| 1. |
- Alem, Yonas, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Distributional preferences in adolescent peer networks
- 2023
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Ingår i: Experimental Economics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1386-4157 .- 1573-6938. ; 26, s. 223-248
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study distributional preferences in adolescent peer networks. Using incentivized choices between allocations for themselves and a passive agent, children are classified into efficiency-loving, inequality-loving, inequality-averse, and spiteful types. We find that pairs of students who report a friendship link are more likely to exhibit the same preference type than other students who attend the same school. The relation between types is almost completely driven by inequality-loving and spiteful types. The role of peer networks in explaining distributional preferences goes beyond network composition effects. A low rank in academic performance and a central position within the network relate positively to a higher likelihood of being classified as spiteful. Hence, social hierarchies seem to be correlated with distributional preference types.
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| 2. |
- Alpizar, F., et al.
(författare)
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A framework for selecting and designing policies to reduce marine plastic pollution in developing countries
- 2020
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Ingår i: Environmental Science and Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 1462-9011 .- 1873-6416. ; 109:July 2020, s. 25-35
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2020 The Authors The polluting of marine ecosystems with plastics is both a global and a local problem with potentially severe consequences for wildlife, economic activity, and human health. It is a problem that originates in countries’ inability to adequately manage the growing flow of waste. We use an impact pathway framework to trace the flow of plastics through the socio-ecological system and identify the role of specific policy instruments in achieving behavioral changes to reduce marine plastic waste. We produce a toolbox for finding a policy that is suitable for different countries. We use the impact pathway and toolbox to make country-specific recommendations that reflect the reality in each of the selected countries.
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| 3. |
- Alpizar, Francisco, et al.
(författare)
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On the perils of environmentally friendly alternatives
- 2024
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT. - 0095-0696 .- 1096-0449. ; 125
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Environmentally friendly alternatives (EFA) are touted as a key component of a transition towards lowering the impact of human activity on the environment. Still, the environmental costs of these technologies are seldom null; they are simply less environmentally damaging than existing options. In this paper, we investigate consumer behavior when an EFA is introduced. Using a carefully constructed field experimental design, we look at plastic bags vis-a-vis biodegradable (bio) bags, when the latter are offered for free versus at a price. Moreover, we explore offering costly biodegradable bags as part of the default choice. We find that giving away the bio bags for free results in a large behavioral rebound effect, resulting in a substantial increase in the total number of bags. Setting a small, rather symbolic price offsets this rebound effect completely. Interestingly, when the bio bag is offered as a default, the behavioral rebound remains. Our results lead us to conclude against providing these EFA for free and to caution against the use of subsidies to promote their uptake.
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Ola, et al.
(författare)
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The impact of stay-at-home policies on individual welfare
- 2022
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Economics. - : Wiley. - 0347-0520 .- 1467-9442. ; 124:2, s. 340-362
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we perform a choice experiment assessing the impact of stay-at-home policies on individual welfare. We estimate the willingness to accept compensation (WTA) for restricting non-working hours in Sweden during the COVID-19 pandemic. The WTA for a one-month stay-at-home policy is about US$480 per person, or 9.1 percent of Sweden's monthly per capita GDP. Stricter lockdowns require disproportionately higher compensation than more lenient ones, indicating that strict policies are cost-effective only if they are much more successful in slowing the spread of the disease. Moreover, older people have a higher WTA of staying home than the rest of the population.
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| 5. |
- Andersson, Ola, et al.
(författare)
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THE INDIVIDUAL WELFARE COSTS OF STAY-AT-HOME POLICIES
- 2020
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper reports the results of a choice experiment designed to estimate the private welfare costs of stay-at-home policies during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study is conducted on a large and representative sample of the Swedish population. The results suggest that the welfare cost of a one-month stay-at-home policy, restricting non-working hours away from home, amounts to 9.1 percent of qSweden's monthly GDP. The cost can be interpreted as 29,600 quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), which roughly corresponds to between 3,700 and 8,000 COVID-19 fatalities. Moreover, we find that stricter and longer lockdowns are disproportionately more costly than more lenient ones. This result indicates that strict stay-at-home policies are likely to be cost-effective only if they slow the spread of the disease much more than more lenient ones.
