| 1. |
- Abou-Ali, Hala, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluating the welfare effects of improved water qualityusing the choice experiment method
- 2004
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper analyzes the welfare effects of improved health status through increased water quality using a choice experiment. The survey was administered to a random sample of households in metropolitan Cairo, Egypt. We apply a random parameter logit model in the analysis and illustrate the richness of information that can be obtained from this type of model by estimating individual level willingness to pay (WTP). We find a significant WTP for improved health status, both for short-run and long-run health effects. However, the estimated WTP is fairly low compared with the costs of a program that would achieve these improvements.
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| 2. |
- Alpizar, Francisco, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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How Much Do We Care About Absolute Versus Relative Income and Consumption?
- 2001
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We find, using survey-experimental methods, that most individuals are concerned with both relative income and relative consumption of particular goods. The degree of concern varies in the expected direction depending on the properties of the good. However, contrary to what has been suggested in the previous literature, we find that relative consumption is also important for vacation and insurance, which are typically seen as non-positional goods. Further, absolute consumption is also found to be important for cars and housing, which are widely regarded as highly positional. Implications for Pareto-efficient taxation are illustrated using the results from the experiment.
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| 3. |
- Alpizar, Francisco, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Policy Implications and Analysis of the Determinants of Travel Mode Choice: An Application of Choice Experiments to Metropolitan Costa Rica
- 2001
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this paper we study a group of policies aimed at discouraging the use of private transportation during peak hours, both directly and indirectly, by increasing the attractiveness of the only available substitute, the bus. This is done using a choice experiment constructed to find the answer to the following basic question: Given fixed house-to-work structures and no working hour flexibility, by how much is the choice of travel mode for commuters to work sensitive to changes in travel time, changes in costs for each mode and other service attributes? This information is then used to identify the most suitable combination of policies dealing with air pollution and congestion in the typical developing country context of metropolitan Costa Rica. We also provide estimates of the value of travel time as a measure of the potential benefits gained from reduced congestion.
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| 4. |
- Alpizar, Francisco, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Using Choice Experiments for Non-Market Valuation
- 2003
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Ingår i: Economic Issues. ; 8, s. 83-110
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper provides the latest research developments in the method of choice experiments applied to valuation of non-market goods. Choice experiments, along with the, by now, well-known contingent valuation method, are very important tools for valuing non-market goods and the results are used in both cost-benefit analyses and litigations related to damage assessments. The paper should provide the reader with both the means to carry out a choice experiment and to conduct a detailed critical analysis of its performance in order to give informed advice about the results. A discussion of the underlying economic model of choice experiments is incorporated, as well as a presentation of econometric models consistent with economic theory. Furthermore, a detailed discussion on the development of a choice experiment is provided, which in particular focuses on the design of the experiment and tests of validity. Finally, a discussion on different ways to calculate welfare effects is presented.
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| 5. |
- Alpizar, Francisco, 1974, et al.
(författare)
-
Using Choice Experiments for Non-Market Valuation
- 2001
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper provides the latest research developments in the method of choice experiments applied to valuation of non-market goods. Choice experiments, along with the, by now, well-known contingent valuation method, are very important tools for valuing non-market goods and the results are used in both cost-benefit analyses and litigations related to damage assessments. The paper should provide the reader with both the means to carry out a choice experiment and to conduct a detailed critical analysis of its performance in order to give informed advice about the results. A discussion of the underlying economic model of choice experiments is incorporated, as well as a presentation of econometric models consistent with economic theory. Furthermore, a detailed discussion on the development of a choice experiment is provided, which in particular focuses on the design of the experiment and tests of validity. Finally, a discussion on different ways to calculate welfare effects is presented.
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| 6. |
- Carlsson, Fredrik, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Airline choice, switching costs and frequent flyerprograms
- 2004
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Switching costs are costs that customers face when switching from one firm to another. In markets such as the airline market where repeated purchases are common, switching costs may be substantial. In this paper we estimate the switching costs for domestic airline routes in Sweden between 1992 and 2002. In addition we also test for the determinants of switching costs. In particular we test to what extent factors such as frequent flyer programs and flag carriers have an effect on switching costs. The paper ends with a brief discussion on the welfare consequences of switching cots, where the connection between habit formation and switching costs is discussed.
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| 7. |
- Carlsson, Fredrik, 1968
(författare)
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Airport Marginal Cost Pricing: Discussion and an Application to Swedish Airports
- 2002
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We derive an optimal airport-pricing model, both with and without a constraint on the revenues, that includes all relevant external marginal costs,. Given the results of the model we discuss the implications on the profit of airports, and find that given that the proceeds of the environmental charges are seen as revenue for the airport, it is not obvious that a marginal cost-pricing scheme would result in financial deficits for the airports, this despite the reasonable assumption of increasing returns to scale in airport capacity. Using relatively crude estimates of the marginal costs, we compare the current pricing scheme with a marginal cost pricing scheme. We find that the effect on revenues of moving towards a marginal cost pricing scheme may not be so dramatic; especially not if the marginal external costs include estimated marginal costs of CO2 emissions.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Carlsson, Fredrik, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Are people inequality averse or just risk averse?
- 2001
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Individuals' preferences for risk and inequality are measured through experimental choices between hypothetical societies and lotteries. The median relative risk aversion, which is often seen to reflect social inequality aversion, is between 2 and 3. We also estimate the individual inequality aversion, reflecting individuals' willingness to pay for living in a more equal society.Left-wing voters and women are both more risk- and inequality averse than others. The model allows for non-monotonic SWFs, implying that welfare may decrease with an individual's income at high income levels. This is illustrated in simulations based on the empirical results.
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| 10. |
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