i: Acta Diabetologica. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0940-5429 .- 1432-5233. ; 45:4, s. 231-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to compare the frequency of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotypes in 1-18-year-old patients with type 1 diabetes newly diagnosed in 1986-1987 (n = 430), 1996-2000 (n = 342) and in 2003-2005 (n = 171). We tested the hypothesis that the HLA DQ genotype distribution changes over time. Swedish type 1 diabetes patients and controls were typed for HLA using polymerase chain reaction amplification and allele specific probes for DQ A1* and B1* alleles. The most common type 1 diabetes HLA DQA1*-B1*genotype 0501-0201/0301-0302 was 36% (153/430) in 1986-1987 and 37% (127/342) in 1996-2000, but decreased to 19% (33/171) in 2003-2005 (P \ 0.0001). The 0501-0201/0501-0201 genotype increased from 1% in 1986-1987 to 7% in 1996-2000 (P = 0.0047) and to 5% in 2003-2005 (P > 0.05). This study in 1-18-year-old Swedish type 1 diabetes patients supports the notion that there is a temporal change in HLA risk.
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| 4. |
- Andersson, J., et al.
(författare)
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Worse survival for TP53 (p53)-mutated breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant CMF
- 2005
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Ingår i: Ann Oncol. - : Elsevier BV. - 0923-7534 .- 1569-8041. ; 16:5, s. 743-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: TP53 has been described as a prognostic factor in many malignancies, including breast cancer. Whether it also might be a predictive factor with reference to chemo- and endocrine therapy is more controversial. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We investigated relapse-free (RFS), breast cancer-corrected (BCCS) and overall survival (OS) related to TP53 status in node-positive breast cancer patients that had received polychemotherapy [cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil (CMF)] and/or endocrine therapy (tamoxifen). Sequence analyses of the whole TP53 coding region was performed in 376 patients operated on for primary breast cancer with axillary lymph node metastases between 1984 and 1989 (median follow-up time 84 months). RESULTS: TP53 mutations were found in 105 patients (28%). We found 90 (82%) of the 110 mutations in the more frequently analysed exons 5-8, while the other 20 (18%) were located in exons 3-4 and 9-10, respectively. Univariate analyses showed TP53 to be a significant prognostic factor with regard to RFS, BCCS and OS in patients who received adjuvant CMF. CONCLUSIONS: TP53 mutations might induce resistance to certain modalities of breast cancer therapy. Sequence-determined TP53 mutation was of negative prognostic value in the total patient population and in the CMF treated patients.
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| 5. |
- Baca, Dejan, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluating the Cost Reduction of Static Code Analysis for Software Security
- 2008
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Automated static code analysis is an efficient technique to increase the quality of software during early development. This paper presents a case study in which mature software with known vul-nerabilities is subjected to a static analysis tool. The value of the tool is estimated based on reported failures from customers. An average of 17% cost savings would have been possible if the static analysis tool was used. The tool also had a 30% success rate in detecting known vulnerabilities and at the same time found 59 new vulnerabilities in the three examined products.
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| 6. |
- Baca, Dejan, et al.
(författare)
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Static Code Analysis to Detect Software Security Vulnerabilities : Does Experience Matter?
- 2009
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Code reviews with static analysis tools are today recommended by several security development processes. Developers are expected to use the tools' output to detect the security threats they themselves have introduced in the source code. This approach assumes that all developers can correctly identify a warning from a static analysis tool (SAT) as a security threat that needs to be corrected. We have conducted an industry experiment with a state of the art static analysis tool and real vulnerabilities. We have found that average developers do not correctly identify the security warnings and only developers with specific experiences are better than chance in detecting the security vulnerabilities. Specific SAT experience more than doubled the number of correct answers and a combination of security experience and SAT experience almost tripled the number of correct security answers.