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| 6. |
- Carlsson, Fredrik, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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All it takes is one: The effect of weakest-link and summation aggregation on public good provision under threshold uncertainty
- 2021
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We report experimental evidence on the voluntary provision of public goods under threshold uncertainty. By explicitly comparing two prominent technologies, summation and weakest link, we show that uncertainty is particularly detrimental to threshold attainment under weakest link, where low contributions by one subject cannot be compensated by others. In contrast, threshold uncertainty does not affect contributions under summation. We demonstrate non-binding pledges as one mechanism to improve chances of threshold attainment under both technologies, yet in particular under weakest link.
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| 7. |
- Carlsson, Fredrik, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Antibiotic prescription: Knowledge among physicians and nurses in western Sweden
- 2023
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Ingår i: Health Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-8510. ; 130
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Misuse and overuse of antibiotics are common in primary care. Guidelines for prescribing of antibiotics are often not followed We conducted a survey of 120 health centers in western Sweden to investigate to what extent physicians and nurses think they know and comply with the guidelines for prescribing of antibiotics. A large majority of the respondents answered that they know the guidelines well. However, many also believed that physicians/nurses in general know less about and are worse at following the guidelines than themselves, indi-cating optimism bias. According to the respondents the main reason for non-compliance with guidelines was patient expectations. The survey also showed that both physicians' and nurses' actual knowledge of when it is effective to prescribe antibiotics is incomplete. Interventions to reduce unnecessary antibiotic therapy in primary care should target the failing congruence between the perceived knowledge of guidelines for antibiotic therapy and actual knowledge.
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| 8. |
- Carlsson, Fredrik, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Are only-children different? Evidence from a lab-in-the-field experiment of the Chinese one-child policy
- 2022
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Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 17:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we present evidence from a lab-in-the-field experiment of the effects of the Chinese one-child policy on adults in China who were born just before and after the introduction of the policy. We measure risk, uncertainty, and time preferences, as well as subjects' preferences in the social domain, i.e., concerning competitiveness, cooperation, and bargaining. We sampled people from three Chinese provinces born both before and after the introduction of the policy in 1979. We utilize the fact that the one-child policy was introduced at different times and with different degrees of strictness in different provinces. Overall, we find a statistically significant effect only on risk and uncertainty aversion and not on any other preferences in the experiments: Those born after the introduction of the one-child policy are less risk and uncertainty averse. These results hold for various robustness checks and heterogeneity tests. Hence, our results do not confirm the general wisdom and stereotype of only-children in China being "little emperors."Copyright:
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| 9. |
- Carlsson, Fredrik, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Behavioral spillover effects from a social information campaign
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Economics and Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0095-0696. ; 109
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate whether a social information campaign aimed at reducing water use causes a spillover effect on the use of electricity. On average, water use decreased by 6 percent for the treatment group. We identify a positive spillover effect on electricity use among households that had efficient use of water before the campaign. The effect is sizeable: almost a 9 percent reduction. We argue that these results are consistent with a model of cognitive dissonance where the efficient households infer information about electricity use from the water use information. © 2020 Elsevier Inc.
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| 10. |
- Carlsson, Fredrik, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Cost of power outages for manufacturing firms in Ethiopia: A stated preference study
- 2020
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Ingår i: Energy Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0140-9883. ; 88
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2020 Elsevier B.V. A reliable supply of electricity is essential for an operation of a firm. Nevertheless, in most developing countries electricity supply is highly unreliable. In this study, we estimate the cost of power outages for micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, using a stated preference survey. We find that the willingness to pay, and thus the cost of power outages, is substantial. The estimated willingness to pay for a reduction of one power outage corresponds to a tariff increase of 16 %. The willingness to pay for reducing the average length of a power outage by 1 h corresponds to a 33% increase. The compensating variation for a zero-outage situation corresponds to about three times the current electricity cost. There is, however, considerable heterogeneity in costs across sectors, firm sizes, and levels of electricity consumption. Policy makers could consider this observed heterogeneity when it comes to aspects such as where to invest to improve reliability, and introduce differentiated electricity contracts.
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