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- Ivarsson, Sten-A., et al.
(författare)
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Glutamate decarboxylase antibodies in non-diabetic pregnancy precedes insulin-dependent diabetes in the mother but not necessarily in the offspring
- 1997
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Ingår i: Autoimmunity. - 0891-6934. ; 26:4, s. 261-269
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We studied the risk for diabetes of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD65Ab) and islet cell (ICA) autoantibodies in non-diabetic pregnant mothers and their children. Pregnancy and cord blood sera were collected in 1970-87 from about 35,000 mothers who delivered a child in the city of Malmo, Sweden. A total of 42 mothers were identified in 1988 who, 1-18 years after their pregnancies, had developed either insulin-dependent (n = 22) or non-insulin dependent (n = 20) diabetes mellitus. First, in 123 pregnant mothers selected as controls, 0.8% had GAD65Ab and 0.8% ICA. Second, among the mothers with non-insulin dependent diabetes, 7/20 (35%) had GAD65Ab eight months to 13 years, 10 months before clinical diagnosis. Third, in mothers who later developed insulin-dependent diabetes, 12/22 (55%) had GAD65Ab and 10/22 (45%) had ICA in pregnancies preceding the clinical diagnosis by 13 months to 9 years, 4 months. In 1996, none of the children born to the 42 mothers have developed diabetes. GAD65Ab and ICA in non-diabetic pregnancies may predict insulin-dependent diabetes in the mother but not necessarily in the offspring.
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| 4. |
- Carlsson, J, et al.
(författare)
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Time-resolved Studies of Light-propagation In Paper
- 1995
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Ingår i: Applied Optics. - 2155-3165. ; 34:9, s. 1528-1535
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A method for time-resolved recording of light scattering in thin, highly scattering media is described. Subpicosecond pulses from a high-power Ti:sapphire laser are used, and single-shot recordings of the scattered light are made with a fast streak camera. The method is applied to the study of light scattering in paper, and a 1-ps resolution is demonstrated. The dependence of the light scattering on the basis of weight and density of the paper has been studied. A white-light continuum generated from the high-power pulses by the use of self phase modulation in water is used to study the wavelength dependence of the scattering process. A model for the propagation of light in paper has been developed and used in Monte Carlo simulations. The experimental results are used for testing this model, and absorption and scattering parameters are determined from that comparison.
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| 5. |
- Carlsson, L G, et al.
(författare)
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Efficacy of cumulative doses of salbutamol administered via Turbuhaler or Diskhaler in patients with reversible airway obstruction
- 1998
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Ingår i: Allergy. - : Wiley. - 1398-9995 .- 0105-4538. ; 53:7, s. 712-715
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study aimed to estimate the relative dose potency of salbutamol inhaled via Turbuhaler and Diskhaler. The 24 adult patients participating had chronic reversible airway obstruction. The study was of a double-blind, double-dummy, crossover, randomized design. Five doses of salbutamol Turbuhaler, 50, 50, 100, 200, and 400 microg, were given on one study day at intervals of 30 min. On another study day, five doses of salbutamol Diskhaler, 200, 200, 400, 800, and 1600 microg, were given with the same interval. The treatment days were separated by a washout period of at least 24 h. The inhalation technique was standardized and supervised. Efficacy variables were recorded before and after each study dose. The primary efficacy variable was forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1). When parallel and linear cumulative dose-response curves were statistically compared on a logarithmic scale, the dose potency of salbutamol Turbuhaler vs salbutamol Diskhaler was 1.99 (95% confidence interval 1.52-2.54). This study indicates that only half the dose of salbutamol is required via Turbuhaler as via Diskhaler for the same bronchodilating effect.
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| 7. |
- Carlsson, Lars-Göran
(författare)
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Perspektiv på barnuppfostran : En studie av föräldraskap i kristen miljö : [a study of parenting in a Christian context]
- 1997
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The dissertation deals with the raising of children within the framework of the family andfrom the perspective of the parents. The study treats the parents' intentions and understanding of themselves as parents and their thoughts regarding parenting. An investigation wascarried out among parents from Christian contexts characterized as nonconformist and low-church. The purpose was to describe these parents' perspectives, strategies, and practical common sense in childrearing and to understand these aspects in the light of the socio-cultural context and the religious commitment.A questionnaire survey was carried out in a larger group (n=114) and semi-structured,open interviews with eighteen parental couples, selected from the larger group under study.The parents put particularly strong emphasis on the family and family child care in order to create emotional security for the children and to convey Christian faith and traditional ethical values such as reliability and honesty. As a strategy they also stressed church-related activities. In achieving these goals the parents did not want the children to feel estranged from the surrounding secular society. Therefore most of the parents put less emphasis on transmitting an old sub-cultural nonconformist life style.The preferred parenting-strategy seemed to be a guiding and interactive authoritative style with a concomitant idea of Christian parenting as characterized by an understanding-accepting behavior toward the children, with a strong emphasis on the concept of forgiveness-a phenomenon that grew with increased religious commitment. The parents rejected oldfashioned authoritarian child-rearing and wanted to develop a relationship based on confidence and openness. Variations were found in parental patterns related to the family environments, education and religious commitment.
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| 8. |
- Dahlström, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Cognitive-behavioral profiles among different categories of orofacial pain patients: diagnostic and treatment implications.
- 1997
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Ingår i: European journal of oral sciences. - 0909-8836. ; 105:5 Pt 1, s. 377-83
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Psychological homogeneity in temporomandibular disorders (TMD) is not conclusive. The multidimensional pain inventory (MPI) has previously identified 3 cognitive-behavioral profiles in TMD and chronic pain patients. Our aims were to replicate these findings in another cultural setting and relate the profiles to the diagnosis and to the treatment demand and outcome. The MPI was administered to 112 referrals comprising 6 categories of patients diagnosed with TMD or intractable orofacial pain. Dysfunctional profiles (high in pain and distress) were most common in patients with orofacial pain of obscure origin and more common in myofascial pain patients than in patients with other TMD diagnoses. Interpersonally-distressed profiles were found in all categories. Among patients with disk displacement, the 3rd profile (adaptive copers with low pain and distress and high control and activity) was most common in earlier successfully diskectomized patients and least common in those about to undergo invasive interventions. A dysfunctional profile was associated with treatment failure, conservative or surgical, and with the demand for radical therapy. Some support for a cyclical causality between pain and psychological factors was found. It is concluded that the robustness of the MPI as a relevant assessment instrument was further strengthened.
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