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| 7. |
- Barbosa, Edna J L, 1961, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of the Exon 3-deleted/full-length Growth Hormone Receptor Polymorphism on the Response to Growth Hormone Replacement Therapy in Adults with Severe Growth Hormone Deficiency. : d3-GHR isoform in GHD adults
- 2009
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Ingår i: The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 94:2, s. 639-644
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context: There is considerable individual variation in the clinical response to growth hormone (GH) replacement therapy in GH deficient (GHD) adults. Useful predictors of treatment response are lacking. Objective: To assess the influence of the exon 3-deleted (d3-GHR) and full-length (fl-GHR) GH receptor isoforms on the response to GH replacement therapy in adults with severe GHD. Design, Patients: 124 adult GHD patients (79 men, median age 50 years) were studied before and after 12 months of GH therapy. GHD patients were divided into those bearing fl/fl alleles (Group 1) and those bearing at least one d3-GHR allele (Group 2), and the genotype was related to the effects of GH therapy on IGF-I levels and total body fat (BF). Intervention: GH dose was individually titrated to obtain normal serum IGF-I levels. Main Outcome Measures: GHR genotype was determined by PCR amplification, IGF-I levels by immunoassay, and BF by a four-compartment model. Results: Seventy-two (58%) patients had fl/fl genotype and were classified as Group 1, while 52 (42%) had at least one d3-GHR allele and were classified as Group 2 (40 were heterozygous and 12 were homozygous). At baseline, there were no significant differences in the study groups. Changes in IGF-I and BF after 12 months of GH treatment did not differ significantly between the two genotype groups. Conclusion: The presence of d3-GHR allele did not influence the response to GH replacement therapy in our cohort of adults with severe GHD.
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| 8. |
- Benson, Mikael, 1954, et al.
(författare)
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A network-based analysis of allergen-challenged CD4+T cells from patients with allergic rhinitis
- 2006
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Ingår i: Genes and Immunity. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1466-4879 .- 1476-5470. ; 7:6, s. 514-521
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We performed a network-based analysis of DNA microarray data from allergen-challenged CD4 + T cells from patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. Differentially expressed genes were organized into a functionally annotated network using the Ingenuity Knowledge Database, which is based on manual review of more than 200000 publications. The main function of this network is the regulation of lymphocyte apoptosis, a role associated with several genes of the tuber necrosis factor superfamily. The expression of TNFRSF4, one of the genes in this family, was found to be 48 times higher in allergen-challenged cells than in diluent-challenged cells. TNFRSF4 is known to inhibit apoptosis and to enhance Th2 proliferation. Examination of a different material of allergen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells showed a higher number of interleukin-4 + type 2 CD4 + T (Th2) cells in patients than in controls (P
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| 9. |
- Blixt, Åsa, 1960, et al.
(författare)
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Foxe3 is required for morphogenesis and differentiation of the anterior segment of the eye and is sensitive to Pax6 gene dosage.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Developmental biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0012-1606. ; 302:1, s. 218-29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The dysgenetic lens (dyl) mouse mutant has mutations in Foxe3, which inactivate DNA binding by the encoded forkhead transcription factor. Here we confirm, by targeted inactivation, that Foxe3 mutations are responsible for the dyl phenotype, which include loss of lens epithelium; a small, cataractic lens; and failure of the lens to detach from the surface ectoderm. In contrast to a recent report of targeted Foxe3, we found no phenotypic difference between dyl and Foxe3(-/-) mutants when congenic strains were compared, and thus nothing that argues against Foxe3(dyl) being a null allele. In addition to the lens, most tissues of the anterior segment-iris, cornea, ciliary body and trabecular meshwork-are malformed or show differentiation defects. Many of these abnormalities, such as irido-corneal and irido-lenticular adherences, are present in a less severe form in mice heterozygous for the Foxe3 mutation, in spite of these having an intact lens epithelium. Early Foxe3 expression is highly sensitive to a halved Pax6 gene dosage and there is a striking phenotypic similarity between Pax6 and Foxe3 mutants. We therefore propose that many of the ocular malformations associated with Pax6 haploinsufficiency are consequences of a reduced expression of Foxe3.
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| 10. |
- Boldt, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Analysing Countermeasures Against Privacy-Invasive Software
- 2006
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- User privacy is widely affected by the occurrence of privacy-invasive software (PIS) on the Internet. Various forms of countermeasures try to mitigate the negative effects caused by PIS. We use a computer forensic tool to evaluate an anti-spyware tool, with respect to found PIS over a four years period. Within the anti-spyware tool PIS was slowly identified, caused classification problems, and formely classified PIS were sometimes excluded. Background information on both PIS and countermeasure techniques are also presented, followed by discussions on legal disputes between developers of PIS and vendors of countermeasures. © 2006 IEEE.
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